Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials最新文献

{"title":"Morphology features of β-Ga2O3 bulk crystals by EFG and CZ methods: A review","authors":"Mujie Xu ,&nbsp;Zining Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Zhihong Yu ,&nbsp;Zhenhao Sun ,&nbsp;Bo Fu ,&nbsp;Yujun Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2024.100658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2024.100658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-quality crystals commonly exhibit regular morphology features and symmetries related to their crystal structures. The recognition of morphology features, especially on the shoulder morphology, will provide crucial guidance for the crystal growth and quality control. Here, the morphology features of <em>β</em>-Ga₂O₃ bulk crystals were discussed from three aspects of growth technology, orientation of seed crystal as well as pulling and rotation rates. Combined with the theoretical morphology of <em>β</em>-Ga₂O₃ crystal, the morphology features of <em>β</em>-Ga₂O₃ bulk crystals under different growth conditions were illuminated and summarized. The hexagonal seed crystal was also demonstrated, and more suitable for the growth of <em>β</em>-Ga₂O₃ bulk crystals with different principle surfaces by EFG method. The first review in the morphology features will become an important reference for future research on the growth of <em>β</em>-Ga₂O₃ bulk crystals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"71 1","pages":"Article 100658"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metastable zone width of different solute-solvent systems during cooling crystallization: Experimental observations and their interpretation","authors":"Keshra Sangwal,&nbsp;Wiesław Z. Polak","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2024.100657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2024.100657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experimental observations of metastable zone width (MSZW) of various solute−solvent systems obtained by cooling crystallization at controlled rates <em>R</em>_L are reviewed and interpreted from the standpoint of deterministic theoretical models based on the classical three-dimensional (3D) nucleation theory containing two nucleation parameters: effective solid−solvent interfacial energy <em>γ</em>_eff and preexponential factor <em>A</em> for nucleation. After a brief introduction to the parameters <em>F</em> and <em>F</em>₁ of the models in terms of nucleation parameters of the classical nucleation theory and the effects of additives contained in the solution on the nucleation parameters <em>A</em> and <em>γ</em>_eff, typical experimental data of MSZW for selected solute−solvent systems are described and discussed according to the models to observe general trends of variations of <em>γ</em>_eff and <em>A</em> as functions of solution saturation temperature <em>T</em>₀ and concentration <em>c</em>_i of additives contained in the saturated solutions of different systems. Thereafter the observed general trends of variations of <em>γ</em>_eff and <em>A</em> as functions of solution saturation temperature <em>T</em>₀, solvent and concentration <em>c</em>_i of additives contained in the saturated solutions of different systems are discussed. The dimensions of 3D nuclei formed during MSZW of different systems and the limitations and applicability of deterministic models in crystallization processes are then presented and discussed. Finally, a summary of the contents of the review is given.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"71 1","pages":"Article 100657"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dr Narsingh Singh is retiring from the board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2024.100647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2024.100647","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"70 4","pages":"Article 100647"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel enhancing materials for biosensor design: The case studies of erbium-, gadolinium- and strontium-doped Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 hydroxyapatite","authors":"Viviana Scognamiglio ,&nbsp;Valeria Nocerino ,&nbsp;Bruno Miranda ,&nbsp;Luca De Stefano ,&nbsp;Emanuela Tempesta ,&nbsp;Manuela Rossi ,&nbsp;Francesco Baldassarre ,&nbsp;Angela Altomare ,&nbsp;Francesco Capitelli","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2024.100637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2024.100637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydroxyapatite (HAp), ideal formula Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂, has unique physicochemical properties, including an excellent adsorption ability for functional biomolecules (e.g. nucleic acids, proteins) thanks to its specific large crystal surface. This property can be further improved with cationic and anionic replacements within the HAp framework. The adsorption of such biomolecules, indeed, can cause changes in the electric properties of the HAp surface in terms of resistivity and capacitance, generating the conditions for an improvement of the materials targeted for sensor applications. This work relates to the multiple routes for the synthesis of HAp materials, their electrochemical and structural investigations, and a short overview on the most well-known applications in sensor design. Moreover, with the aim of finding new promising HAp-based materials tailored for bioreceptor immobilization in biosensing, we underwent some doped-hydroxyapatite materials, specifically Sr-HAp, Gd-HAp, and Er-HAp, to a complete characterization. Electrochemical analyses, based on differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry, evidenced improved analytical performances of HAp in terms of signal enhancement, repeatability, reproducibility, and reusability, in particular concerning the Er-HAp phase. A multi-methodological structural study, based on powder X-ray diffraction analysis, microscopy techniques (optical, electron, and fluorescence), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (for chemical analyses), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and absorption/fluorescence spectroscopies, showed the mechanism of doping replacement in HAp crystallographic sites, owing to the results of the Rietveld refinement from powder X-ray data, and a strong fluorescence for Sr-HAp.