Nano Energy最新文献

{"title":"Magnetron Sputtering for Scalable Perovskite Photovoltaics: Functional Layers, Interface Protection, and Tandem Integration","authors":"Runan Wang, Chi Li, Wenli Yan, Yibing Wu, Jiapeng Hu, Xinhua Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.112575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.112575","url":null,"abstract":"Metal-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) combine strong light absorption, tunable bandgaps, low-temperature processability, and rapidly improving power conversion efficiency (PCE), making them attractive candidates for next-generation photovoltaics. Their translation from laboratory-scale cells to large-area, stable, and manufacturable modules, however, remains constrained by film non-uniformity, interfacial degradation, process reproducibility, and integration compatibility. Magnetron sputtering is a mature physical vapor deposition technique capable of depositing dense, uniform, and compositionally controllable films over large areas. These attributes make it highly relevant to key functional layers in perovskite photovoltaics, provided that sputtering-induced damage to sensitive interfaces is properly controlled. This Review summarizes recent progress in sputtered hole transport layers, electron transport layers, transparent conductive electrodes, recombination/interconnecting layers, and buffer/protection layers. We discuss the relationships among sputtering parameters, film microstructure, interfacial compatibility, optical-electrical losses, and device performance, with particular emphasis on semitransparent and tandem architectures. Persistent challenges include energetic-particle-induced interfacial damage, low-temperature film-quality degradation, near-infrared parasitic absorption, large-area non-uniformity, and insufficiently standardized evaluation protocols. Future research should prioritize low-damage deposition, multifunctional buffer layers, high-mobility transparent electrodes, and reproducible process windows for scalable PSC manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149359341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust Vertical Nanosheet Arrays Enable Dendrite-Free and Ultra-Stable Molten Salt Aluminum Batteries","authors":"Xiaoxue Yan, Kai Luo, Ziyang Liu, Xiaoying Cui, Yufan Fang, Changyuan Guo, Fang Liu, Ruiting Guo, Xinyu Yang, Tong Shu, Wei Chen, Jiashen Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.112585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.112585","url":null,"abstract":"Rechargeable aluminum batteries are highly compelling candidates for large-scale energy storage, driven by the intrinsic safety, elemental abundance, and high theoretical capacity of aluminum. However, their practical viability is severely impeded by deleterious Al dendrite growth during cycling, which triggers irreversible capacity decay and premature cell failure via short-circuiting. Here we present the rational design of a vertically aligned Na<ce:inf loc=\"post\">6</ce:inf>(AlSiO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>)<ce:inf loc=\"post\">6</ce:inf> inorganic nanosheet array layer grown directly on the Al anode surface (denoted Al@IL). This unique vertical architecture inherently homogenizes interfacial ion flux and regulates local current distribution, facilitating highly reversible, uniform Al deposition/stripping and fundamentally suppressing dendrite formation. Consequently, in molten-salt electrolytes, the symmetric Al@IL cells exhibit stable deposition/stripping for over 1,750<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>h at 0.5<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mA<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">–2</ce:sup> and 0.5 mAh cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">–2</ce:sup>. When paired with a graphite cathode, the full cell achieves an ultra-long lifespan exceeding 60,000 cycles at 10<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>A<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">–1</ce:sup>. Remarkably, stable operation is maintained for over 14,000 cycles at 5<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>A<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">–1</ce:sup> even under a stringent high areal loading of 21<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>mg<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">–2</ce:sup>. Furthermore, the Al@IL anode empowers Al//S batteries to deliver outstanding durability of over 5,000 cycles at 5<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>C. By constructing a structurally aligned inorganic interphase, this work provides a robust interfacial engineering strategy, paving the way for high-performance and dendrite-free aluminum batteries.