{"title":"Effect of residual stress on adhesion behaviour of TiN coating","authors":"Yifei Zhang, Yuxuan Yao, Jianzhong Li, Wei Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s12034-025-03434-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12034-025-03434-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>TiN coating prepared by physical vapour deposition on additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy was studied from the perspective of residual stress to improve adhesion strength. The growth mechanism of TiN coatings was analysed and the coating adhesions were evaluated using a scratch tester. The results showed that the crystal nucleus grew under the surface diffusion and grain boundary migration to form a continuous coating. The preferred directions for crystal growth were the (111), (200) and (220) planes. The compressive stress value has a negative correlation with the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate. Specimen with larger tensile stresses had a more regular cross-section and more compact connection, and protected the coating integrity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":502,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Materials Science","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G Awasthi, K Santhy, S Roy, S Agrawal, N Jamnapara, M Salot, S K Chaudhury
{"title":"Effect of voltage waveform on characteristics of electrochemically exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets","authors":"G Awasthi, K Santhy, S Roy, S Agrawal, N Jamnapara, M Salot, S K Chaudhury","doi":"10.1007/s12034-025-03429-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12034-025-03429-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrochemical synthesis of graphene is an established process with high consistency and scalable potential. However, information on the effect of types of waveform on the quality of graphene nanoplatelets (NPs) is scanty. In this study, different types of waveform, namely direct current (DC), pulsed direct current (PDC) and bipolar waveform (BP) were used for the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. All experiments were performed keeping other process parameters constant, such as electrolyte concentration (0.05 M KOH solution), temperature (303 K), distance between electrodes (6 cm) and stirring speed (200 rpm). It is observed that the type of waveform plays a significant effect on the defect concentration and size of the as-synthesized graphene NPs. The size of graphene NPs synthesized using PDC, BP and DC waveforms was in the range of 1–5, 60–220 and 250–450 nm, respectively. Raman spectroscopic analysis confirmed that multilayer graphene consisting of 4–5 layers of C atoms was successfully synthesized irrespective of the type of waveform. Further, the calculated defect concentration of graphene synthesized using PDC waveform was 1.64 ± 0.41 × 10<sup>9</sup> cm<sup>–2</sup>, which is significantly less than those prepared by DC and BP waveforms. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis showed that the highest C/O ratio (i.e., less oxygen) was noted in graphene synthesized using the PDC waveform. A proof-of-concept study showed a 50% increase in the specific capacitance of Al-doped ZnO nanopowder using graphene quantum dots.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":502,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Materials Science","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S Arockia Anushya, M Durairaj, T C Sabari Girisun, A Philominal
{"title":"Nonlinear absorption effects and optical limiting properties of rational designed rGO-CNT composite probed by Z-scan technique","authors":"S Arockia Anushya, M Durairaj, T C Sabari Girisun, A Philominal","doi":"10.1007/s12034-025-03422-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12034-025-03422-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon-based materials are in high demand due to their advanced high-tech applications. In contrast to traditional synthesis methods, a single-step green method is demonstrated for reducing graphene oxide. A simple one-step hydrothermal method successfully synthesized reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The composite was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and zeta potential measurements. The present work aims to investigate the feasibility of utilizing nonlinear optical properties of reduced graphene oxide-carbon nanotube (rGO-CNT) composite as an optical limiter. The Z-scan technique was used to study the composite nonlinear absorption properties at a laser intensity of 532 nm. The result displayed that the composite material exhibits strong nonlinear absorption properties, chiefly resulting from the synergistic impact of rGO and CNT. The optical limiting behaviour of the rGO-CNT composite was evaluated, and it demonstrated excellent performance with a limiting threshold of 0.70 × 10<sup>12</sup> W m<sup>–2</sup>. Combining MWCNT tubular shape, homogeneous decorating and strong visible absorption with rGO’s extensive conjugation for charge transfer leads to a highly improved nonlinear optical (NLO) response. The excellent optical limiting performance of rGO-CNT composite makes it an ideal candidate for laser safety and energy stabilizer devices operating in the 532 nm, 9 ns laser domain.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":502,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Materials Science","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iuliia V Kapitonova, Praskovia N Tarasova, Sakhayana N Danilova, Nadezhda N Lazareva, Aitalina A Okhlopkova