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"70 4","pages":"Article 100637"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrospray crystallization: A review on submicrometric and nanosized crystal synthesis","authors":"Angelo Oliveira Silva,&nbsp;Alessandro Rogério Paulazzi,&nbsp;Karina Luzia Andrade,&nbsp;Ricardo Antonio Francisco Machado,&nbsp;Cintia Marangoni,&nbsp;Dachamir Hotza","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2024.100636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2024.100636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review presents a comprehensive discussion of the electrospray crystallization process, which represents a combination of electrospraying and crystallization through solvent evaporation, offering an efficient and cost-effective approach for the synthesis of submicrometric and nanosized crystals. Electrospray crystallization has demonstrated a multitude of advantages, including the generation of smaller crystals, enhanced dispersion, and the creation of diverse product morphologies, such as planar and cubic tetragonal structures. These benefits surpass those of conventional electrospraying methods and traditional crystallization mechanisms. This review also provides a historical context of works and highlights the wide array of potential applications. It explores the mechanisms and fundamental concepts related to both electrospraying and crystallization processes. Moreover, it presents an experimental process development proposal, with the aim of charting a course for future applications of advanced crystals, including drug delivery, catalysis, and energy storage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"70 3","pages":"Article 100636"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141607279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defect selective photoetching of GaN: Progress, applications and prospects","authors":"J.L. Weyher ,&nbsp;J.J. Kelly","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2024.100623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2024.100623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Defect-selective etching methods are commonly used for a quick assessment of crystallographic and chemical inhomogeneities in various semiconductors, including nitrides. Because of the stability of GaN, \"extreme\" etchants such as molten bases and hot phosphoric/sulfuric acids are required for chemical etching. Photoetching provided an alternative and attractive path for room temperature etching of GaN. In this comprehensive review the introduction and subsequent modification of the photoetching method used for revealing defects and inhomogeneities in GaN are described in detail. The initial etchant, a KOH-based aqueous solution, was subsequently modified by addition of potassium peroxydisulphate (K₂S₂O₈), and later trisodium phosphate (Na₃PO₄) was added. The mechanism of photoetching in these solutions is presented and the advantages of using two- and three-component solutions are considered. This mechanism is based on generation of charge carriers (electrons and holes) by illumination of GaN with supra-bandgap light and was named photo-electrochemical (PEC) method. A correlation has been established between the carrier concentration in n-type GaN and the photoetch rate. A model is outlined that allows interpretation of large differences in the photoetch rate of inhomogeneous samples. Numerous examples of defects revealed by photoetching of GaN bulk crystals and homo- or hetero-epitaxial layers are described. The corresponding models for the formation of etch features are discussed and the results are compared with those obtained from other structural methods used for analysis of novel defects found in ammonothermally grown GaN crystals. The range of defects revealed by photoetching in GaN includes dislocations, inversion domains, nano-pipes, nano-scale and extended inhomogeneities. The importance of using photoetching for analysis of potentially new types of defect in recently grown ammonothermally GaN bulk crystals is emphasized. Future prospects of the PEC method for analysis of defects are considered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"70 2","pages":"Article 100623"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140823712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The equation of the origin of life in the Universe (Part II): The combination of chemical elements does not determine the emergence of life on Earth","authors":"Mayra Cuéllar-Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2024.100625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2024.100625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The origin of life has been marked by existing chemical, physical and atmospheric conditions in the primeval era of Earth. In this sense, experiments have been carried out that emulate the conditions of the Precambrian era, where organic blocks such as amino acids, sugars, organic compounds and O₂ have been synthesized from the elements of this condition. Nevertheless, even while these results have been disruptive, allowing a significant advance in the origin of life, no functional biomolecules have been synthesized. Considering the work done previously, as a starting point and the evidences of the synthesis of biomorphs in the presence of biomolecules, the objective of this study was the synthesis of barium silico-carbonate biomorphs, based on biomolecules in Precambrian conditions. The purpose of this is to identify if it is possible to obtain functional biomolecules. The results showed that the barium biomorphs synthesized in conditions that emulate the primitive era present spherical or circular morphology, with a chemical composition that corresponds to the polymorphs of witherite, goethite and carbonaceous material (CM) such as protein, carbohydrate and phosphate group bonds. However, the synthesis of an active or functional biomolecule was not possible. The results therefore show that to be able to obtain a functional biomolecule that could be considered a sign of life springing from organic and inorganic compounds, it is necessary to involve other factors heretofore not considered. This is due to the fact that chemical elements <em>per se</em>, together with some atmospheric factors that have been described which apparently permitted the formation of the protocell in the primitive era of Earth, are not sufficient to obtain functional biomolecules. In this way, the origin of life may be understood from the equation of life (<em>L</em> = amc²), considering all involved factors and not only the chemical composition of elements that make up various organisms in combination with only some atmospheric factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"70 2","pages":"Article 100625"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The equation of life in the Universe: Biomorphs as reminiscence of the first forms of life","authors":"Mayra Cuéllar-Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2024.100624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2024.100624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since the beginning of humanity, man has generated various theories to explain the formation of the Universe, and the origin of life on Earth. However, even while these theories coincide sometimes, they are also subject to controversy, but it was Albert Einstein who postulated the theory of special