Ceramics International最新文献

{"title":"Platinum–carbon nanotube reinforced hydroxyapatite ceramic coatings on Ti6Al4V implant via plasma electrolytic oxidation: Enhanced surface and biological characteristics","authors":"Mahendran Logesh ,&nbsp;Yong-Hoon Jeong ,&nbsp;Han-Cheol Choe","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work develops and evaluates multifunctional hydroxyapatite-based composite coatings on Ti6Al4V using plasma electrolytic oxidation, incorporating hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and platinum nanoparticles at different loadings (CNTPEO, PtCNT1, PtCNT3). The process yields a porous HA composited framework in the baseline PEO layer, which progressively transforms into a CNT–Pt reinforced hybrid architecture as the electrolyte composition is modified. Structural analysis by XRD confirms HA formation and reveals a systematic increase in lattice strain and dislocation density with CNT and especially Pt addition, reflecting rising internal stress and defect concentration that correlate with the appearance of island-like and volcano-type surface features in FESEM micrographs. XPS demonstrates strong chemical coupling among HA, CNTs, and Pt, together with chloride-related products after corrosion, indicating a chemically integrated and corrosion-reactive interface. Electrochemical tests in 0.9% NaCl show that PtCNT1 achieves the most stable passivation behavior, combining low corrosion current, high polarization resistance, and favorable EIS responses, whereas excessive Pt loading in PtCNT3 introduces overstrain and localized breakdown despite higher inner-layer resistance. These trends are consistent with FESEM post-corrosion observations, where CNT and Pt-containing coatings effectively hinder chloride ingress, promote formation of protective chloride–phosphate phases, and preserve coating integrity better than the plain PEO layer. Nanoindentation reveals that PtCNT1 also provides an optimal balance of hardness and modulus, enhancing load-bearing capacity without excessive embrittlement, while FESEM-based cell studies against <em>E. coli</em> and mammalian cells confirm that CNT/Pt synergy delivers strong antibacterial activity together with excellent cell adhesion, spreading, and filopodial anchoring. Overall, the results demonstrate that judiciously engineered Pt–CNT–HA composite layers can simultaneously improve mechanical robustness, corrosion resistance, and biological performance of Ti6Al4V implants, highlighting a viable route for next-generation dental and orthopaedic surface designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 10","pages":"Pages 14129-14155"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147636451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effect of Nb2O5/Y2O3 doping and gradient structure on the dielectric and flexoelectric properties of BST ceramics","authors":"Xiaohua Zhao,&nbsp;Haolong He,&nbsp;Ming Zhou,&nbsp;Jun Liu,&nbsp;Hongwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigates the effects of ion doping and gradient structural design on the dielectric and flexoelectric properties of barium strontium titanate (BST) ceramics. Doping with Nb₂O₅ and Y₂O₃ in three BST compositions (BST7, BST8, BST9) significantly enhances both dielectric constant and flexoelectric coefficient, which can be attributed to the formation of specific lattice defects. Two types of gradient BST sheets were further fabricated using a tape-casting technique: a dopant-gradient structure with different dopants, and a composition-gradient structure with the same doping but varying Ba/Sr ratios across layers. In the dopant-gradient structure, differences in dopant ions induce lattice parameter mismatches, generating interfacial stress between adjacent layers. The resulting internal strain directly enhances the flexoelectric response, increasing the flexoelectric coefficient of G-BST9 to 46.27 μC/m. This structure also improves the dielectric temperature stability, as reflected by a lower temperature coefficient of permittivity. In the Ba/Sr ratio-gradient BST, both Nb₂O₅ and Y₂O₃ doping yield superior dielectric and flexoelectric properties compared to undoped counterparts. The Nb₂O₅-doped gradient BST demonstrates optimal performance, achieving a room-temperature dielectric constant of 9660, significantly enhanced temperature stability, and a maximum flexoelectric coefficient of 55.26 μC/m. These improvements stem from a synergistic mechanism wherein doping and structural gradation collectively establish strain gradients that effectively modulate polarization response. This approach not only enhances flexoelectric performance but also stabilizes dielectric behavior across a wide temperature range. The proposed strategy offers a viable pathway for designing high-performance functional devices suitable for broad-temperature-range applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 10","pages":"Pages 14493-14504"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147636456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the dynamic surface features of high and medium entropy oxides","authors":"Andrea Jouve ,&nbsp;Martina Fracchia ,&nbsp;Sara