Ceramics International最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of novel nano- glass systems doped with bismuth oxide via structural, physical, FTIR, thermal and optical characteristics: Experimental Investigation","authors":"A.S. Doma ,&nbsp;Mahmoud I. Abbas ,&nbsp;Abd El Hady B. Kashyout ,&nbsp;Eman A. Ghafeir ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. El-Khatib","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel bismuth borosilicate glass specimen was synthesized utilizing the conventional melt-quench technique. The molar volume and density of glasses were measured to examine their structure. As the mole percentage of Bi₂O₃ increases, the molar volume decreases linearly. The physical attributes are analyzed, encompassing polaron radius, inter-ionic distance, oxygen packing density, and ionic concentration. The packing density of oxygen diminishes with an increase in Bi₂O₃ concentration. As the concentration of Bi₂O₃ increases, the polaron radius, or inter-ionic distance, diminishes while the ionic concentration escalates. XRD, DSC, FTIR, Raman, ultrasonic, photoluminescence and optical absorption spectrum analyses were employed to investigate the influence of different modifier oxides on the structural and optical properties of the synthesized glasses. XRD analysis was employed to characterize the synthetic glass specimens and confirm their amorphous nature. In the glass network, several modifier oxides exhibited a significant reduction and increase in T_g and thermal stability, as determined by DSC analysis. TEM confirmed the existence of multiple novel quantum dots (QDs), which are semiconductor nanoparticles whose optical and electrical characteristics depend on their size and composition (1.5–10 nm in size). The optical absorption spectra of glass samples have confirmed the reduction in both direct and indirect optical band gap values with the addition of various modifier oxides. The FT-IR spectra of the glass specimens indicated that the glass matrix comprised the structural units BiO₃, BiO₆, CaO₄, BO₃, and BO₄. FTIR spectra measurements was in good agreement with XRD and TEM spectrum analysis The nano glass particles are round and exist in various cluster sizes ranges from 1.5 to 10 nm, as demonstrated by TEM images. The results demonstrated the applicability of newly developed glass systems in photonics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 13","pages":"Pages 17813-17821"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation in CMAS corrosion behavior of high entropy RE monosilicates by component design of doped RE","authors":"Jiaxin Li ,&nbsp;Liuyuan Li ,&nbsp;Pinchun Wang ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Shiying Liu ,&nbsp;Zhanjie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High entropy design is an attractive strategy to improve CMAS corrosion resistance of rare earth monosilicates (RE₂SiO₅) as next-generation thermal/environmental barrier coating materials for protecting SiC-based ceramic composites in the hot section of gas turbine engines. In this paper, five kinds of high entropy (5RE_xi)₂SiO₅ with the non-equivalent molar ratios were prepared in order to investigate the effect of equivalent ion radius of RE³⁺ on CMAS corrosion behavior at low and high temperatures. For CMAS corrosion at 1300 °C, the CMAS corrosion behavior was controlled by the competitive balance between reaction thermodynamics and kinetics of (5RE_xi)₂SiO₅ and CMAS, and the thicknesses of apatite product layer decreased and then increased with the increasing equivalent ionic radius of RE³⁺. However, for CMAS corrosion at 1500 °C, the CMAS corrosion behavior mainly resulted from the dissolution-precipitation controlled by thermodynamics. With the increase of equivalent ionic radius of RE³⁺, the forming ability of apatite product will be enhanced, and the compact apatite product layer can be rapidly formed at the corrosion front to suppress CMAS attack on substrate, so the thicknesses of apatite product layer decreased gradually with increasing equivalent ionic radius of RE³⁺. The results of the study will provide theoretical guidance for the microstructural design of high entropy RE monosilicates in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 13","pages":"Pages 17828-17836"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser surface treatment for enhanced surface quality of Si3N4 + SiO2 wave-transparent ceramics","authors":"Rajaram Kumar Gupta ,&nbsp;Divya Rana ,&nbsp;Dinesh Deva ,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar Pal","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Si₃N₄ + SiO₂-based wave-transparent ceramics are valued for their excellent mechanical strength and superior dielectric properties, making them suitable for radome applications. A recent study explored the production of these ceramics through compression molding of green pellets, followed by sintering (at 1500 °C). However, further improvements in mechanical properties without compromising dielectric performance are essential for use in harsh conditions. In this study, surface treatment using a CO₂ laser with a 10.6 μm wavelength was applied to green Si₃N₄ + SiO₂ ceramic compacts (GP), prepared by compression molding at 1912 MPa, to investigate changes in surface integrity, microstructure, and chemical composition before and after sintering. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed that oxidation began at 700 °C, with a mass gain of 18 % up to 1500 °C. XRD and XPS confirmed Si₃N₄ and SiO₂ phases in the green pellets, with optimal laser parameters (10 W power, 15 mm/s) maximizing SiO₂ formation and inducing compressive residual stresses, of up to −128 MPa on green ceramic surface to −2045 MPa after sintering. This treatment significantly improved microhardness, increasing from 1566 ± 6.7 HV₀.₁ in untreated sintered samples to 1651 ± 7.1 HV₀.₁ in sintered, laser-treated samples. XRD results confirmed the formation of Si₃N₄, cristobalite-SiO₂, and Si₂N₂O phases in the laser-treated sintered ceramics which was also confirmed by the SEM micrograph. Line EDS (energy-dispersive spectroscopy) verified that the elemental composition of the laser-treated sintered surface remained consistent with that of the untreated sintered surface. These findings demonstrate that CO₂ laser treatment significantly enhances the mechanical properties of Si₃N₄-SiO₂ ceramics without compromising their dielectric performance, thereby greatly improving the material's suitability for radome applications in challenging environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 13","pages":"Pages 17079-17089"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical enhancement of BaMnO3 perovskites using Sm doping for supercapacitor applications","authors":"Meznah.M. Alanazi ,&nbsp;Shaimaa A.M. Abdelmohsen ,&nbsp;Lana.M. Sulayem ,&nbsp;Salma Aman ,&nbsp;Hafiz.Muhammad.Tahir Farid ,&nbsp;Muhammad.Suleman Waheed","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The creation of metal oxide with increased chemically active surfaces, shorter ion-diffusion routes, and quicker ion/charge transport kinetics is required in the field of supercapacitors. The problem of transition metal oxides (TMO_s) has been effectively overcome by utilizing metal doping which simultaneously increases surface area (SA), speeds up ion migration and improves stability. Sm-doped BaMnO₃ electrode material and pristine BaMnO₃ was created hydrothermally for supercapacitor devices. The physical and electrochemical properties of the produced electrode sample were determined by utilizing various analytical instruments. The Sm-doped BaMnO₃ electrode material has a specific capacitance (C_s) of 1136 F/g at 1 A/g determined by the galvanostatic charging/discharging plot. The Nyquist curve shows that Sm-doped BaMnO₃ electrode material has a reduced charge transfer resistance (R_ct = 0.56 Ω). The Sm-doped BaMnO₃ electrode material demonstrated better electrochemical characteristics making it a suitable option for inclusion into supercapacitor devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 13","pages":"Pages 17945-17954"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CeO2 fiber catalysts for diesel soot capture and highly efficient combustion","authors":"Chenyu Mi ,&nbsp;Zhenfeng Guo ,&nbsp;Longfei Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Wang ,&nbsp;Yunguang Yin ,&nbsp;Benxue Liu ,&nbsp;Guanghui Zhang ,&nbsp;Luyi Zhu ,&nbsp;Yongshuai Xie ,&nbsp;Gang Yu ,&nbsp;Xinqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diesel vehicle exhaust contains a lot of harmful substances, but the use of diesel engines is inevitable because of its high cost-effectiveness, good durability, low CO₂ emissions, and high efficiency. Thus, it is very important to capture and catalyze soot particles. In this study, CeO₂ fiber catalysts with one-dimensional structure were prepared by sol-gel method combined with electrospinning technology. Due to the fibrous morphology, CeO₂ fiber catalysts could well intercept soot particles and increase the contact sites between catalyst and soot. Those fiber catalysts had large specific surface areas, excellent aspect ratios, self-supporting ability and high porosity, which were beneficial for soot combustion. Among all the catalysts, CeO₂-500 showed the best catalytic performance which was 350 °C for T₁₀, 385 °C for T₅₀, 415 °C for T₉₀ and 98.64 % for S_CO2. The temperature T_m corresponding to the maximum combustion rate is 387 °C. The results indicate that the CeO₂ fiber catalyst has excellent catalytic performance and good development prospect, which provides a new idea for the further development of diesel vehicle exhaust gas treatment in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 13","pages":"Pages 17398-17406"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced microwave dielectric properties of spinel-garnet ceramics based on MgO-Al2O3-Y2O3 ternary systems: A study on solid solutions and composite synergistic strategies","authors":"Jian Li ,&nbsp;Jia Liu ,&nbsp;Yeqing He ,&nbsp;Xiaohan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanxiang Jiang ,&nbsp;Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Walther Glaubitt ,&nbsp;Futian Liu ,&nbsp;Haitao Wu ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Ling Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-performance dielectric ceramics are vital for next-generation microwave devices, requiring advanced doping and composite strategies to enhance material properties. The (1-<em>x</em>)MgAl₂O₄-<em>x</em>Y₃Al₅O₁₂ composite ceramics were found in the MgO-Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃ pseudoternary phase diagram and synthesized via solid-phase reaction. The two phases coexist to improve grain size distribution and achieve a low eutectic temperature, allowing <em>x</em> = 0.1–0.7 samples to gain a dense microstructure (<em>ρ</em> &gt; 96 %) when sintered at 1650–1670 °C. The semi-coherent interface, coupled with the Mg²⁺/Y³⁺ cation transition zone, promotes the formation of a partial solid solution, thereby alleviating interfacial stress at the grain boundaries between MgAl₂O₄ and Y₃Al₅O₁₂. Notably, the 0.3MgAl₂O₄-0.7Y₃Al₅O₁₂ ceramic exhibits satisfying microwave dielectric properties: <em>ε</em>_r = 10.1 ± 0.24, <em>Q</em> × <em>f</em> = 195,000 ± 12,000 GHz, and <em>τ</em>_f = −11.9 ppm/°C. In addition to phase composition and microstructure, the enhanced performance can be attributed to the optimized crystal structure. The partial substitution of Y³⁺ by Mg²⁺ with a smaller radius induced the “rattling” effect and abnormal large permittivity in the [YO₈] site. The ²⁷Al NMR spectra revealed an increase in the Mg-Al inversion degree in the Mg-deficient spinel structure, resulting in the elevated total covalency of the Al-O bond. The structural changes corresponded to a decrease in intrinsic dielectric loss in Mg-Al spinel and an increase in <em>τ</em>_f in the Y-Al garnet phase. These findings indicate the (1-<em>x</em>)MgAl₂O₄-<em>x</em>Y₃Al₅O₁₂ ceramics have promising applications in the field of HTCC millimeter wave communications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 13","pages":"Pages 18003-18012"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1 % lanthanide-doped ZnO nanostructures as a versatile approach for state-of-the-art capacitive and resistive humidity sensors","authors":"Petronela Pascariu ,&nbsp;Florin Tudorache ,&nbsp;Cosmin Romanitan ,&nbsp;Andreea Bianca Serban ,&nbsp;Emmanouel Koudoumas","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of the 1 % lanthanide (Ln) doping on the structural, morphological, and electrical properties of the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures obtained by the electrospinning-calcination method is discussed in the context of humidity sensors. X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations, in conjunction with high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the formation of (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm)-ZnO nanocomposites. Also, XPS analysis demonstrated that lanthanide doping enhances the surface hydroxylation, by increasing the concentration of hydroxyl groups, promoting the surface propensity to attract water molecules. The dependence of relative permittivity and electrical resistivity on the absence and various values of the humidity were examined in relation to the nature of the dopant. Our results reveal that the undoped zinc oxide does not exhibit variation in relative electric permittivity with frequency. By contrast, in the case of the samples containing lanthanide additives, a typical semiconductor behavior is observed, with a decrease in relative electric permittivity as the frequency increases. In particular, by Ce-doping, sensitivity coefficients are improved in comparison with the undoped ZnO or for other dopants, reporting a remarkable resistance coefficient of ∼83 % in the low humidity range (e.g. 33 % RH). Meanwhile, a reduction of the electrical resistivity by approximately one order of magnitude is reported upon lanthanide doping, and a decrease of the response time from 98 s up to 62 s is achieved. These remarkable features recommend lanthanides-ZnO nanocomposites as suitable materials for the design of humidity sensors with improved characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 13","pages":"Pages 17090-17100"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing superhydrophilic surfaces: The impact of Ti@ZnO nanowires fabricated by pulsed laser deposition","authors":"Amitabha Nath ,&nbsp;Madhuri Mishra ,&nbsp;Subhananda Chakrabarti","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the superhydrophilic properties of titanium (Ti) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NW) fabricated via pulsed laser deposition (PLD), with Ti thin films deposited using the electron beam evaporation (e-beam) technique. An open-air annealing process at 700 °C for 1 h resulted in the formation of Ti@ZnO NW. Field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) revealed a densely packed structure in Ti@ZnO NW, attributed to the Ti coating, which enhances the compactness compared to undoped ZnO NW. Elemental composition analysis via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) provided insights into the structural properties, while atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicated increased surface roughness in Ti@ZnO NW (8.822 