Nano Energy最新文献

{"title":"The role of oxygen vacancies: Triggering lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism in acidic OER","authors":"Qiang Fu ,&nbsp;Lok Wing Wong ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Zheng ,&nbsp;Chi Shing Tsang ,&nbsp;Honglin Chen ,&nbsp;Wenqian Shen ,&nbsp;Tao Ling ,&nbsp;Thuc Hue Ly ,&nbsp;Qingming Deng ,&nbsp;Jiong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rational design of highly efficient, acid-stable electrodes for oxygen production is crucial in the development of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers. Spinel oxides have recently been discovered as effective catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), owing to their moderate adsorption energy of reaction intermediates. In this study, we present our findings that the incorporation of oxygen vacancies (O_V) into spinel oxides could enable a switch from the inefficient adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) to the highly efficient lattice-oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM) for OER. We show that oxygen vacancies promote OER mechanism transitions in oxide electrocatalysts while maintaining stable catalytic performance. These results provide important insight into the role of elemental doping in regulating reaction pathways under acidic conditions. The representative Mn/Ru-Co₃O₄ catalyst can reach an impressive low overpotential of 230 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm⁻², which is ∼ 48 % lower than the pristine Co₃O₄. Theoretical calculations reveal O_V around the active sites could lower the energy barrier in the rate-determining step and prevent the formation of *OOH species. As a result, this process disrupts the scaling relationship observed in traditional AEM mechanisms, leading to a substantial enhancement in overall catalytic activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 111731"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorination-driven high-voltage-tolerant gel polymer electrolyte for synergistically stabilized interfaces and enhanced ion kinetics in solid-state potassium-ion batteries","authors":"Huize Yang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Yong Zhu ,&nbsp;Yaxue Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Wu ,&nbsp;Jichao Hong ,&nbsp;Shuqiang Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rechargeable potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are considered to be one of the most low-cost and high-energy density energy storage systems. However, it is difficult to achieve long-life and high-safety PIBs due to the excessive growth of potassium dendrites and high flammability of liquid electrolytes. To address these issues, we design a high-voltage-tolerant and ion-kinetics-enhanced gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) driven by fluorination for high-performance solid-state potassium-ion batteries (SSPIBs). The electrolyte enables uniformly distributed, inorganic-rich and highly ionic conductive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) by the sluggish decomposition of FEC and TFSI^--FEC. Significantly, the weak interactions of K⁺-FEC and strong interactions of TFSI^--FEC guarantee fast K⁺ migration. Consequently, both a high ionic conductivity (1.74 ×10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹) and a high ion transference number (0.91) are achieved. The assembled K|FEC-GPE|PB batteries with a Prussian blue cathode, capable of stable operation at a high voltage of 4.5 V, can deliver a high capacity (100 mAh g⁻¹) and a long cycling life (2000 cycles). This study demonstrates that the fluorination-driven gel polymer electrolyte facilitates to realize high-energy SSPIBs through interface chemistry regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 111704"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145955480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering calcium-doped Na3SbS4 with enhanced ion transport and interfacial compatibility for all-solid-state sodium-sulfur batteries","authors":"Yi Tang ,&nbsp;Shoumeng Yang ,&nbsp;Congcong Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Yao ,&nbsp;Zhijun Wu ,&nbsp;Wubin Du ,&nbsp;Hongge Pan ,&nbsp;Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Xianhong Rui ,&nbsp;Yan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>All-solid-state Na-S batteries (ASSNSBs) are promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage owing to their high energy density and intrinsic safety. However, the practical utilization of Na₃SbS₄ (NSS) as a solid electrolyte is hindered by its limited intrinsic Na⁺ transport capability. Drawing on insights from first-principles analysis of aliovalent doping and vacancy formation, we design and synthesize Ca-doped NSS electrolytes with enhanced ionic conductivity and improved compatibility with Na₃Sn alloy anodes. The optimized Na_2.9Ca_0.05SbS₄ (NCSS-0.05) achieves a room-temperature ionic conductivity of 0.51 mS cm⁻¹ and a reduced activation energy of 0.237 eV, alongside highly