{"title":"Design and mechanism of highly-stability SnO2/g-C3N4 nanohybrid material humidity sensor","authors":"Xiaojun Wang , Peng Li , Shuguo Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a tin oxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>)/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) hybrid humidity sensor enriched with O vacancies (O<sub>v</sub>) and –NH<sub>x</sub> functional groups is successfully developed, exhibiting high stability and low hysteresis. This SnO<sub>2</sub>-loaded organic–inorganic hybrid structure effectively addresses the issue of hydrophilic-material loss in traditional organic polymers under high-humidity conditions, notably enhancing the stability of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. The introduction of O<sub>v</sub> considerably enhances water molecule–adsorption and electron-transfer capabilities, providing more adsorption sites for water molecules and facilitating their decomposition and proton conduction, thereby greatly enhancing the sensor's sensitivity and response speed. The reduction in water contact angle further increases the material's hydrophilicity, enhancing the sensor's response performance. The incorporation of –NH<sub>x</sub> groups effectively shortens the response and recovery times. The SnO<sub>2</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> sensor exhibits remarkable stability, low response/recovery times (9/6 s), and low hysteresis (2.3%) across a relative humidity range of 11%–95%, hence demonstrating its great potential for practical applications. We believe this study not only provides new insights into the application of organic–inorganic hybrid materials in the field of humidity sensing but also establishes a solid theoretical foundation for the development of high-performance humidity sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 9","pages":"Pages 11354-11362"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minxing Chen , Xinru Wang , Xiaosong Zhang , Shuwei Huang , Guanghui Liu , Xiaokai Gong , Baozeng Zhou , Lina Kong , Jianping Xu , Lan Li
{"title":"Ultra-broad mid-infrared emission from Cs2Zn1-x-yErx (Ho/Dy)yCl4 fluoride glasses by lattice distortion for carbon dioxide detection in hydrogen energy","authors":"Minxing Chen , Xinru Wang , Xiaosong Zhang , Shuwei Huang , Guanghui Liu , Xiaokai Gong , Baozeng Zhou , Lina Kong , Jianping Xu , Lan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various impurity gases such as carbon dioxide affect the utilization of hydrogen energy and have certain safety problems. Therefore, It is an environmentally friendly strategy to design ultra-wide mid-infrared glass that can continuously emit and cover a wide spectrum of impurity gases as an infrared fluorescent light source. Here, we successfully achieved efficient broadband mid-infrared emission by doping rare earth ions Er<sup>3+</sup>/Ho<sup>3+</sup>/Dy<sup>3+</sup> in the Cs<sub>2</sub>ZnCl<sub>4</sub> matrix and implanting it in a fluoride glass matrix. The Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of the mid-infrared emission is significantly broadened from 255 nm to 426 nm, showcasing the exceptional thermal stability and underscoring the unique advantages of Cs<sub>2</sub>Zn<sub>1-x-y</sub>Er<sub>x</sub>(Ho/Dy)<sub>y</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub>-ZBLAN lead-free perovskite fluoride glass as a mid-infrared light source. Based on Cs<sub>2</sub>Zn<sub>1-x-y</sub>Er<sub>x</sub>(Ho/Dy)<sub>y</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub>-ZBLAN perovskite fluoride glass, a convenient device for measuring impurity gas in hydrogen was designed. This provides a broad idea for expanding the application range of mid-infrared light sources and gas purity measurement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 9","pages":"Pages 11799-11810"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Lin , Min Xu , Xi Chen , Sixie Chen , Xiang Li , Wenle Yan , Ruixue Zhou , Di Chen
{"title":"Enhancing CO2 reduction via Cu nanocrystals decorated perovskite as cathode for solid oxide electrolysis cells","authors":"Yan Lin , Min Xu , Xi Chen , Sixie Chen , Xiang Li , Wenle Yan , Ruixue Zhou , Di Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) are promising energy conversion devices capable of efficiently converting CO<sub>2</sub> into valuable products taken the advantage of heat and renewable electricity sources. The performance of SOECs is largely influenced by the cathode material, which governs the electrochemical reduction of CO<sub>2</sub>. In this work, we engineered metal-perovskite cathode by pre-depositing Cu nanocrystal onto the surface of La<sub>0.1</sub>Ca<sub>0.9</sub>Fe<sub>0.1</sub>Ti<sub>0.9</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> (LCFT) cathode to well understand the effects of Cu metal nanocrystal in high temperature CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. This Cu nanocrystal deposition on cathode resulted in a significant reduction in polarisation resistance of SOEC by 50 % improved current density from 310 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> to 456 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> at 1.6 V. The cell also exhibits good stability over 100 h without obvious degradation. Extensive structural and chemical analyses indicate the deposited Cu nanocrystal facilitated the formation of oxygen vacancies and metal-oxide interface which should attribute to the enhanced electrochemical performance. This study provides new insights into the role of metal decoration in facilitating the high temperature direct CO<sub>2</sub> electrolysis performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 9","pages":"Pages 11889-11898"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanlin Huang , Xiaolong Yi , Jin Jiang , Weixin Deng , Xin Wang , Kuo Jiang