and general relativity, in the understanding of the formation and functioning of the Universe. Meanwhile, for decades, experiments have been carried out regarding the origin of life in our planet. While these experiments have made relevant contributions in obtaining essential chemical blocks of life, obtaining a functional biomolecule as authoritative proof of how life began has not been found. This shows that not all variables implicated in the origin of life have been considered. For a better comprehension of the origin of life, the objective of this work was to synthesize calcium carbonate biomorphs in the presence of various biomolecules in atmospheric conditions that emulate the Precambrian era and also in the conditions of our current atmosphere. Our results show that both in the conditions that emulate the Precambrian era and in the current atmosphere, biomorphs show a spherical morphology, which is compatible with life forms. But a functional biomolecule that could indicate a beginning of life was not obtained. For the purpose of explaining the reason for which it has not been possible to obtain a pioneer organism, such as occurred in the primeval era, I have proposed a theory of life in which I have considered the interaction of the various lengths of wave of the electromagnetic spectrum, the magnetic fields of the various atoms, the energy and the physical laws that rule the Universe. The proposed equation for the origin of life (<em>L</em> = amc²) is grounded in the equation of special relativity (<em>E</em> = mc²) and general relativity for the Universe, equations that specify how the local density of matter and energy determine the geometry of space-time. For this aforementioned equation: L represents life, the letter “a” stands for absorption of a specific type of equivalent to the Higgs Boson, “m” corresponds to matter and finally “c” is the light speed. Considering the four factors of space-time-matter-energy that participated in the origin of life in the equation that I propose, the absorption that matter should have been also incorporated, which should be generated based on the Higgs Boson, also known as the particle of God, or perhaps, on another particle equivalent to that of the Higgs. The origin of life therefore fulfills the four factors of space-time-matter-energy in the aforementioned equation <em>L</em> = amc².</p></div>","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"70 2","pages":"Article 100624"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140823711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origins and characterization techniques of stress in SiC crystals: A review","authors":"Jiaqi Tian ,&nbsp;Xuejian Xie ,&nbsp;Laibin Zhao ,&nbsp;Xinglong Wang ,&nbsp;Xiufang Chen ,&nbsp;Xianglong Yang ,&nbsp;Yan Peng ,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Li ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Hu ,&nbsp;Xiangang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2024.100616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2024.100616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising semiconductor material which attracts huge attention due to its wide bandgap, high thermal conductivity and great potential for electronic applications. Residual stress causes defects in crystals that can noticeably decrease the performance of SiC devices. This paper reviews the origins of residual stress and different methods for stress characterization. To begin with, the origins of residual stress during crystal growth and post-processing is introduced. Then, the development of wafer size and quality over the last decade is demonstrated. Identification and characterization of residual stress using different techniques are discussed in detail. Optimizing temperature distribution and post-processing parameters is critical for reducing stress in SiC crystals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"70 1","pages":"Article 100616"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960897424000019/pdfft?md5=505bb59d62ce69c0b8bc5b54429f70f8&pid=1-s2.0-S0960897424000019-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139941593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The formation and stability of 3D and 2D materials","authors":"Mona Layegh,&nbsp;Peng Yan,&nbsp;Joseph W. Bennett","doi":"10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2023.100615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2023.100615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the emergence and popularity of high-performance computers, advances in materials informatics, and improvements in computing architectures and algorithms, the application of modeling in the field of materials science has become increasingly common and affordable. The ability to compute has benefited materials discovery in the last decade alone with many breakthroughs: improved photovoltaics, new functional nanomaterials, more efficient rechargeable batteries, and tailorable catalytic surfaces to name a few. Among various computing tools, first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) have been widely applied to high throughput computational analysis to better understand the formation, properties, and stability of new and existing materials. The advantages of DFT methods are that they are inexpensive, fast, and are capable of capturing nuances at the atomistic scale. Since DFT calculations are performed at 0 K and in vacuum, thermodynamic corrections need to be taken into account to match real world operating conditions in the laboratory and during use. These thermodynamic corrections have been applied for over twenty years and provided valuable guidance to the analysis of surface structure, vacancy formation, and stability across varying gaseous environments. The combination of DFT with experimental corrections significantly expands its flexibility as it can be used to generate stability conditions for specific elements and multi-component solids in water. This literature review will provide a thorough survey of first-principles DFT calculations combined with thermodynamics, as well as their application and research in the design, predicted stability, and characterization of 2D materials, their surfaces, and interfacial surface reactivity. A particular emphasis will be placed on the behavior of 2D materials in aqueous environments, comparing their surface transformation thermodynamics via processes such as ion release and adsorption using the newly created DFT + Solvent Ion Model (DSIM).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":409,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials","volume":"70 1","pages":"Article 100615"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960897423000220/pdfft?md5=a2570dc205df4ac36d7b97d5b756a4b1&pid=1-s2.0-S0960897423000220-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139419322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}