stable symmetric cell cycling for over 400 h. When incorporated into ASSNSBs, NCSS-0.05 enables an initial discharge capacity of 1601 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.17 A g⁻¹ and maintains 97.2 % capacity retention over 250 cycles at 0.5 A g⁻¹. Moreover, the Ca-modified electrolyte exhibits strong compatibility with various sulfide-based cathodes, including TiS₂ and VS₂, further demonstrating its broad applicability. These results establish a robust aliovalent-doping strategy for engineering fast-ion-conducting sulfide solid electrolytes and advancing high-performance all-solid-state sodium battery technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 111736"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the role of oxygen functional groups in inducing the spatial distribution of the cathode–electrolyte interphase in room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries","authors":"Kai Zhang,&nbsp;Feng Gong,&nbsp;Zongqi Chen,&nbsp;Shaohuan Hong,&nbsp;Tengfei Zheng,&nbsp;Shenglin Liu,&nbsp;Rui Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precise control over battery interphase formation is critical yet challenging, since its compositional and spatial characteristics dictate cyclability and fast-charging performance. Compared to the anode interphase, revealing and engineering the cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI), which is rooted in the electrode surface chemistry, has received less attention. Herein, we employ biomass-derived porous carbon as the platform with tailorable oxygen-containing functional groups to control the CEI formation on the carbon-sulfur cathode. The results demonstrate that oxygen functional groups suppress the excessive localized growth of inorganic phases and promote the formation of a dense and uniform inorganic–organic hybrid CEI. This microstructurally engineered interphase not only effectively inhibits the polysulfide dissolution but also markedly enhances Na⁺ transport. By adopting the oxygen-rich surface engineering strategy, the room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries deliver outstanding cycling stability with a capacity of 694.2 mAh g⁻¹ after 500 cycles and exhibit excellent rate performance. This study establishes a clear correlation between surface chemistry and CEI microstructure and provides fundamental guidance for the rational design of advanced electrodes for metal–sulfur batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 111730"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery technology for waste plastics based on electrocatalytic reforming: From mechanism understanding to catalyst design","authors":"Xu Liu ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongxiang Ma ,&nbsp;Tong Cui ,&nbsp;Jingqi Chi ,&nbsp;Xiaobin Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continued accumulation of waste polyester plastic poses a serious global environmental challenge. Conventional landfills and incinerators release hazardous substances and greenhouse gases that contribute to environmental degradation. Electrocatalytic upcycling technologies provide a promising solution to plastic waste by transforming discarded polymers into high-value chemicals. This approach features mild reaction conditions, high conversion efficiency, and excellent product selectivity. Catalyst design is crucial for achieving high efficiency and selectivity in electrocatalytic upcycling. This review first outlines and analyzes the technical advantages and limitations of current recycling and upcycling technologies for plastic waste. Next, it focuses on electrocatalytic upcycling strategies for various types of plastic waste, examining their respective reaction mechanisms during conversion. Additionally, it systematically elucidates the relationship between the structure of electrocatalysts and their performance in upcycling plastic waste. The review also examines future challenges and prospects for waste plastic upcycling catalysts. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of electrocatalytic plastic waste upcycling, as well as the theoretical basis and potential pathways for designing efficient electrocatalysts that can effectively convert plastic waste into valuable products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 111719"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering d-band center of MnO2 to promote semi-ionic C-F bonding for high-rate Li-CFx batteries","authors":"Mengyao Li ,&nbsp;Xifei Li ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Ruixian Duan ,&nbsp;Xuexia Song ,&nbsp;Guiqiang Cao ,&nbsp;Junqian Liu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Wang ,&nbsp;Wenbin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium/carbon fluoride (Li/CF_x) primary batteries suffer from severe voltage hysteresis and rapid capacity degradation at high current densities, presenting significant challenges for achieving superior rate performance. This work proposes a modification strategy for fabricating an amorphous MnO₂-anchored CF composite cathode via rapid