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149359338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origami-based soft magnetoelectric sensor for self-powered mechanical sensing and human-machine interaction","authors":"Zhangbo Wang, Wei Xiao, Yujing Wang, Dean Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.112572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.112572","url":null,"abstract":"Soft magnetoelectric sensors have great potential in the field of self-powered wearable sensing and human-machine interaction (HMI). However, existing sensors usually possess limited magnetic flux change and a single deformation mode, which limits their practical application in wearable devices. Herein, a novel skin-inspired soft magnetoelectric sensor (SMES) is proposed by integrating the Miura origami configuration. It can achieve efficient mechanical-electrical energy conversion by changing the direction of the magnetic field and the distance of electromagnetic interaction during deformation. The novel design enables the SMES featuring multi-dimensional deformation capability (uniaxial stretching, planar stretching, compression), long-term stability (over 1000 cycles), and environmental robustness (water immersion, temperature change). Furthermore, the SMES can generate an output voltage over 500% higher than that of the magnetic film, while exhibiting significantly lower stretching and compressive stiffness. Demonstrations in wearable scenarios further verify the ability of the SMES to accurately capture various human movements, such as joint bending, pressing, gait, and gestures. It holds promising application prospects for athletic posture correction and rehabilitation training assessment. Based on these sensing characteristics, the SMES is integrated into a wearable HMI system, successfully enabling precise controls such as driving a pneumatic soft bionic hand, controlling mechanical arm operations through gestures, and contactless computer control. This study applies origami structures to magnetoelectric sensors, providing a new design idea for high-performance self-powered wearable sensors.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149359345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Situ Polymerized Polar Adaptive Electrode-Electrolyte Interphase Enabling High-Voltage and Long-Lifespan Ultrahigh-Ni Cathode-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Zichen Liu, Sida Huo, Ben Su, Chenhang Zhang, Lei Chai, Meng Li, Anbin Zhou, Yingjin Wei, Yue Wang, Jingyi Qiu, Wendong Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.112584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.112584","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrahigh-nickel layered oxide cathodes (NCM91) are regarded as among the most promising candidates for next-generation high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries owing to their high reversible specific capacity. However, their practical application is severely restricted by interfacial instability and mechanical strain during cycling. Herein, a polar adaptive organic polymer coating, polyethyl vinyl sulfone (Poly-EVS), is innovatively proposed to stabilize high-capacity layered oxides. By imparting adaptive capability to the interface, the designed polymer coating effectively alleviates stress accumulation induced by volumetric fluctuations during charge/discharge processes, thereby maintaining the structural integrity of the cathode. Furthermore, the polar and self-adsorbing characteristics of Poly-EVS facilitate ion enrichment on the electrode surface. This reconstructs the interfacial Li⁺ coordination environment, induces a robust cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI), and accelerates Li⁺ transport kinetics. Impressively, the Poly-EVS-coated NCM91 cathode achieves a capacity retention of 75.8% after 300 cycles at a high cutoff voltage of 4.5<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>V. Moreover, an assembled 2 Ah NCM91||graphite pouch cell delivers a high capacity retention of 88.0% after 500 cycles at 0.5<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>C. This work elucidates the dual mechanism of the polar adaptive interphase in regulating the interfacial solvation structure and enhancing the bulk structural stability of ultrahigh-Ni cathodes, providing a highly practical pathway for achieving long-term cycling stability.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149359340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CNN-driven self-powered sensing system for transmission line aeolian vibration recognition by hybrid aeolian energy harvester","authors":"Sihang Gao ,&nbsp;Lingjiang Long ,&nbsp;Baocang Ding,&nbsp;Yongxi Liu,&nbsp;Yuqi Sun,&nbsp;Jiajia Chen,&nbsp;Guoqi Min","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work addresses a critical bottleneck in current self-powered vibration sensing for transmission lines, where existing methods rely on oversimplified mappings between vibration parameters and electrical signals, with lacking sustainable power for reliable deployment. First, a hybrid aeolian vibration harvester (HAVH) integrating a multilayer-elastic triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and a plug-cored electromagnetic generator (EMG) is proposed. Through structural optimization, the TENG achieves an open-circuit voltage of 498 V and a peak power of 4.4 mW in the 5–50 Hz, while the EMG supplies a short-circuit current of 23 mA and a peak power of 53 mW, enabling simultaneous energy harvesting and multimodal vibration signal acquisition. Second, nine vibration states are defined based on vibration frequency and amplitude characteristics. Triboelectric signals characterize their dynamic responses, and a mapping model is built by training a two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2D-CNN) on experimental data, which learns to extract discriminative features from triboelectric signals and establish the relationship between vibration excitations and