{"title":"Tribochemical reactions occurring on the friction surface of the composites based on polytetrafluoroethylene containing layered silicates","authors":"Iuliia V Kapitonova, Praskovia N Tarasova, Sakhayana N Danilova, Nadezhda N Lazareva, Aitalina A Okhlopkova","doi":"10.1007/s12034-025-03427-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12034-025-03427-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The processes occurring on the friction surface of polymer composite materials (PCMs) based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and layered (LS) silicates such as serpentine and phlogopite are described in the article. The studies were carried out with a scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron microscopy and indicated the occurrence of tribo-oxidative processes in the polymer/metal contact zone. The investigation of the elemental composition of the friction surface by energy dispersive analysis revealed the appearance of new peaks corresponding to Fe and Cr. This fact indicates the interaction of the counterbody metal with the polymer during friction. The occurrence of defluorination and hydroxylation reactions of PTFE macromolecules on the friction surface of PCM was recorded based on the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A possible mechanism is proposed for the tribochemical processes that occur on the friction surface of composites, regardless of the composition of the fillers. It has been established that a protective layer is formed consisting of filler particles and tribodestruction products due to tribochemical reactions on the friction surface. The formation of a secondary layer is not observed in the case of a composite with phlogopite. Thus, the main factor in increasing the wear resistance of PTFE-based PCM is the formation of new secondary structures on the friction surface in the friction zone due to the occurrence of tribo-oxidative processes. The generated secondary structures provide a protective surface that contributes to the shear friction stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":502,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Materials Science","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashish Kumar Saxena, Vivek Kumar Barnwal, K U Yazar, N Harshavardhana, Sushil Kumar Mishra
{"title":"Dynamic evolution of hard orientations and consequent ductility loss during uniaxial tension of Ti6Al4V alloy","authors":"Ashish Kumar Saxena, Vivek Kumar Barnwal, K U Yazar, N Harshavardhana, Sushil Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1007/s12034-025-03425-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12034-025-03425-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was performed on a hot extruded titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) of circular cross-section. The alloy was deformed at different temperatures and strain rates using the uniaxial tension test. Subsequently, a comprehensive microstructure analysis using an electron back-scattered diffraction technique was performed to investigate the microstructure of the alloy. The study revealed the formation of hard-orientated regions during deformation that adversely affected the ductility of the alloy. This study also highlights the reasons responsible for the evolution of hard orientations at different temperatures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":502,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Materials Science","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation process optimization and study on mechanical property of food waste/fly ash/acrylamide composite hydrogel","authors":"Yu Huang, Tingting Dong, Xing Zhang, Jingyi Zhao, Binkai Zhao, Mingyan Qin, Liwei Deng, Yalin Li","doi":"10.1007/s12034-025-03403-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12034-025-03403-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Resource utilization of food waste and fly ash has been a significant challenge for managing the environment, building a ‘waste-free city’ and achieving the ‘dual-carbon’ goal. In the present study, a high-strength food waste/fly ash/acrylamide composite hydrogel was developed by combining food waste and fly ash into functionalized particles using free radical cross-linking polymerization, with acrylamide used as the monomer, <i>N, N′</i>-methylene bisacrylamide as the cross-linking agent and sodium persulphate as the initiator. After one-factor experiments by changing the dosages of acrylamide, <i>N, N′</i>-methylene bisacrylamide, sodium persulphate, fly ash and polymerization temperature, the process conditions for the hydrogel to have the optimum mechanical property were obtained using response surface optimization. The experimental results showed that Young’s modulus of the produced hydrogels was as high as 2913 kPa at the dosages of acrylamide, <i>N, N′</i>-methylene bisacrylamide, sodium persulphate and fly ash of 4.349, 0.012, 0.540 and 1.181 g, respectively. Subsequently, the morphology and structure of the hydrogels were characterized using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The results showed that the interactions among polymer chains in the network structure of the hydrogel, the filling of fly ash and the hydrogen bonding combined to give the hydrogel excellent mechanical property. Meanwhile, Young’s modulus of composite hydrogel increased by 30.16% compared to that of the single-phase food waste hydrogel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":502,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Materials Science","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T Devender Reddy, G Padmasree, Sreedhar Yelipeddy, P Yadagiri Reddy, Ch Gopal Reddy
{"title":"Magnetic and 57Fe Mössbauer studies of praseodymium (Pr) substituted yttrium iron oxide (YFeO3) materials prepared by sol-gel technique","authors":"T Devender Reddy, G Padmasree, Sreedhar Yelipeddy, P Yadagiri Reddy, Ch Gopal Reddy","doi":"10.1007/s12034-025-03417-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12034-025-03417-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Structural, magnetic and Mössbauer studies of praseodymium (Pr) doped in yttrium iron oxide (YFeO<sub>3</sub>) samples are presented in this paper. Samples having chemical formula of Pr<sub>x</sub>Y<sub>1−x</sub>FeO<sub>3</sub> (where, x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) were prepared by using sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy techniques were used to characterize the samples. Rietveld refined XRD graphs show sharp intensity peaks which confirmed that the samples possess crystalline nature and have distorted orthorhombic structure. From Raman spectroscopic studies it was observed that the modes shifted towards lower wave number side confirming that Pr got substituted in place of Y. It was observed that with increase in Pr doping concentration in YFeO<sub>3,</sub> the magnetic nature of the samples decreased from weak ferromagnetic nature to anti ferromagnetic nature. <sup>57</sup>Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic studies showed a sextet overlapped by additional sextets which were generated from magnetic impurities. Isomer shift value of 0.27 mm s<sup>−1</sup> indicated that Fe ion was in its high spin ferric state. The hyperfine field (B<sub>hf</sub>) values were found to increase with increase in Pr concentration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":502,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Materials Science","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D V ANANDHI, S SELVANANDAN, M NEETHA MEHATHAJ, JHELAI SAHADEVAN, M S SHIVAKUMAR, VADIVEL SIVA