Morandi ,&nbsp;Paolo Ghigna ,&nbsp;Silvia Bordiga ,&nbsp;Maela Manzoli","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A set of rock-salt oxides was prepared starting from the high entropy oxide Mg_0.2Co_0.2Ni_0.2Cu_0.2Zn_0.2O (HEO5) by progressively reducing the number of components, while preserving the native rock-salt structure. The obtained medium entropy oxides were Co_0.2Ni_0.4Cu_0.2Zn_0.2O (MEO4) and Ni_0.6Cu_0.2Zn_0.2O (MEO3). The performance of the prepared materials towards the selected prototypical probe reaction (CO oxidation) was investigated and correlated with structural and spectroscopic features. The catalytic activity was evaluated over a wide temperature range (50-400 °C). The medium entropy oxide with three cations (MEO3) exhibited the best catalytic performance and became active at low temperature (50 °C). All the materials achieved complete conversion (99.9%) with full selectivity to the desired product (CO₂ selectivity 99.9%) at medium-high temperatures (250 °C &lt; <em>T</em> &lt; 300 °C). We demonstrated that the catalyst surfaces could exhibit different local compositions, with metal enrichment and re-organization induced by the experimental conditions, leading to the formation of novel potentially active surface species. Configurational entropy is a stabilizing term, whose decrease enhances the catalytic activity of the materials, promoting a progressive destabilization of Ni(II) in favor of reduced Ni species on MEO3.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 10","pages":"Pages 14528-14534"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147636459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermally enhanced luminescence of Eu3+ in Eu3+-Cr3+ co-doped YAG phosphors for FIR temperature sensing","authors":"Yahuan Zhang,&nbsp;Yuanzuo Li,&nbsp;Ying Yu,&nbsp;Qingfeng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluorescence intensity ratio (<em>FIR</em>) thermometry has attracted significant attention for remote temperature sensing applications due to its high spatial resolution and fast response. To develop the high-performance <em>FIR</em> thermometer, we conducted a systematic investigation of the luminescent properties and energy transfer (ET) mechanisms in 2 mol% Eu³⁺, 0.2 mol% Cr³⁺ co-doped Y₃Al₅O₁₂ (YAG) phosphors under 395 nm excitation. The luminescence properties of the samples were investigated by photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra at room temperature, along with temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra and fluorescence decay curves in the 303-563 K range. The results revealed that the ET from Eu³⁺ to Cr³⁺ leads to an enhancement in Cr³⁺ emission at room temperature. More importantly, as the temperature increased, an anomalous thermal enhancement of the Eu³⁺ luminescence intensity at 630 nm and 650 nm was identified, originating from the reverse ET process from Cr³⁺ to Eu³⁺. This distinct thermal behavior of Eu³⁺ exhibits significant thermal response differences in the emission spectra. Based on this phenomenon, an <em>FIR</em> thermometry system was developed using two thermally responsive emission bands (630 nm and 745 nm) with opposite temperature dependencies, achieving 3.11% K⁻¹ relative sensitivity. This work demonstrated and fully utilized the synergistic enhancement mechanism of ET, presenting a solution to the problem of thermal quenching at high temperatures while providing a novel strategy for advancing the sensitivity of optical temperature sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 10","pages":"Pages 14446-14453"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147636461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medium-entropy BaZr0.1Sn0.1Ce0.6Nd0.2O3-δ proton conducting electrolytes with exceptional chemical stability against CO2 and H2O for solid oxide fuel cells","authors":"Wenzhao Wei ,&nbsp;Chen Yang ,&nbsp;Donggang Wang ,&nbsp;Haibin Sun ,&nbsp;Xue Guo ,&nbsp;Qiangqiang Hu ,&nbsp;Yurun Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-entropy BaZr₀.₁Ce₀.₉O_3-δ (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> = 0.33 R) was used as the matrix to design and construct a series of medium-entropy electrolyte systems - BaZr₀.₁Sn₀.₁Ce₀.₆X₀.₂O_3-δ (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> = 1.09 R)-via co-doping with Sn⁴⁺ and rare-earth ions (X = Dy, Nd, Yb, Y). By combining experimental characterizations with first-principles calculations (DFT), the effects of different rare-earth dopants on the phase structure, chemical stability, and electrochemical performance of these electrolytes were systematically investigated. Among electrolytes, BaZr₀.₁Sn₀.₁Ce₀.₆Nd₀.₂O_3-δ (BZSCN) shows the most stable phase composition and microstructure after 3 h of boiling H₂O treatment and 3 h of CO₂ treatment at 700 °C. It exhibits high conductivity (3.19 × 10⁻² S cm⁻¹) in humid air at 700 °C, with relatively stable conductivities after H₂O (1.80 × 10⁻² S cm⁻¹) and CO₂ (2.49 × 10⁻² S cm⁻¹) treatments under the same condition. According to the first-principles calculation, compared with other BaZr_0.1Sn_0.1Ce_0.6X_0.2O_3−δ (X = Dy, Yb, Y) electrolytes, BZSCN electrolyte exhibits elevated reaction energy barriers for H₂O (5.12 eV) and CO₂ (0.28 eV), alongside reduced adsorption energies for H₂O (−0.508 eV) and CO₂ (0.054 eV), collectively underpinning its enhanced chemical stability. BZSCN-based anode-supported cell demonstrates a maximum power output of 0.64 W cm⁻² at 700 °C when operated with humidified H₂.