Nano Energy最新文献

{"title":"Ultrahigh piezocatalytic activity in (K, Na)NbO3 based materials","authors":"Qiwei Sun,&nbsp;Jinzhu Zou,&nbsp;Miao Song,&nbsp;Qiuyan Yi,&nbsp;Shangren Zeng,&nbsp;Hang Luo,&nbsp;Dou Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving outstanding piezoelectric catalytic performance is of significant importance in the fields of environmental remediation and energy conversion. Currently, the primary strategies for modulating piezoelectric catalytic performance focus on composition optimization and microstructural morphology design, yet the performance metrics (typically characterized by the piezoelectric catalytic constant k) generally remain relatively low (k ∼ 100 ×10⁻³ min⁻¹). In this work, we propose a multiscale strategy involving synergistic regulation of phase engineering, atomic-scale polarization heterogeneity, and grain morphology. In an Sb-doped 0.958(K,Na)NbO₃-0.04(Bi,Na)ZrO₃-0.002BiFeO₃ (i.e.,0.958 K_0.45Na_0.55Nb_0.96Sb_0.04O₃-0.04Bi_0.5K_0.5ZrO₃-0.002BiFeO₃)(Sb-doped KNN-BKZ-BFO) system, we successfully achieved an ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃ ∼ 610 pC/N), high remnant polarization (<em>P</em>_r ∼ 23 μC/cm²), and moderate dielectric constant (<em>ε</em>_r ∼ 3000). In the degradation of Rhodamine B dye, this material exhibited exceptional piezoelectric catalytic activity (k = 283.16 ×10⁻³ min⁻¹), surpassing most reported lead-free piezoelectric catalysts. Multiscale structural characterization confirmed that the remarkable performance enhancement stems from two key factors: (1) the Sb doping-induced room-temperature R-O-T multiphase coexistence structure and enhanced atomic-scale polarization rotation, and (2) the larger grain size achieved through thermal management, which synergistically improves the piezoelectric coefficient and remnant polarization, thereby facilitating high piezoelectric potential and catalytic performance. This strategy is expected to provide important insights for developing next-generation high-performance lead-free piezoelectric catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111640"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold air quench control of local crystallization environment in fully air-processed carbon-based perovskite solar cells","authors":"Christopher Picart ,&nbsp;Kausar Ali Khawaja ,&nbsp;Zikun Cao ,&nbsp;Yizhao Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Gu ,&nbsp;Jacob Wall ,&nbsp;Lin Li ,&nbsp;He Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) present a low-cost route to efficient photovoltaic technology. Gas quenching is an essential process commonly used for solvent extraction in scalable module fabrication using solution processes, but film quality remains highly sensitive to the localized environmental processing temperature, especially during intermediate phase transitions before perovskite film high temperature annealing. In this study, we introduce a cold air quench strategy to precisely control the local crystallization temperature that simultaneously promotes uniform crystallization and facilitates strain relaxation in fully air-processed C-PSCs. It is found that implementing dry air at 10 °C as the quenching gas yields a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.52 %, with preferential (110) orientation and reduced, homogenized in-plane strain. This newly developed technique of a cost-effective low temperature air quenching process also enhances carrier lifetime, reduces interface recombination, and improves charge extraction. Therefore, this work presents cold air quenching as a scalable, economic method to control perovskite crystallization and strain in C-PSC fabrication, advancing the industrial viability of high-performance perovskite modules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111647"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145718442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural cellulose-based flexible recyclable multifunctional sensor","authors":"Fei-Hong Bao ,&nbsp;Hang-Yu Qian ,&nbsp;Yan-Yuan Ba ,&nbsp;Peng Huang ,&nbsp;Yi-Lin Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Sheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and the improvement of personal health awareness, flexible sensors play an irreplaceable role in heart rate detection, respiration monitoring, and many other healthcare applications. To meet the requirement of the high utilization rate of spaces and low cost at the same time, increasing attention has been focused on the multifunctional flexible sensors. However, certain issues of the traditional flexible sensors based on artificial polymers such as complex manufacturing processes, use of toxic reagents and inability to recycle limit their popularity for daily consumption scenarios. Herein, we proposed an easily recyclable multifunctional sensor fabricated from the natural cellulose-based flexible piezoelectric (NCFP) composite film. This NCFP film combines the moisture sensitivity of natural cellulose, piezoelectric effect and variable permittivity of barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticles, exhibiting advantageous performance in terms of pressure, temperature and humidity sensing response. Meanwhile, after five recycling processes, NCFP film remains at a high level of consistency. Furthermore, the multifunctional sensor based on NCFP film was successfully applied for finger pressure detection, finger temperature detection and respiration monitoring. Consequently, the findings are promising for flexible, low-cost and sustainable multifunctional wearable devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111669"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced thermal safety and efficiency of battery modules using functional phase change composites","authors":"Shuheng Liang ,&nbsp;Zhubin Yao ,&nbsp;Mingyi Li ,&nbsp;Zhenghui Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Yang ,&nbsp;Jingwen Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase change materials (PCMs) are widely used in battery thermal management (BTM) systems due to their high latent heat and passive cooling capabilities. However, conventional organic PCMs suffer from high flammability, leakage risks, and compromised thermal performance due to the addition of excessive flame retardants. In this study, an advanced functional polymeric (FP) framework with aliphatic side chains is developed to address these challenges. Benefiting from the extra latent heat of the FP framework, the designed composite PCM (CPCM) not only retains a high latent heat (106.3 J·g⁻¹) despite a low PCM proportion (28 wt%), but also exhibits excellent leakage resistance and enhanced flame retardancy. The crosslinking structure of FP enables the proposed CPCM to achieve superior thermal flexibility, mechanical properties, and reduced dripping behavior compared to the classical epoxy-based CPCMs. Additionally, the synergistic flame-retardant mechanism of triphenyl phosphate and melamine plays a key role in char layer formation and gas-phase flame inhibition, significantly improving fire safety. This innovative design provides a promising multi-functional solution for battery thermal management and offers new insights into the development of high-performance flame-retardant PCMs for broader applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111671"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initiatorless solar photopolymerization of biodegradable eutectogels with anti-freezing and self-healing properties for recyclable energy-harvesting and human-computer interface","authors":"Kai Xue ,&nbsp;Jifei Zhang ,&nbsp;Sanwei Hao ,&nbsp;Jun Yang ,&nbsp;Bobo Cao ,&nbsp;Jialong Wen ,&nbsp;Wenfeng Ren ,&nbsp;Bing Wang ,&nbsp;Changyou Shao ,&nbsp;Runcang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogel-based flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have garnered increasing attention due to the combined merits of high transparency, stretchability, and adjustable ionic conductivity. However, the inferior low-temperature tolerance and the non-biodegradability of the most conductive gel materials limit applications in extreme environment and result in adverse electronic waste. Herein, we report a binary-component composite eutectogel by direct solar-initiated in situ photopolymerization within bacterial cellulose (BC) template without cross-linker, yielding desirable anti-freezing, self-healing, and degradable gel electrode for the applications of self-powered TENG in energy harvesting and human-computer interaction. The composite eutectogels exhibited high mechanical strength (12.37 MPa), toughness (38.19 MJ⁻³), transparency (90 %), conductivity (0.049 mS/cm), wide temperature tolerance (-40–60 °C), and excellent biodegradability (within 8 h). Notably, the eutectogels-assembled TENG exhibits remarkable performance in terms of open-circuit voltage (275 V), short-circuit current (1.8 µA), power density reaching high levels (165 mW/m²), and stable electrical output (Cycling 6000 times). The eutectogels-assembled TENG can be utilized for energy harvesting to power commercial electronics and served as a self-powered sensor for real-time human motion monitoring. As proof of concept, we present a compelling demonstration showcasing the potential application of TENGs as self-powered pianos for human-computer interaction, providing an elegant and sustainable new perspective to design eco-friendly and flexible electronics with superior environment adaptability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111662"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triboelectric nanogenerators for civil infrastructure towards sustainability and intelligence","authors":"Xiaowei Zhang ,&nbsp;Han Wang ,&nbsp;Yanchun Miao ,&nbsp;Qiao Wang ,&nbsp;Yali Li ,&nbsp;Hengyu Li ,&nbsp;Tinghai Cheng ,&nbsp;Zeyu Lu ,&nbsp;Jinyang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the era of Construction Industry 4.0, the evolution of civil infrastructure towards sustainability and intelligence imposes higher demands on sustainable energy supply and autonomous perception. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), emerging as a transformative energy conversion technology leveraging contact electrification effects, demonstrate dual capabilities in ambient energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. This synergistic functionality positions TENGs as a pivotal catalyst for achieving carbon-neutral operations and digital transformation in civil infrastructure. This review comprehensively analyzes sustainability-driven advancements and intelligence-boosted application paradigms of TENGs technology within cement-based infrastructure, addressing critical challenges in next-generation smart construction development. Firstly, fundamental principles and advantages of TENGs are elucidated. Secondly, the integration strategies of TENGs into cementitious materials to develop cement-based TENGs composites are analyzed in terms of materials modification and performance enhancement. Subsequently, TENGs implementations across two major domains, including residential buildings and transportation infrastructure, are examined. Finally, a dedicated discussion addresses current challenges and future directions for TENGs deployment in next-generation infrastructure networks. In conclusion, the present review aims to establish TENGs technology as a cornerstone for civil engineering innovations, and serves as a strategic guide to advance sustainable and intelligent building and infrastructure with energy harvesting and self-powered sensing capacities through nanogenerator integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111680"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145845057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of deformable aqueous Li-ion batteries enabled by water-in-salt-based hydrogel electrolytes","authors":"Ziting Tian ,&nbsp;Peisheng He ,&nbsp;Anju Toor","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for safe, deformable, and high-performance energy storage systems, driven by advances in wearable electronics, soft robotics, and biomedical devices, has brought deformable aqueous lithium-ion batteries (ALIBs) into focus. Water as the electrolyte solvent imparts ALIBs with intrinsic safety and higher moisture tolerance than conventional organic-electrolyte LIBs, enabling the use of stretchable and deformable packaging that is generally non-hermetic. However, their electrochemical performance is fundamentally constrained by the narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW) of water, which limits the achievable cell voltage and energy density. Recent progress in water-in-salt electrolytes (WiSEs) and their hydrogel-based derivatives (WiS-HGEs) presents a promising strategy to overcome these challenges. Due to the high salt concentration involved, WiSEs suppress the reactivity of water, thereby broadening the ESW. WiS-HGEs offer enhanced mechanical robustness to support the deformability of ALIBs, where the hydrogel serves as both the electrolyte and a stretchable separator, preventing electrolyte leakage and maintaining ionic conductivity under mechanical deformation. This article reviews the latest advancements in deformable ALIBs enabled by WiS-HGE systems, with a focus on how salt selection, electrolyte composition, and polymer matrix collectively influence electrochemical performance. Perspectives on current challenges and future directions are discussed in the last section, highlighting material design strategies, interfacial engineering approaches, and component-level innovations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111617"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145600075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water-resistant hybrid perovskite solar cell - drop triboelectric energy harvester","authors":"Fernando Núñez-Gálvez ,&nbsp;Xabier García-Casas ,&nbsp;Lidia Contreras-Bernal ,&nbsp;Alejandro Descalzo ,&nbsp;José Manuel Obrero-Pérez ,&nbsp;Javier Castillo-Seoane ,&nbsp;Antonio Ginés ,&nbsp;Gildas Leger ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Sánchez-Lopez ,&nbsp;Juan Pedro Espinós ,&nbsp;Ángel Barranco ,&nbsp;Ana Borrás ,&nbsp;Juan Ramón Sánchez-Valencia ,&nbsp;Carmen López-Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid energy-harvesting systems that combine perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with drop-driven triboelectric nanogenerators (<span>D</span>-TENGs) offer a compelling solution for continuous power generation under diverse weather conditions. Yet, the inherent vulnerability of halide perovskites to moisture and environmental stressors remains a critical barrier to their widespread deployment. To overcome this bottleneck, we introduce plasma-deposited fluorinated polymers (CFₓ) films as multifunctional encapsulation layers that simultaneously provide water resistance, triboelectric functionality, and optical transparency (&gt;90 %). Plasma deposition enables conformal, room temperature, and solvent-free coating of complex surfaces, ensuring uniform protection without