{"title":"Structural and magnetic studies on the yttrium–doped zinc–copper ferrite nanoparticle synthesized by the solution combustion method","authors":"D V ANANDHI, S SELVANANDAN, M NEETHA MEHATHAJ, JHELAI SAHADEVAN, M S SHIVAKUMAR, VADIVEL SIVA","doi":"10.1007/s12034-025-03424-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12034-025-03424-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnetic nanoparticle of Zn<sub>0.4</sub>Cu<sub>0.6</sub>Y<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2-x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (ZCYF) was synthesized with different doping level (X = 0.0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04) by using the method of solution combustion. The prepared samples were sintered at 900°C and then analysed to know their structural and magnetic parameters. The cubic formation was confirmed by using X-ray diffractometry. The particle size was calculated using Scherrer’s equation and found to vary between 69–88 nm. The particle sizes in the sample ranged from 432.62 to 191.24 nm, as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition of the synthesized powder was also confirmed using an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDAX). The magnetic properties of the sample were evaluated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), revealing the material to be soft magnetic, with saturation magnetization ranging from 50.97 to 60.25 emu g<sup>−1</sup>. The elemental composition was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Dielectric measurements showed that Y<sup>3+</sup> substitution in ZCYF significantly affects electron-transport properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":502,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Materials Science","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of the degree of supersaturation on the synthesis of the layered double hydroxides of Ca and Al","authors":"Anand N Narayanappa, P Vishnu Kamath","doi":"10.1007/s12034-025-03426-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12034-025-03426-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The layered double hydroxide (LDH) of Ca and Al is more soluble than the hydrotalcite family of compounds. The pH at precipitation is in the range 11.5–12. At this high pH, the Al<sup>3+</sup> ion tends to re-dissolve given the amphotericity of the hydroxide of Al<sup>3+</sup>. These factors introduce a degree of irreproducibility in the outcome of a coprecipitation reaction. This work showed that the outcome is critically dependent on the degree of supersaturation. By carrying out a number of coprecipitation reactions in a fixed volume of reaction mixture, the exact base concentration required to crystallize the LDH was obtained, paving the way for the synthesis of LDHs with different anions intercalated. While a quantitative treatment of the ionic strength facilitating the nucleation of the desired phase is beyond the scope of this work, it is empirically seen that moderate base concentrations result in the desired outcome. Higher and lower base concentrations lead to the crystallization of competing phases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":502,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Materials Science","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raghavendra Kotla, Guru Babu Bollavaram, Dilip Kumar Behara
{"title":"Biomass waste as low-cost adsorbents for methylene blue removal studies","authors":"Raghavendra Kotla, Guru Babu Bollavaram, Dilip Kumar Behara","doi":"10.1007/s12034-025-03418-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12034-025-03418-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Textile, leather, food and paper industries are major contributors to wastewater containing dye pollutants—causing serious human, aquatic and ecological problems. This study focuses on the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye using agricultural waste materials—tamarind seeds and rice husk. Among various dye removal methods, adsorption is found to be simple and effective. Activated carbon (AC) derived from tamarind seeds and rice husk was utilized as an economical adsorbent. The activated carbon from tamarind seeds was produced with a 500°C activation temperature and a 1:1 KOH:tamarind seed charcoal ratio, while the rice husk-based activated carbon was produced at 700°C with a 4:1 KOH:rice husk charcoal ratio. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of tamarind seed-based activated carbon (ATSP) showed a peak at a 2<i>θ</i> value of 32.20°, confirming its crystalline structure. Batch adsorption experiments indicated that the adsorption capacities were 97.05% for activated tamarind seed powder (ATSP) and 89.11% for activated rice husk powder (ARHP). The mixed adsorbent of ATSP and ARHP achieved the highest dye removal efficiency of 95.27%. The adsorption behaviour and kinetics were analyzed using models such as the Langmuir, Freundlich, first-order kinetic model and second-order kinetic model. The Langmuir model exhibited the best alignment with the adsorption data, whereas the second-order kinetic model provided the most accurate description of the adsorption process. These results underscore the strong adsorption capabilities of tamarind seeds and rice husk, indicating their potential use in dye removal for wastewater treatment. Future studies should investigate their efficiency in capturing other industrial dyes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":502,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Materials Science","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}