Nano Energy最新文献

{"title":"Thermal-electrical dual management for efficient and stable wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells","authors":"Jiangjingzi Feng ,&nbsp;Benlin He ,&nbsp;Zhe Yang ,&nbsp;Jia Li ,&nbsp;Minghao Zhang ,&nbsp;Bangbang Yang ,&nbsp;Zhenwei Wu ,&nbsp;Haiyan Chen ,&nbsp;Jialong Duan ,&nbsp;Qunwei Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are critically dependent on the robust charge transport and thermal dissipation within the perovskite film. Here, a high-quality perovskite film with thermal and electrical conductivity dual enhancement are successfully constructed by using the self-synthesized conductive and thermally conductive self-healing supramolecular ionic polymer/hydroxylated boron nitride quantum dots (SMIP/h-BNQDs) additives to fabricate high-performance carbon-based PSCs without hole transport layer (HTL). Theoretical and experimental results indicate that the introduction of highly thermally conductive SMIP/h-BNQDs additives not only delays the crystallization process and passivates defects of perovskite film through the strong interactions of coordination and hydrogen bonds formed between them and perovskite components for improved film quality, but also accelerates heat transfer and dissipation within the perovskite film, thereby reducing the device operating temperature. The electrical conductivity of the perovskite film is also enhanced due to the incorporation of conductive SMIP/h-BNQDs, which facilitates charge transport. Moreover, the introduction of the self-healing SMIP/h-BNQDs additives significantly releases the residual tensile strain and suppresses the phase separation of the wind-bandgap perovskite film, endowing it with self-repair capability under mild thermal treatment. Consequently, the carbon-based HTL-free wide-bandgap PSCs fabricated in ambient air achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 17.49 % and excellent operational stability under continuous illumination. The optimal device maintains 84.8 % of the initial efficiency after being stored for 432 h under air conditions of 25 °C and 25 % relative humidity, and the efficiency is restored to 93.4 % of the initial value after thermal treatment at 60 °C, demonstrating outstanding stability and self-healing performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111696"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-dimensional regulation toward FAPbI3 crystal growth layer and passivation defects for efficient perovskite solar cells","authors":"Shiyu Jiang ,&nbsp;Zijing Chen ,&nbsp;Xiangjin Du ,&nbsp;Chunjie Huang ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Chengyu Tan ,&nbsp;Yuqi Cui ,&nbsp;Xinru Qin ,&nbsp;Hongkun Wei ,&nbsp;Jiangjian Shi ,&nbsp;Huijue Wu ,&nbsp;Yanhong Luo ,&nbsp;Yiming Li ,&nbsp;Dongmei Li ,&nbsp;Qingbo Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Targeting at high quality FAPbI₃ films and efficient FAPbI₃ perovskite solar cells, simultaneously regulating perovskite crystal growth and passivating defects from the bulk and interfaces are particularly important. In this respect, we designed two imidazolium-based additives (ImXBr-BF₄, X = 8, 12) with different bromoalkyl chain length for n-i-p typed PSCs. Based on experimental and theoretical calculation, Im8Br-BF₄ with its optimal chain length enables the formation of ordered layered 2D perovskite. Further investigation revealed that, to the Im8Br-BF₄ treated PSCs, as-formed 2D perovskite ((Im8Br)₂PbI₄) mainly at grain boundaries, can well passivate lead-related defects, in the meantime, the Br^- from bromoalkyl group also passivated iodide vacancies in the bulk. Besides, the BF₄^- anions were contributed to partial interfacial passivation toward the buried interface. Consequently, devices with Im8Br-BF₄ presented the 26.2 % PCE (0.076 cm²), outperforming those devices with Im12Br-BF₄. And the devices also exhibited exceptional humidity stability, retaining &gt; 90 % of its initial efficiency after 1000 h at 60 °C/60 %RH without encapsulation. Our multi-dimensional passivation strategy provided a simple and feasible way to enhance the device performance of PSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111693"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrahigh piezocatalytic activity in (K, Na)NbO3 based materials","authors":"Qiwei Sun,&nbsp;Jinzhu Zou,&nbsp;Miao Song,&nbsp;Qiuyan Yi,&nbsp;Shangren Zeng,&nbsp;Hang Luo,&nbsp;Dou Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving outstanding piezoelectric catalytic performance is of significant importance in the fields of environmental remediation and energy conversion. Currently, the primary strategies for modulating piezoelectric catalytic performance focus on composition optimization and microstructural morphology design, yet the performance metrics (typically characterized by the piezoelectric catalytic constant k) generally remain relatively low (k ∼ 100 ×10⁻³ min⁻¹). In this work, we propose a multiscale strategy involving synergistic regulation of phase engineering, atomic-scale polarization heterogeneity, and grain morphology. In an Sb-doped 0.958(K,Na)NbO₃-0.04(Bi,Na)ZrO₃-0.002BiFeO₃ (i.e.,0.958 K_0.45Na_0.55Nb_0.96Sb_0.04O₃-0.04Bi_0.5K_0.5ZrO₃-0.002BiFeO₃)(Sb-doped KNN-BKZ-BFO) system, we successfully achieved an ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃ ∼ 610 pC/N), high remnant polarization (<em>P</em>_r ∼ 23 μC/cm²), and moderate dielectric constant (<em>ε</em>_r ∼ 3000). In the degradation of Rhodamine B dye, this material exhibited exceptional piezoelectric catalytic activity (k = 283.16 ×10⁻³ min⁻¹), surpassing most reported lead-free piezoelectric catalysts. Multiscale structural characterization confirmed that the remarkable performance enhancement stems from two key factors: (1) the Sb doping-induced room-temperature R-O-T multiphase coexistence structure and enhanced atomic-scale polarization rotation, and (2) the larger grain size achieved through thermal management, which synergistically improves the piezoelectric coefficient and remnant polarization, thereby facilitating high piezoelectric potential and catalytic performance. This strategy is expected to provide important insights for developing next-generation high-performance lead-free piezoelectric catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111640"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold air quench control of local crystallization environment in fully air-processed carbon-based perovskite solar cells","authors":"Christopher Picart ,&nbsp;Kausar Ali Khawaja ,&nbsp;Zikun Cao ,&nbsp;Yizhao Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Gu ,&nbsp;Jacob Wall ,&nbsp;Lin Li ,&nbsp;He Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) present a low-cost route to efficient photovoltaic technology. Gas quenching is an essential process commonly used for solvent extraction in scalable module fabrication using solution processes, but film quality remains highly sensitive to the localized environmental processing temperature, especially during intermediate phase transitions before perovskite film high temperature annealing. In this study, we introduce a cold air quench strategy to precisely control the local crystallization temperature that simultaneously promotes uniform crystallization and facilitates strain relaxation in fully air-processed C-PSCs. It is found that implementing dry air at 10 °C as the quenching gas yields a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.52 %, with preferential (110) orientation and reduced, homogenized in-plane strain. This newly developed technique of a cost-effective low temperature air quenching process also enhances carrier lifetime, reduces interface recombination, and improves charge extraction. Therefore, this work presents cold air quenching as a scalable, economic method to control perovskite crystallization and strain in C-PSC fabrication, advancing the industrial viability of high-performance perovskite modules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111647"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145718442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural cellulose-based flexible recyclable multifunctional sensor","authors":"Fei-Hong Bao ,&nbsp;Hang-Yu Qian ,&nbsp;Yan-Yuan Ba ,&nbsp;Peng Huang ,&nbsp;Yi-Lin Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Sheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and the improvement of personal health awareness, flexible sensors play an irreplaceable role in heart rate detection, respiration monitoring, and many other healthcare applications. To meet the requirement of the high utilization rate of spaces and low cost at the same time, increasing attention has been focused on the multifunctional flexible sensors. However, certain issues of the traditional flexible sensors based on artificial polymers such as complex manufacturing processes, use of toxic reagents and inability to recycle limit their popularity for daily consumption scenarios. Herein, we proposed an easily recyclable multifunctional sensor fabricated from the natural cellulose-based flexible piezoelectric (NCFP) composite film. This NCFP film combines the moisture sensitivity of natural cellulose, piezoelectric effect and variable permittivity of barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticles, exhibiting advantageous performance in terms of pressure, temperature and humidity sensing response. Meanwhile, after five recycling processes, NCFP film remains at a high level of consistency. Furthermore, the multifunctional sensor based on NCFP film was successfully applied for finger pressure detection, finger temperature detection and respiration monitoring. Consequently, the findings are promising for flexible, low-cost and sustainable multifunctional wearable devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111669"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced thermal safety and efficiency of battery modules using functional phase change composites","authors":"Shuheng Liang ,&nbsp;Zhubin Yao ,&nbsp;Mingyi Li ,&nbsp;Zhenghui Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Yang ,&nbsp;Jingwen Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase change materials (PCMs) are widely used in battery thermal management (BTM) systems due to their high latent heat and passive cooling capabilities. However, conventional organic PCMs suffer from high flammability, leakage risks, and compromised thermal performance due to the addition of excessive flame retardants. In this study, an advanced functional polymeric (FP) framework with aliphatic