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 10","pages":"Pages 14592-14602"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147636480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of fluorescent branch ratio and enhancement 900 nm emission by co-doping Gd3+ ions in Nd:CaF2 crystals","authors":"Youchenchen Zhou ,&nbsp;Xinyu Qian ,&nbsp;Wudi Wang ,&nbsp;Qingguo Wang ,&nbsp;Dongzhen Li ,&nbsp;Huili Tang ,&nbsp;Chenbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Xu ,&nbsp;Jun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The academic concept of regulating the fluorescence branching ratio of different emission bands has novelty been proposed. Usually, the ⁴F_3/2 → ⁴I_9/2 (∼900 nm) transition of Nd³⁺ ions is severely suppressed by the dominant ⁴F_3/2 → ⁴I_11/2 (∼1.06 μm) transition, resulting in small fluorescence branching ratio. To solve the problem, a series of high-quality Nd,Gd:CaF₂ crystals has been synthesized by the Vertical Bridgman method. The spectral characteristics and the influencing factors of fluorescence branching ratio were systematically and thoroughly studied. With the concentration of Gd³⁺ increasing, the value of Ω₂ increased from 1.560 to 2.139, indicating that the local symmetry around the Nd³⁺ ions further decreased and the lattice distortion further intensified, which causes the increasing of relative fluorescence intensity at 0.9 μm from 0.20 to 0.61, corresponding to the threefold enhancement; the increasing of fluorescence branching ratio from 30.2% to 38.6% and the increasing of peak emission cross-section from 3.42 × 10⁻²¹ cm² to 8.63 × 10⁻²¹ cm². At 905 nm, a net gain of 1.105 × 10⁻²¹ cm² is obtained for 0.5% Nd, 10% Gd:CaF₂ crystal at <em>p</em> = 0.2, while the single-doped 0.5% Nd:CaF₂ crystal reaches the same net gain when <em>p</em> increases to 0.4. Above all, Gd³⁺ co-doping should be a highly effective strategy for regulating the fluorescence branching ratios in Nd³⁺-doped hosts and Nd,Gd:CaF₂ crystal is greatly potential as a promising gain medium for achieving efficient laser operation at ∼900 nm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 10","pages":"Pages 14735-14743"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147636557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multielement (Fe, La, Ca, Zr) doping achieves superior dielectric properties and broad-temperature stability in BaTiO3-based ceramics","authors":"Yang Chen ,&nbsp;Kai Sun ,&nbsp;Zongxiang Wang ,&nbsp;Jiahong Tian ,&nbsp;Daofeng Xu ,&nbsp;Runhua Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dielectric ceramics are widely used in capacitors, sensors and actuators due to their exceptional polarization and energy storage capabilities. However, the high lead content in conventional compositions raises serious environmental and health concerns, highlighting the need for high-performance lead-free alternatives. This study fabricates multielement (Fe, La, Ca, Zr)-doped BaTiO₃ ceramics via solid-state reaction for capacitor applications. In particular, the incorporation of Zr⁴⁺ (<em>x</em> = 0.15-0.21) induces a tetragonal-to-pseudo-cubic phase transition, lowering the Curie temperature and broadening the dielectric peak. Meanwhile, Ca²⁺ doping (<em>x</em> ≤ 0.12) refines the microstructure, achieving a density of 5.94 g/cm³, and enhances the breakdown strength, though it reduces permittivity due to suppressed polarization. Notably, Fe³⁺/La³⁺ co-doping facilitates charge compensation, leading to a record La³⁺ solubility (<em>x</em> = 0.026) and significantly improved dielectric properties, achieving a dielectric constant of 10,119 and a loss tangent of 0.9% at 25 °C, along with excellent temperature stability. Sintering the composition (Ba_0.84Ca_0.14La_0.02)(Ti_0.89Zr_0.09Fe_0.02)O₃ between 1330 °C and 1350 °C resulted in a homogeneous grain structure and complies with Y5V industrial standards. In general, this study demonstrates a viable and effective strategy for designing environmentally benign dielectric ceramics with high permittivity, low loss and superior thermal stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 10","pages":"Pages 14783-14791"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147636562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of transition metal doping on the surface characteristics, dielectric properties and optical chromaticity of ZnO nanoparticles","authors":"I. Sankeeda ,&nbsp;M. Silambarasan ,&nbsp;P. Baraneedharan","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of transition metal doping (Mn, Fe, and Ni) on the structural, dielectric, and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via a solution combustion method. Dopant concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 mM were employed to elucidate dopant-dependent property modulation. X-ray diffraction