corresponding output patterns. Additionally, an integrated power-management and signal-processing circuit is designed to provide stable power while enabling vibration signal processing. Finally, a self-powered system integrating the HAVH, circuit module, and upper computer demonstrates 99.5% recognition accuracy for all nine vibration states with graded warning, offering a viable approach for intelligent sensing of power transmission systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 111870"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A highly-integrated flexible triboelectric vibration sensing system for intelligent industrial monitoring on curved surfaces","authors":"Yuxuan Rao ,&nbsp;Xingge Yu ,&nbsp;Zhenpeng Cai ,&nbsp;Yulong Yuan ,&nbsp;Li Xiang ,&nbsp;Anlian Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The secure and stable operation of energy and industrial systems relies heavily on accurate vibration monitoring. However, conventional rigid vibration sensors face challenges in achieving conformal attachment to the curved surfaces ubiquitous in industrial equipment, leading to signal distortion and limiting deployment flexibility. While emerging flexible sensors offer some improvements, they often encounter limitations such as sensitivity to electromagnetic interference, poor low-frequency response, or complex fabrication processes. To address these challenges, this study presents a fully flexible, highly-integrated triboelectric vibration monitoring system centered on a conical microstructure-based flexible triboelectric vibration sensor (CMF-TVS) for intelligent mechanical condition monitoring. At the device level, the CMF-TVS is constructed by coupling a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofiber film with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer featuring conical microstructures. This point-contact triboelectric interface lowers the mechanical activation threshold and enables stable signal generation under small-amplitude excitation. The CMF-TVS achieves a broadband frequency response of 30–1000 Hz, detects vibration amplitudes as small as 0.127 μm, and maintains stability over 12,000 cycles. Benefiting from the intrinsic flexibility of both the sensing unit and structural design, the system conforms robustly to planar and curved surfaces. Furthermore, the system integrates a hybrid neural network, achieving a remarkable state recognition accuracy of 98.75% for eight different mechanical operating conditions, demonstrating significant potential for self-powered, in-situ vibration monitoring in complex industrial environments. This work provides a readily deployable, flexible solution for achieving long-term and in-situ vibration monitoring in practical complex industrial environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 111864"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Li-based NbOx self-rectifying memristor crossbar arrays for precisely reversible weight programming","authors":"Jeong Hyeon Son,&nbsp;Hyun-Sik Kim,&nbsp;Ki-Hoon Son,&nbsp;Yun-Seo Shin,&nbsp;Dae-Hee Han,&nbsp;Hong-Sub Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advancement of large AI models, the need for acceleration hardware for energy-efficient artificial neural networks (ANNs) computations is becoming increasingly important. Memristor-based crossbar arrays (MCA) offer promising in-memory computing for AI acceleration but face challenges like device-to-device (D2D) variation, cycle-to-cycle (C2C) variation, and non-ideal weight updates due to stochastic ion migration. To mitigate these issues in edge inference applications, this study explores inference-only passive MCAs that enable reliable transfer of pre-trained weights from servers to hardware arrays. We fabricated self-rectifying Li-based amorphous NbO_x memristors using atomic layer deposition (ALD), achieving interface-type resistive switching via Li ion injection/recovery from electrodes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), and 3D secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) confirmed the mechanism: Li interstitial defects modulate Nb valence states (Nb^5 + to Nb⁴⁺), enabling multi-bit conductance tuning with asymmetric interfaces for sneak-current suppression. A 32 × 32 passive MCA was implemented, programming 1024 cells to 16 conductance states (4 bits). Excluding breakdowns, 99.8% and 99.4% achievement rates were obtained for two target maps via iterative potentiation/depression pulses. This demonstrates reliable weight transplantation, paving the way for energy-efficient, high-reliability AI inference hardware in edge devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 111869"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemo-mechanics unlocks hidden dynamics of lithium plating under stacking pressure","authors":"Amit Bhowmick ,&nbsp;Bo Rui ,&nbsp;Shuguo Sun ,&nbsp;Xijun Tan ,&nbsp;Bingqing Wei ,&nbsp;Youngwon Hahn ,&nbsp;Sandeep Kulathu ,&nbsp;Victor Oancea ,&nbsp;Wenquan Lu ,&nbsp;Jun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding and mitigating lithium plating remains one of the most pressing challenges in advancing the safety and longevity of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Here, we present a novel integrative framework that combines in-operando swelling force measurements with a physics-based electro-chemo-mechanical model to uncover previously inaccessible