compromising photovoltaic performance. After encapsulation of PSCs with CF_x films, power conversion efficiency remained virtually unchanged, and champion cells preserved a PCE of 17.9 %. More importantly, the devices exhibited high environmental stability, retaining over 50 % of their initial PCE for 10 days under high humidity and temperature. Furthermore, CF_x layers enabled Spiro-OMeTAD compatibility with commercial UV-curable resins, leading to a thin-film hybrid PSC/<span>D</span>-TENG device capable of simultaneous solar and rain energy harvesting. This device maintained 80 % of its initial performance after 300 h of continuous illumination under humid conditions and demonstrated stability under continuous dripping and illumination for more than 5 h. We demonstrated that optimizing the chemical composition of CF_x layers significantly enhances their triboelectric performance. In standalone operation, the optimized CFₓ-based <span>D</span>-TENG, enriched with 36.4 % of (CF₂ + CF₃) functional species, delivered open-circuit voltage peaks up to 110 V and a maximum power density of ∼4 mW/cm² under rainwater droplets, while retaining over 85 % of its initial output after more than 17,000 droplet impacts. As a proof of concept, using the same CF_x layer for both encapsulation and triboelectric functionality, the hybrid PSC/<span>D</span>-TENG device achieved short-circuit current densities of 11.6 mA/cm² under 0.5 sun illumination and peak voltages of 12 V per raindrop, enabling simultaneous solar and rain energy harvesting. A self-charging prototype powered LED arrays via a custom boost converter, demonstrating practical multisource energy harvesting for low-power electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111678"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145824011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-entropy chalcogenides via ambient and scalable synthesis for efficient OER catalysis","authors":"Linwei Jiang ,&nbsp;Bosong Duan ,&nbsp;Shengjian Lin ,&nbsp;Franca Jones ,&nbsp;Yunguo Li ,&nbsp;Zhenhai Wen ,&nbsp;Guohua Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synthesis of high-entropy metal chalcogenides has long been constrained by the constraints of high-temperature synthesis, a process that is both time-intensive and energy-demanding due to formidable entropic barriers. Herein, we report a rapid, cost-effective, and ambient-temperature synthesis of high-entropy metal chalcogenides entirely in aqueous solution. This mild yet potent approach facilitates the formation of (NiCoFeMnCr)S, (NiCoFeMnCr)Se and (NiCoFeMnCr)Te which exhibit outstanding performance for the oxygen evolution reaction. Remarkably, this method is readily scalable, capable of producing over 100 g of high-entropy sulfide materials in a single batch. Beyond delivering highly active and energy-efficient OER electrocatalysts, this work establishes a versatile and sustainable pathway for the low-temperature, large-scale synthesis of diverse high-entropy nanomaterials, broadening the synthetic landscape for next-generation energy technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111634"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen bond rearrangement of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel achieving high triboelectric generation","authors":"Qiandi Li,&nbsp;Shengqian Wang,&nbsp;Zhixia Wang,&nbsp;Wangshu Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogels with soft and deformable surfaces typically exhibit excellent interface adaptability, enabling full-contact friction in triboelectric generators (TENGs). The deformation ability of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels can be efficiently adjusted through hydrogen bond rearrangement, but the investigation of the rearrangement mechanism and precise regulation for low Young's modulus to achieve high TENGs generation is lacking. Here, glycerol (Gly) was introduced into PVA hydrogels to decrease the Young's modulus of PVA hydrogels from 290 kPa to 22 kPa (50 wt%), and the softened PVA hydrogels formed a highly adaptive contact interface, enhancing the triboelectric generation of TENGs by threefold (from 10 V to 40 V). The rearrangement of hydrogen bonds and the formation of slip channels composed of Gly and H₂O significantly enhanced their deformability, as proven by morphological, structural, and theoretical characterizations. Meanwhile, the slip channels facilitated NH₄⁺ permeation and were utilized to construct a PVA-Gly hydrogel TENG sensor for sweat. The sensor enabled differentiation between simulated sweat with a low urea concentration (10 mM, representing healthy individuals) and that with a high concentration (30 mM, representing dialysis patients). The mechanism and regulation of hydrogen bond rearrangement were revealed, and a soft and ion-permeable PVA-Gly hydrogel was obtained, exhibiting significant application potential in wearable TENG sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111697"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}