side chains is developed to address these challenges. Benefiting from the extra latent heat of the FP framework, the designed composite PCM (CPCM) not only retains a high latent heat (106.3 J·g⁻¹) despite a low PCM proportion (28 wt%), but also exhibits excellent leakage resistance and enhanced flame retardancy. The crosslinking structure of FP enables the proposed CPCM to achieve superior thermal flexibility, mechanical properties, and reduced dripping behavior compared to the classical epoxy-based CPCMs. Additionally, the synergistic flame-retardant mechanism of triphenyl phosphate and melamine plays a key role in char layer formation and gas-phase flame inhibition, significantly improving fire safety. This innovative design provides a promising multi-functional solution for battery thermal management and offers new insights into the development of high-performance flame-retardant PCMs for broader applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111671"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initiatorless solar photopolymerization of biodegradable eutectogels with anti-freezing and self-healing properties for recyclable energy-harvesting and human-computer interface","authors":"Kai Xue ,&nbsp;Jifei Zhang ,&nbsp;Sanwei Hao ,&nbsp;Jun Yang ,&nbsp;Bobo Cao ,&nbsp;Jialong Wen ,&nbsp;Wenfeng Ren ,&nbsp;Bing Wang ,&nbsp;Changyou Shao ,&nbsp;Runcang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogel-based flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have garnered increasing attention due to the combined merits of high transparency, stretchability, and adjustable ionic conductivity. However, the inferior low-temperature tolerance and the non-biodegradability of the most conductive gel materials limit applications in extreme environment and result in adverse electronic waste. Herein, we report a binary-component composite eutectogel by direct solar-initiated in situ photopolymerization within bacterial cellulose (BC) template without cross-linker, yielding desirable anti-freezing, self-healing, and degradable gel electrode for the applications of self-powered TENG in energy harvesting and human-computer interaction. The composite eutectogels exhibited high mechanical strength (12.37 MPa), toughness (38.19 MJ⁻³), transparency (90 %), conductivity (0.049 mS/cm), wide temperature tolerance (-40–60 °C), and excellent biodegradability (within 8 h). Notably, the eutectogels-assembled TENG exhibits remarkable performance in terms of open-circuit voltage (275 V), short-circuit current (1.8 µA), power density reaching high levels (165 mW/m²), and stable electrical output (Cycling 6000 times). The eutectogels-assembled TENG can be utilized for energy harvesting to power commercial electronics and served as a self-powered sensor for real-time human motion monitoring. As proof of concept, we present a compelling demonstration showcasing the potential application of TENGs as self-powered pianos for human-computer interaction, providing an elegant and sustainable new perspective to design eco-friendly and flexible electronics with superior environment adaptability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111662"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triboelectric nanogenerators for civil infrastructure towards sustainability and intelligence","authors":"Xiaowei Zhang ,&nbsp;Han Wang ,&nbsp;Yanchun Miao ,&nbsp;Qiao Wang ,&nbsp;Yali Li ,&nbsp;Hengyu Li ,&nbsp;Tinghai Cheng ,&nbsp;Zeyu Lu ,&nbsp;Jinyang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the era of Construction Industry 4.0, the evolution of civil infrastructure towards sustainability and intelligence imposes higher demands on sustainable energy supply and autonomous perception. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), emerging as a transformative energy conversion technology leveraging contact electrification effects, demonstrate dual capabilities in ambient energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. This synergistic functionality positions TENGs as a pivotal catalyst for achieving carbon-neutral operations and digital transformation in civil infrastructure. This review comprehensively analyzes sustainability-driven advancements and intelligence-boosted application paradigms of TENGs technology within cement-based infrastructure, addressing critical challenges in next-generation smart construction development. Firstly, fundamental principles and advantages of TENGs are elucidated. Secondly, the integration strategies of TENGs into cementitious materials to develop cement-based TENGs composites are analyzed in terms of materials modification and performance enhancement. Subsequently, TENGs implementations across two major domains, including residential buildings and transportation infrastructure, are examined. Finally, a dedicated discussion addresses current challenges and future directions for TENGs deployment in next-generation infrastructure networks. In conclusion, the present review aims to establish TENGs technology as a cornerstone for civil engineering innovations, and serves as a strategic guide to advance sustainable and intelligent building and infrastructure with energy harvesting and self-powered sensing capacities through nanogenerator integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111680"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145845057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of deformable aqueous Li-ion batteries enabled by water-in-salt-based hydrogel electrolytes","authors":"Ziting Tian ,&nbsp;Peisheng He ,&nbsp;Anju Toor","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for safe, deformable, and high-performance energy storage systems, driven by advances in wearable electronics, soft robotics, and biomedical devices, has brought deformable aqueous lithium-ion batteries (ALIBs) into focus. Water as the electrolyte solvent imparts ALIBs with intrinsic safety and higher moisture tolerance than conventional organic-electrolyte LIBs, enabling the use of stretchable and deformable packaging that is generally non-hermetic. However, their electrochemical performance is fundamentally constrained by the narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW) of water, which limits the achievable cell voltage and energy density. Recent progress in water-in-salt electrolytes (WiSEs) and their hydrogel-based derivatives (WiS-HGEs) presents a promising strategy to overcome these challenges. Due to the high salt concentration involved, WiSEs suppress the reactivity of water, thereby broadening the ESW. WiS-HGEs offer enhanced mechanical robustness to support the deformability of ALIBs, where the hydrogel serves as both the electrolyte and a stretchable separator, preventing electrolyte leakage and maintaining ionic conductivity under mechanical deformation. This article reviews the latest advancements in deformable ALIBs enabled by WiS-HGE systems, with a focus on how salt selection, electrolyte composition, and polymer matrix collectively influence electrochemical performance. Perspectives on current challenges and future directions are discussed in the last section, highlighting material design strategies, interfacial engineering approaches, and component-level innovations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111617"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145600075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water-resistant hybrid perovskite solar cell - drop triboelectric energy harvester","authors":"Fernando Núñez-Gálvez ,&nbsp;Xabier García-Casas ,&nbsp;Lidia Contreras-Bernal ,&nbsp;Alejandro Descalzo ,&nbsp;José Manuel Obrero-Pérez ,&nbsp;Javier Castillo-Seoane ,&nbsp;Antonio Ginés ,&nbsp;Gildas Leger ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Sánchez-Lopez ,&nbsp;Juan Pedro Espinós ,&nbsp;Ángel Barranco ,&nbsp;Ana Borrás ,&nbsp;Juan Ramón Sánchez-Valencia ,&nbsp;Carmen López-Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid energy-harvesting systems that combine perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with drop-driven triboelectric nanogenerators (<span>D</span>-TENGs) offer a compelling solution for continuous power generation under diverse weather conditions. Yet, the inherent vulnerability of halide perovskites to moisture and environmental stressors remains a critical barrier to their widespread deployment. To overcome this bottleneck, we introduce plasma-deposited fluorinated polymers (CFₓ) films as multifunctional encapsulation layers that simultaneously provide water resistance, triboelectric functionality, and optical transparency (&gt;90 %). Plasma deposition enables conformal, room temperature, and solvent-free coating of complex surfaces, ensuring uniform protection without compromising photovoltaic performance. After encapsulation of PSCs with CF_x films, power conversion efficiency remained virtually unchanged, and champion cells preserved a PCE of 17.9 %. More importantly, the devices exhibited high environmental stability, retaining over 50 % of their initial PCE for 10 days under high humidity and temperature. Furthermore, CF_x layers enabled Spiro-OMeTAD compatibility with commercial UV-curable resins, leading to a thin-film hybrid PSC/<span>D</span>-TENG device capable of simultaneous solar and rain energy harvesting. This device maintained 80 % of its initial performance after 300 h of continuous illumination under humid conditions and demonstrated stability under continuous dripping and illumination for more than 5 h. We demonstrated that optimizing the chemical composition of CF_x layers significantly enhances their triboelectric performance. In standalone operation, the optimized CFₓ-based <span>D</span>-TENG, enriched with 36.4 % of (CF₂ + CF₃) functional species, delivered open-circuit voltage peaks up to 110 V and a maximum power density of ∼4 mW/cm² under rainwater droplets, while retaining over 85 % of its initial output after more than 17,000 droplet impacts. As a proof of concept, using the same CF_x layer for both encapsulation and triboelectric functionality, the hybrid PSC/<span>D</span>-TENG device achieved short-circuit current densities of 11.6 mA/cm² under 0.5 sun illumination and peak voltages of 12 V per raindrop, enabling simultaneous solar and rain energy harvesting. A self-charging prototype powered LED arrays via a custom boost converter, demonstrating practical multisource energy harvesting for low-power electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111678"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145824011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}