nm) compared to undoped ZnO NW (2.265 nm). The grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) analysis demonstrated an increased crystallite size of 25.80 nm for Ti@ZnO NW versus 18.94 nm for undoped ZnO NW, contributing to enhanced superhydrophilic behavior due to lower surface energy. Optical absorption analysis revealed a main bandgap of 3.00 eV and a sub-bandgap of 1.50 eV, attributed to Ti-induced defect states that extend light absorption into the visible range. The functional groups of the samples were characterized using a fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer. The superhydrophilic nature of Ti@ZnO NW was confirmed by a lower contact angle of 74.1° compared to 98.6° for undoped ZnO NW. Enhanced properties with sliding angle of 61.52°, maximum frictional force of 1.93 μN, and rapid wettability transition (9.13 × 10⁻⁵ ^°−1/second)—indicate Ti@ZnO NW's suitability for applications in smart surfaces, microfluidic devices, and advanced surface functionalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 13","pages":"Pages 17200-17214"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated study of morphology, structure, and dielectric behavior in PZT-SASF ceramics at the morphotropic phase boundary","authors":"Bahia Messai ,&nbsp;Rachid Makhloufi ,&nbsp;Ahcen Keziz ,&nbsp;Aymen Benmakhlouf ,&nbsp;Mourad Nouiri ,&nbsp;Taha Abdel Mohaymen Taha","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research explores the synthesis and electrical characterization of SrF₂-modified lead zirconate titanate Pb_1-xSr_x[(Zr_0.43Ti_0.52) (Al_0.5Sb_0.5)_0.05]O_3-xF_2x, referred to as PZT-SASF ceramics. The synthesis was completed using solid-state methods, focusing on properties near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The samples were analyzed using various laboratory techniques. Phase formation was studied using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). This analysis revealed the coexistence of tetragonal and rhombohedral phases. Microstructural examination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a non-uniform distribution of large grains and some micro-sized pores. Impedance and electric modulus measurements were performed over a frequency range of 0.1 kHz–1 MHz and temperatures from 300 to 700 K. The results demonstrated the influence of grain structure on capacitive and resistive properties. The Nyquist plot revealed how grains contribute to resistance and capacitance. An appropriate electrical circuit was used for equivalent circuit analysis. Fitting procedures were implemented across all temperatures to determine grain resistance and capacitance values. Incorporating Sr²⁺ ions at the Pb-site and F⁻ ions at the O-site enhanced the dielectric constant at higher temperatures. Finally, the activation energy of the synthesized ceramics increased from 0.7 eV at x = 0.0 to 1.12 eV at x = 0.08 and then decreased to 0.97 eV at x = 0.1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 13","pages":"Pages 17226-17237"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composite scaffolds of carboxymethyl cellulose enriched with porous graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets: A novel approach to bone defect repair","authors":"Behnam Hadian ,&nbsp;Fahimeh Derakhshanfard ,&nbsp;Zohreh Ghazi Tabatabaei ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Farahpour","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.01.505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the regenerative capacity of composite scaffolds based on carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyapatite containing g-C₃N₄ for promoting bone defect regeneration. The investigation included both in vitro and in vivo assessments. To select the optimal composite scaffold, the Box-Behnken design method was employed, considering four factors ([nHAp], [g-C₃N₄], stirring speed, and stirring time) at three levels. By determining the appropriate responses (percentage of porosity and density), 27 modes were proposed for the construction of composite scaffolds. The predicted values of the independent factors for the optimal formulation were [nHAp] = 0.6 g/mL, [g-C₃N₄] = 0.15 mg/mL, stirring speed = 600 rpm, and stirring time = 35 min. The results of XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, TGA, swelling, biodegradability, and mechanical studies confirmed that the fabricated scaffold sample exhibited ideal behavior for use in bone tissue engineering. Scaffolds were tested in a rabbit model, and radiographs were prepared. The clinical results showed that rabbits treated with scaffolds containing a high amount of g-C₃N₄ exhibited higher bone regeneration compared to those treated with lower amounts of g-C₃N₄. According to the study, CCH/g-C₃N₄ scaffolds with enhanced porosity, mechanical strength, bioactivity, and biocompatibility were achieved through optimization utilizing the Box-Behnken Design (BBD). These improved characteristics make the scaffolds attractive candidates for tissue engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 13","pages":"Pages 17318-17331"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}