{"title":"The resistance to the thermal shock of ceria-stabilized superelastic zirconia thick thermal barrier coatings","authors":"Yanlin Huang , Xiaolong Yi , Jin Jiang , Weixin Deng , Xin Wang , Kuo Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ceria-stabilized tetragonal superelastic zirconia materials (18 mol% CeO<sub>2</sub>-stabilized t-ZrO<sub>2</sub>, SC), which possess outstanding thermophysical properties, are investigated in this paper. It exhibits exceptional phase stability at 1600 °C and an extremely high fracture toughness (>200 J/m<sup>2</sup>). The SC/4YSZ thick thermal barrier coatings (TTBCs) are processed using atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The experimental results reveal that the SC/4YSZ system displays superior thermal shock resistance in comparison to 4YSZ coatings. Specifically, the SC/4YSZ system can withstand 23 consecutive thermal cycles at a surface temperature up to 1750 °C, while the 4YSZ TTBCs fail after only one cycle. The enhanced durability of the SC/4YSZ system is attributed to the superelasticity of the SC coating, which undergoes a stress-induced reversible martensitic transformation, absorbing strain energy as heat. This capability improves with each thermal cycle as the depth of the martensitic phase transformation region increases during thermal cycling. These findings indicate that the SC/4YSZ TTBCs are a promising candidate for ultra-high temperature protection applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 10","pages":"Pages 13164-13173"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Nd doping on the electrical and magnetoresistance properties of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 ceramics","authors":"Xuemei Deng, Jingang Guo, Shuang Ding, Yuchen Xie, Hui Zhang, Hongxi Liu, Qingming Chen, Yule Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a strongly correlated electronic material, perovskite manganese has a strong insulation-metal transition and colossal magnetoresistance, which makes the perovskite manganese oxide represented by La<sub>1-<em>x</em></sub>Ca<sub><em>x</em></sub>MnO<sub>3</sub>(LCMO) has important application potential in magnetic memory, magnetic induction meter, infrared sensor and other fields. Achieving high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and magnetoresistance (MR) is the key to realizing the potential applications of perovskite manganese ores. In this paper, a series of La<sub>0.7-<em>x</em></sub>Nd<sub><em>x</em></sub>Ca<sub>0.3</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> polycrystalline ceramics were prepared by sol-gel method. The effects of Nd<sup>3+</sup> doping on the surface morphology, crystal structure, electrical transport and magnetoresistive properties of the samples were investigated. The results show that Nd<sup>3+</sup> doping can effectively change a series of magnetoelectric transport properties of polycrystalline ceramics, including TCR and MR. X-ray diffraction shows that the sample is pure phase and has excellent crystallinity. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images reveal that the neodymium-doped polycrystalline ceramic samples have a high-density surface with no visible pores. When <em>x</em> = 0.09, the MR peak of this sample reaches as high as 82.77 %, when <em>x</em> = 0.12, the TCR peak of this sample reaches as high as 43.76 %⋅K<sup>−1</sup>. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the electrical transport and magnetoresistive properties of perovskite ceramics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 9","pages":"Pages 11560-11566"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation and electrical properties of Eu2O3 doped high-performance ZnO-Bi2O3 based varistors","authors":"Jianke Liu, Bo Ren, Wenbin Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the effects of Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> doping on the microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Co<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub>-MnO<sub>2</sub> (ZBCTM) varistors were investigated. After doping with Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, the formation of the secondary phase Bi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> was promoted. The leakage current density and average grain size firstly decreased and then increased, and the height of the double Schottky barrier, the breakdown field strength, and the nonlinear coefficient firstly increased and then decreased. When the doping amount of Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was 0.3 mol%, the resulting ZnO varistor exhibited a nonlinear coefficient of 60, the breakdown field strength was 744 V/mm, the leakage current density was 3.77 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>,and degradation rate of 6.2 × 10<sup>−3</sup> mA h<sup>1/2</sup>. The samples exhibit optimal electrical properties and electrical stability. It indicates that the prepared samples offer the advantages of low cost and low loss. It provides a reference for the preparation of Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-doped high-performance ZnO varistors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 9","pages":"Pages 11586-11592"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Wu , Fangzhou Lu , Peifei Xu , Rui Jing , Dahai Zhang , Qingguo Fei