in-situ reduction. The amorphous MnO₂ provides abundant active sites and diffusion channels on the CF substrate surface, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the conversion reaction. Compared with CF and c-MnO₂@CF, a-MnO₂@CF-2 exhibits enhanced electrical conductivity, effectively mitigating voltage hysteresis and delivering superior electrochemical performance under high-rate discharge conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that a-MnO₂@CF-2 achieves a maximum energy density of 2.05 × 10³ Wh kg⁻¹ at 0.1 C. Compared with pristine CF, the discharge rate performance improves from 2 C to 15 C, while the power density increases from 3.11 kW kg⁻¹ to 27.9 kW kg⁻¹. Ex situ XPS and XRD analyses reveal an “in situ electrochemical activation” mechanism: a-MnO₂ preferentially undergoes lithiation at 2.5 V to form highly conductive Li_XMnO₂ networks, which reduce interfacial resistance and activate CF discharge at elevated potentials (&gt;2.5 V). DRT analysis reveals that the abundant surface defects of amorphous MnO₂ facilitate the Li⁺ transport pathways. Additionally, theoretical calculations reveal that, compared with c-MnO₂@CF, the d orbital of Mn in a-MnO₂@CF is closer to the Fermi level. This shift leads to greater electron transfer from MnO₂, to CF, and consequently reduces the overlap between C and F <em>p</em>-orbitals in the CF component of the composite. This reduction in orbital overlap weakens C-F <em>p-p</em> orbital hybridization, thereby enhancing the semi-ionic character of the C-F bonds. This work demonstrates a highly feasible chemical modification strategy for constructing composite cathodes, enabling significant performance improvements in Li/CF_X primary batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 111725"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced radiative cooling with dual efficiency stacking for sensitive weather issues","authors":"Yunfei Bai ,&nbsp;Rui Tian ,&nbsp;Qi Liang ,&nbsp;Ruocan Shen ,&nbsp;Miao Zhang ,&nbsp;Haojie Song","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2026.111699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiative cooling (RC) offers a sustainable strategy for reducing energy consumption, yet its practical employment remains hindered by weather diversity. In particular, moisture-induced radiation suppression, stemming from the strong absorption of mid-infrared photons by interfacial water, severely compromises cooling performance under humid conditions. Herein, we report a novel stratified bilayer architecture that integrates RC with an evaporative cooling (EC) through the physical isolation of a hygroscopic hydrogel beneath a radiative PTFE/PET surface. This cooler harmonizes advanced radiative cooling with evaporative cooling performance. The hydrophobic PTFE/PET interface enables efficient vapor escape while maintaining unobstructed infrared emission, thereby fundamentally mitigating water-induced suppression. Benefitting from this design, the cooler achieves a high solar reflectivity of 0.95, an emissivity of 0.97 and water absorption of 2.5 g g⁻¹ with a thermal mass release of 31 %. The synergistic contribution of the porous framework and hygroscopic adsorbent further delivers a water absorption and cooling capacity of 50 kg m⁻³. Compared with conventional RC devices, the bilayer cooler exhibits stable and long-lasting cooling, maintaining temperatures up to 5 °C lower than RC counterparts over continuous three-day testing. This work provides a reliable and scalable cooling strategy that effectively couples radiative and evaporative pathways while offering environmentally benign features, highlighting its promise for scalable, environmentally benign cooling technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"149 ","pages":"Article 111699"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of relative orientation between electrospun fibre mats in triboelectric nanogenerators","authors":"Dumindu G. Dassanayaka ,&nbsp;Nandish Hosadoddi Srikantamurthy ,&nbsp;Jianjin Ruan ,&nbsp;Xavier Mulet ,&nbsp;Amgad R. Rezk ,&nbsp;Peter C. Sherrell","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrospun triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are exemplar devices for small scale electromechanical conversion towards powering small electronics and bespoke sensing applications. TENGs function via contact electrification (CE) between two dissimilar surfaces. Electrospinning enhances electromechanical conversion in TENGs by creating deformable, porous, mats with many contact sites for CE to occur. Within an electrospun mat, fibre alignment is widely recognized to influence charge generation, however, the role of the relative orientation between aligned fibre mats assembled into a TENG device remains unexplored. Here, we report a systematic study of orientation-dependent triboelectric output using electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibres. Same-material contact electrification was used such that fibre-mat orientation change was decoupled from other CE effects, including