insights into lithium plating dynamics under mechanical constraints. Unlike existing approaches that focus primarily on electrochemical signatures, our approach captures the coupled mechanical responses of commercial pouch cells during cycling, revealing how mechanical constraints fundamentally alter degradation pathways. We demonstrate that the use of a moderate stacking pressure suppresses lithium plating and enhances lithium stripping. This mechanically driven structural effect, coupled with the electrochemical process, significantly extends the linear aging regime in LIBs. Intriguingly, intermittent capacity recovery events that were observed during the battery cycling suggest dynamic lithium reactivation, a phenomenon rarely captured in real-time. This study pioneers a stress-aware methodology for diagnosing and managing lithium plating, establishing a new paradigm for real-time battery health monitoring. The findings offer transformative implications for the design of durable, high-performance LIB systems, opening new avenues for intelligent control strategies in battery management systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111751"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional zero-dimensional hybrid halide for multiscale buried interface planarization in perovskite solar cells","authors":"Shuo Wang ,&nbsp;Dongliang Bai ,&nbsp;ZhenHua Li ,&nbsp;Shaoan Yang ,&nbsp;Huanyu Chen ,&nbsp;Zhen Guan ,&nbsp;Xuejie Zhu ,&nbsp;Dong Yang ,&nbsp;Zhiwen Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The buried interface between electron transport layer (ETL) and perovskite absorber often induce the awful properties of perovskite film such as interfacial defects, trenched structure and ion migration, hindering improving efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we present a multiscale planarized interface regulation (MPIR) strategy by introducing π-conjugated zero-dimensional (0D) metal halide, BPP₂MnBr₄ (BPP⁺ = C₂₅H₂₂P⁺), as multifunctional interlayer on SnO₂. The π-conjugated multi-phenyl framework enables strong coupling with adjacent functional layers, while the 0D configuration provides quantum confinement and structural robustness. Theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that BPP₂MnBr₄ increases the formation energy of non-photovoltaic phase (δ-FAPbI₃), thus improving phase purity. Additionally, buried interface modified by BPP₂MnBr₄ flattens grain boundary trenches to release residual stress for perovskite film. Benefiting from MPIR achieves a high efficiency of 25.88 %, and good stability for maintaining 92.0 % of initial efficiency after 1000 h of continuous light irradiation in N₂ without encapsulation of perovskite devices. Besides, the resulted solar module with an active area of 25.74 cm² (6.5 cm<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span>6.5 cm <span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span>9 sub-cells) exhibits a PCE of 22.37 % with excellent uniformity. These results establish π-conjugated 0D metal halides as multifunctional interlayers capable of simultaneously improving structural robustness and operational reliability in perovskite photovoltaics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111770"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A self-powered single-transistor synchronous switching strategy toward efficient utilization of triboelectric energy","authors":"Ruisi Zheng ,&nbsp;Luyang Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Li ,&nbsp;Yifan Yang ,&nbsp;Qinhao Zheng ,&nbsp;Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Kangqi Fan ,&nbsp;Rusen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Switching-mode energy management strategies (EMSs) play a pivotal role in promoting the utilization of triboelectric energy, but their implementation is predominantly through the simple series connection of a synchronous switching unit with a full-wave rectifier, which leads to overmany electronic components and hence overmuch energy dissipation. To address this issue, we propose herein a self-powered single-transistor synchronous switching strategy (SPST-3S) for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), whose implementation depends only on a half-wave rectifier and a single NPN transistor, requiring the minimum number of electronic components for switching-mode EMSs so far. Through the rational combination of a transistor with a half-wave rectifier, the SPST-3S enables both real-time detection of the TENG voltage peak and automatic switching actions, achieving high energy conversion efficiency of 88.6 %. Theoretical analysis and experimental tests demonstrate that, with the SPST-3S, the optimal output impedance of a rotary TENG (R-TENG) is reduced by 99.97 % (from 650 MΩ to 0.19 MΩ) and the peak output current is increased by a factor of 44 (from 3.5 μA to 154 μA). In addition, sustaining the continuous operation of a hygrothermograph, which cannot be realized by the energy management circuit (EMC) based on the full-wave rectifier, is achieved by the EMC designed with the SPST-3S. This study introduces a distinctive and integrated EMS for TENGs, offering a promising technical route for achieving efficient utilization of triboelectric energy and thus advancing TENG’s application in various fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 111773"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}