{"title":"Transition of failure mechanisms of 2D-C/SiC under on-axis and off-axis load considering temperature effects","authors":"Jun Wu , Fangzhou Lu , Peifei Xu , Rui Jing , Dahai Zhang , Qingguo Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the tensile behaviors of two-dimensional plain-woven carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composite (2D-C/SiC) prepared by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) were investigated through on-axis and off-axis tensile experiments at different temperatures. The stress-strain curves exhibited obvious nonlinearity for both loading conditions. As the temperature rose from 25 °C (room temperature) to 900 °C, the tensile strength of on-axis specimens decreased by 13.1 %, from 298.7 MPa to 259.5 MPa. On the contrary, the tensile strength of off-axis specimens increased by 34.5 %, from 146.9 MPa to 197.6 MPa. The macroscopic fracture surfaces exhibited a wedge-shaped morphology for on-axis tension, whereas form an angle of 45° for off-axis tension. Microscopic analysis of the fracture sections using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that failure in on-axis tension was primarily dominated by fiber fracture, while the failure in off-axis tension was mainly governed by matrix fracture. The matrix effects and shear coupling were the main reasons for the lower off-axis strength compared with that of on-axis condition. The oxidation of fibers and PyC interface was identified as the main factor contributing to the reduction in on-axis tensile strength at elevated temperatures. In contrast, the off-axis tensile strength was less affected by the high-temperature oxidation reaction, and instead, the thermal strengthening effect of the SiC matrix led to a slight increase in strength at elevated temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 10","pages":"Pages 12888-12900"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chao Li , Guojian Li , Wenzhang Lü , Jiwu Deng , Ziheng Song , Qiang Wang
{"title":"Effect of carbon content on the structure and mechanical properties of (TiAlTaCrZr)CN high entropy alloy carbonitride coatings prepared by magnetron sputtering","authors":"Chao Li , Guojian Li , Wenzhang Lü , Jiwu Deng , Ziheng Song , Qiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The (TiAlTaCrZr)CN high-entropy alloy carbonitride coatings were prepared by mid-frequency magnetron sputtering to address the poor wear resistance of traditional coated tools when cutting titanium alloys. The effect of carbon content on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and cutting performance of (TiAlTaCrZr)CN coatings was investigated. The results indicate that the amorphous structure of TiAlTaCrZr coating transforms to columnar crystalline structure with doping CN elements, forming an FCC solid solution. The (TiAlTaCrZr)CN coating with given CN content exhibits low friction coefficient (0.35), high hardness (23.1 GPa) and high adhesion (150 N). In this coating, interstitial CN atoms with small radius dissolve in the metal lattice, causing significant lattice distortion. This distortion enhances mechanical properties through dislocation strengthening and solid solution strengthening effects. Additionally, amorphous phases at grain boundaries reduce the friction coefficient and hinder crack propagation along the boundaries. Consequently, the wear rate of the (TiAlTaCrZr)CN coating is 1.22 × 10<sup>−6</sup> mm<sup>3</sup> N<sup>−1</sup> m<sup>−1</sup>, which is reduced by 87 % compared to that of the TiAlTaCrZr coating. Furthermore, the cutting length of the (TiAlTaCrZr)CN coating increases by 230 % compared to the TiAlTaCrZr coating at a cutting speed of 100 m⸱min<sup>−1</sup> when machining titanium alloys. This coating demonstrates the potential to meet the demands of high-speed titanium alloy cutting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 9","pages":"Pages 11499-11508"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Santhoshkumar Mahadevan , Anupriya Choudhary , Puneet Sharma , Juliano C. Denardin , Bhupendra Chudasama , Mangalaraja Ramalinga Viswanathan , Juan F. Vivanco
{"title":"Improved magnetic and ku-band microwave response in Ba0.85La0.15Fe12-xCoxO19 hexaferrites","authors":"Santhoshkumar Mahadevan , Anupriya Choudhary , Puneet Sharma , Juliano C. Denardin , Bhupendra Chudasama , Mangalaraja Ramalinga Viswanathan , Juan F. Vivanco","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lanthanum and cobalt substituted barium hexaferrite, Ba<sub>0.85</sub>La<sub>0.15</sub>Fe<sub>12-<em>x</em></sub>Co<sub><em>x</em></sub>O<sub>19</sub>, was prepared by the solid-state ceramic method. The effect of heterovalent substitution on the improved magnetic and K<sub>u</sub> band (12.4–18 GHz) microwave performance was studied. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of magnetoplumbite phase and effective substitution of heterovalent ions in the crystal system. Microstructural analysis revealed highly dense, well developed hexagonal grains for substituted samples. Magnetic measurements showed an increase in magnetic saturation from 58 to 62 emu/g and coercivity from 1.3 to 1.9 kOe with La-Co substitution, while anisotropy, calculated from the law of approaching saturation, exhibited a gradual decrease. Dielectric permittivity and permeability were improved with La-Co substitution, leading to enhanced impedance matching in the absorber at the K<sub>u</sub>-band frequency range. Microwave absorption studies revealed a broad effective absorption bandwidth (<em>EAB</em>) exceeding 1 GHz for substituted samples. The maximum <em>EAB</em> of 3.01 GHz was observed for Ba<sub>0.85</sub>La<sub>0.15</sub>Fe<sub>11.9</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>19</sub> sample with a 1.4 mm thickness, while the reflection loss minimum of −21.88 dB (absorption >99.9 %) was noted for 1.6 mm at 13.30 GHz. The observed results were promising for the microwave devices in K<sub>u</sub> band frequency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 9","pages":"Pages 11982-11995"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}