chemical heterogeneities and dielectric constant variation. Systematic rotation of two aligned fibre mats revealed a direct dependence of output on relative orientation, with the highest response at parallel alignment (0⁰) and the lowest at orthogonal alignment (90⁰) imparting an electrical performance enhancement of up to 55 %. A device made from optimized relative fibre orientation exhibited a V_OC of 419 V, I_SC of 407 nA, and a power density of 2.35 W m⁻², which is approximately 150 % of output enhancement compared to similar devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111684"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145920632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal-electrical dual management for efficient and stable wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells","authors":"Jiangjingzi Feng ,&nbsp;Benlin He ,&nbsp;Zhe Yang ,&nbsp;Jia Li ,&nbsp;Minghao Zhang ,&nbsp;Bangbang Yang ,&nbsp;Zhenwei Wu ,&nbsp;Haiyan Chen ,&nbsp;Jialong Duan ,&nbsp;Qunwei Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are critically dependent on the robust charge transport and thermal dissipation within the perovskite film. Here, a high-quality perovskite film with thermal and electrical conductivity dual enhancement are successfully constructed by using the self-synthesized conductive and thermally conductive self-healing supramolecular ionic polymer/hydroxylated boron nitride quantum dots (SMIP/h-BNQDs) additives to fabricate high-performance carbon-based PSCs without hole transport layer (HTL). Theoretical and experimental results indicate that the introduction of highly thermally conductive SMIP/h-BNQDs additives not only delays the crystallization process and passivates defects of perovskite film through the strong interactions of coordination and hydrogen bonds formed between them and perovskite components for improved film quality, but also accelerates heat transfer and dissipation within the perovskite film, thereby reducing the device operating temperature. The electrical conductivity of the perovskite film is also enhanced due to the incorporation of conductive SMIP/h-BNQDs, which facilitates charge transport. Moreover, the introduction of the self-healing SMIP/h-BNQDs additives significantly releases the residual tensile strain and suppresses the phase separation of the wind-bandgap perovskite film, endowing it with self-repair capability under mild thermal treatment. Consequently, the carbon-based HTL-free wide-bandgap PSCs fabricated in ambient air achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 17.49 % and excellent operational stability under continuous illumination. The optimal device maintains 84.8 % of the initial efficiency after being stored for 432 h under air conditions of 25 °C and 25 % relative humidity, and the efficiency is restored to 93.4 % of the initial value after thermal treatment at 60 °C, demonstrating outstanding stability and self-healing performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111696"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-dimensional regulation toward FAPbI3 crystal growth layer and passivation defects for efficient perovskite solar cells","authors":"Shiyu Jiang ,&nbsp;Zijing Chen ,&nbsp;Xiangjin Du ,&nbsp;Chunjie Huang ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Chengyu Tan ,&nbsp;Yuqi Cui ,&nbsp;Xinru Qin ,&nbsp;Hongkun Wei ,&nbsp;Jiangjian Shi ,&nbsp;Huijue Wu ,&nbsp;Yanhong Luo ,&nbsp;Yiming Li ,&nbsp;Dongmei Li ,&nbsp;Qingbo Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.111693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Targeting at high quality FAPbI₃ films and efficient FAPbI₃ perovskite solar cells, simultaneously regulating perovskite crystal growth and passivating defects from the bulk and interfaces are particularly important. In this respect, we designed two imidazolium-based additives (ImXBr-BF₄, X = 8, 12) with different bromoalkyl chain length for n-i-p typed PSCs. Based on experimental and theoretical calculation, Im8Br-BF₄ with its optimal chain length enables the formation of ordered layered 2D perovskite. Further investigation revealed that, to the Im8Br-BF₄ treated PSCs, as-formed 2D perovskite ((Im8Br)₂PbI₄) mainly at grain boundaries, can well passivate lead-related defects, in the meantime, the Br^- from bromoalkyl group also passivated iodide vacancies in the bulk. Besides, the BF₄^- anions were contributed to partial interfacial passivation toward the buried interface. Consequently, devices with Im8Br-BF₄ presented the 26.2 % PCE (0.076 cm²), outperforming those devices with Im12Br-BF₄. And the devices also exhibited exceptional humidity stability, retaining &gt; 90 % of its initial efficiency after 1000 h at 60 °C/60 %RH without encapsulation. Our multi-dimensional passivation strategy provided a simple and feasible way to enhance the device performance of PSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 111693"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145895330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}