Eco-friendly synthesis, comprehensive characterization and photocatalytic efficiency of rare earth-substituted M-type hexaferrites for visible-light-driven dye degradation

IF 5.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Ceramics International Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.06.221

Varsha C. Pujari , Pramod D. Mhase , Sagar D. Balgude , Santosh S. Jadhav , Sadaf J. Gilani , Paresh S. More , Sagar E. Shirsath , Shoyebmohamad F. Shaikh , Sunil M. Patange

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Abstract

This study presents the structural tuning and multifunctional enhancement of Ba_0.5Ca_0.5Fe₁₂O₁₉ hexaferrite through neodymium (Nd³⁺) ion substitution (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.20), synthesized via an eco-friendly sol–gel auto-combustion route using lemon extract as fuel. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of a single-phase M-type hexagonal structure with systematic shifts in lattice parameters and c/a ratio due to ionic substitution, correlating with observed variations in crystallite size and strain. These structural modifications directly impacted the electronic and dielectric properties, as evidenced by a band gap reduction from 3.92 eV to 3.50 eV and a peak dielectric constant at x = 0.15. Microwave absorption measurements in the X-band (8–12 GHz) revealed a maximum reflection loss of −31.69 dB at 10.02 GHz for x = 0.10, indicating strong absorption behavior suitable for electromagnetic shielding. Moreover, the optimized composition (x = 0.15) exhibited 92 % degradation of Reactive Brown dye under solar irradiation within 20 min, highlighting its effectiveness as a visible-light photocatalyst. Notably, the photocatalyst displays stability and reusability over multiple cycles. These results demonstrate a strong structure–property–function correlation, positioning Nd³⁺-doped Ba-Ca hexaferrites as promising candidates for next-generation ceramic-based devices in environmental remediation and microwave attenuation technologies.

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稀土取代m型六铁体的环保合成、综合表征及可见光降解染料的光催化效率

本研究以柠檬提取物为燃料，采用溶胶-凝胶自燃烧的方式，通过钕（Nd3+）离子取代（0.00≤x≤0.20）对Ba0.5Ca0.5Fe12O19六铁体进行了结构调整和多功能增强。x射线衍射分析证实了单相m型六边形结构的形成，由于离子取代，晶格参数和c/a比发生了系统的变化，这与观察到的晶体尺寸和应变的变化有关。这些结构修饰直接影响了材料的电子和介电性能，带隙从3.92 eV减小到3.50 eV，峰值介电常数在x = 0.15处。x波段（8-12 GHz）的微波吸收测量结果显示，当x = 0.10时，10.02 GHz处的最大反射损耗为- 31.69 dB，显示出适合电磁屏蔽的强吸收行为。此外，优化后的组合物（x = 0.15）在太阳照射下，在20分钟内对活性棕色染料的降解率达到92%，突出了其作为可见光光催化剂的有效性。值得注意的是，该光催化剂在多次循环中表现出稳定性和可重用性。这些结果证明了强结构-性能-功能相关性，将Nd3+掺杂的Ba-Ca六铁体定位为下一代环境修复和微波衰减技术中基于陶瓷的器件的有希望的候选者。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ceramics International 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

15.40%

发文量

4558

审稿时长

25 days

期刊介绍： Ceramics International covers the science of advanced ceramic materials. The journal encourages contributions that demonstrate how an understanding of the basic chemical and physical phenomena may direct materials design and stimulate ideas for new or improved processing techniques, in order to obtain materials with desired structural features and properties. Ceramics International covers oxide and non-oxide ceramics, functional glasses, glass ceramics, amorphous inorganic non-metallic materials (and their combinations with metal and organic materials), in the form of particulates, dense or porous bodies, thin/thick films and laminated, graded and composite structures. Process related topics such as ceramic-ceramic joints or joining ceramics with dissimilar materials, as well as surface finishing and conditioning are also covered. Besides traditional processing techniques, manufacturing routes of interest include innovative procedures benefiting from externally applied stresses, electromagnetic fields and energetic beams, as well as top-down and self-assembly nanotechnology approaches. In addition, the journal welcomes submissions on bio-inspired and bio-enabled materials designs, experimentally validated multi scale modelling and simulation for materials design, and the use of the most advanced chemical and physical characterization techniques of structure, properties and behaviour. Technologically relevant low-dimensional systems are a particular focus of Ceramics International. These include 0, 1 and 2-D nanomaterials (also covering CNTs, graphene and related materials, and diamond-like carbons), their nanocomposites, as well as nano-hybrids and hierarchical multifunctional nanostructures that might integrate molecular, biological and electronic components.