confirms the formation of wurtzite ZnO with substitutional incorporation of Mn, while secondary phases emerge at higher Fe and Ni concentrations, as corroborated by EDS analysis. FE-SEM and BET results reveal pronounced microstructural variations, with Ni-doped ZnO exhibiting enhanced surface area and mesoporosity due to dopant-induced suppression of grain growth. Dielectric measurements demonstrate frequency-dependent permittivity and loss, governed by space-charge accumulation and Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization at grain boundaries. Photoluminescence and chromaticity analyses (CIE 1931/1976) reveal dopant-specific emission tuning: Fe enhances blue emission purity, Mn induces green emission at low concentrations via defect-mediated transitions, and Ni provides moderate spectral modulation with improved lattice stability. These findings establish a strong correlation between dopant-induced structural modifications, defect chemistry, and functional dielectric–optical responses, highlighting TM-doped ZnO nanoparticles as promising candidates for optoelectronic and photonic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 10","pages":"Pages 13774-13789"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147636631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal shock–induced oxygen vacancy engineering in metal oxide electronics","authors":"So Rim Lee ,&nbsp;Chang Hee Cho ,&nbsp;Jae Woo Lee ,&nbsp;Jin Young Oh ,&nbsp;Tae Il Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2026.02.110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal shock is typically considered a detrimental phenomenon that should be avoided in material processing due to its potential to induce structural failure. Contrary to this conventional understanding, we report for the first time that the electrical conductivity of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films can be dramatically enhanced within a few seconds by a controlled thermal shock process. Systematic characterization revealed that this rapid conductivity enhancement originates from an increase in carrier concentration, induced by the formation of intrinsic dopants—oxygen vacancies. Optical bandgap widening (Burstein–Moss shift), reduction in the Seebeck coefficient, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses consistently verified a substantial rise in carrier density after thermal shock. The underlying mechanism is attributed to the release of elastic energy within the ITO lattice during thermal shock, which loosens In–O bonds and reduces the activation energy for oxygen vacancy formation by approximately 10⁻¹² J. This study demonstrates that thermal shock can serve as an energy-efficient and ultrafast post-treatment technique to tailor carrier concentration and electrical conductivity in transparent conductive oxides, offering a new paradigm in oxide semiconductor processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 10","pages":"Pages 14744-14752"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147636634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical adsorption of trivalent chromium on synthetic carbonated hydroxyapatite","authors":"Gabriele Sarapajevaite,&nbsp;Evelina Veiveryte,&nbsp;Lidija Turilinaite,&nbsp;Tadas Dambrauskas","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.07.125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.07.125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chromium ions are known to be major toxic contaminants in wastewater which are frequently detected in both surface and groundwater sources. Due to their high removal efficiency, operational simplicity, and cost-effectiveness, adsorption is considered a promising method for the elimination of this heavy metal from wastewater. Hydroxyapatite, characterized by its low cost, stability, insolubility in water, a large specific surface area, and strong adsorption properties, presents significant potential as a synthetic adsorbent for heavy metal removal. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of synthesized carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) for Cr³⁺ ion adsorption and to investigate its adsorption characteristics. Microwave-assisted synthesis was employed to produce CHA. The time-dependent adsorption capacity was assessed at Cr³⁺ ion concentrations ranging from 250 to 2500 mg/L and at temperatures between 25 and 65 °C. Experimental results revealed an atypical adsorption behavior of CHA, i.e., an initial rapid adsorption, followed by a reversible process until equilibrium is reached. Specifically, depending on the applied metal ion concentration, the maximum removal efficiency ranged from 51 % to 81 %, while the maximum adsorption capacity at equilibrium varied between 10.85 and 48.5 mg/g. Moreover, the adsorption mechanism was analyzed by fitting the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. Lastly, experimental results were confirmed by thermodynamic calculations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"52 10","pages":"Pages 15163-15171"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147636650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}