Imran Ali Chandio, Abdul Hameed Pato, Qiaoli Zhang, Yuxi Lei, Ali Dad Chandio, Safdar Abbas, Longtao Ren, Wen Liu
{"title":"In Situ Formation of a Li3N/LiAl Hybrid Network in a Carbon Host for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes","authors":"Imran Ali Chandio, Abdul Hameed Pato, Qiaoli Zhang, Yuxi Lei, Ali Dad Chandio, Safdar Abbas, Longtao Ren, Wen Liu","doi":"10.1002/batt.70503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70503","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lithium metal is regarded as the ultimate anode for next-generation high-energy-density batteries owing to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity and lowest electrochemical potential. However, its practical application is severely hindered by low Coulombic efficiency, large volume fluctuations, and safety hazards arising from uncontrollable dendrite growth. Herein, we design a three-dimensional composite Li metal anode via a scalable route: carbon nanotubes with acetylene black to form spherical hosts, followed by molten Li infusion in the presence of aluminum nitride (AlN) particles. Benefiting from the in situ reaction between Li and AlN, a hybrid network of highly Li<sup>+</sup>-conductive Li<sub>3</sub>N and lithiophilic LiAl alloy is uniformly generated within the carbon framework, creating a mixed electron/ion conduction pathway. This 3D architecture provides enhanced interfacial area, homogenizes Li<sup>+</sup> flux, buffers volume expansion, and effectively suppresses dendritic Li deposition. Consequently, symmetric cells achieve ultrastable cycling for over 2400 h at 1 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. When paired with a LiFePO<sub>4</sub> cathode, full cells deliver 158 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and retain 82.2% capacity after 500 cycles at 1 C. Moreover, with a sulfur cathode, the full cell achieves a high capacity of 1167 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> with 86% retention after 100 cycles at 0.2 C and 70.8% retention after 450 cycles at 1 C.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microstructural and Interfacial Engineering of NASICON-Type Na1+xZr2SixP3−xO12 Electrolytes for Solid-State Sodium Metal Batteries: A Review","authors":"Muhammad Abaid Ashraf, Chan-Jin Park","doi":"10.1002/batt.70507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70507","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Solid-state sodium metal batteries (SSSMBs) are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems due to their high theoretical energy density, inherent safety, and abundant sodium (Na) reserves. The realization of practical SSSMBs relies on the development of advanced inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs). Among the ISEs investigated, NASICON-type Na<sub>1</sub><sub>+</sub><sub><i>x</i></sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>Si<sub><i>x</i></sub>P<sub>3</sub><sub>−</sub><sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>12</sub> (0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 3, NZSP) solid electrolytes have attracted significant attention for their excellent chemical stability, environmental robustness, and wide electrochemical stability window. However, their practical implementation remains constrained by insufficient room-temperature Na<sup>+</sup> conductivity, stemming from sluggish bulk transport and high grain-boundary impedance, and by an unstable Na/NZSP interface that elevates interfacial resistance and promotes dendrite-induced failure during cycling. This review examines the structural and electrochemical features of NZSP solid electrolytes and critically analyzes the key factors governing Na<sup>+</sup> transport across the bulk crystal lattice, grain boundaries, and interfacial regions. Building on this foundation, it surveys recent advances in doping, grain-boundary engineering, and interfacial modification aimed at enhancing the ionic conductivity of NZSP solid electrolytes and stabilizing the Na/NZSP interface. Overall, NZSP modification strategies are inherently multifunctional, and integrated designs concurrently addressing bulk transport, grain-boundary conduction, and interfacial stability offer a particularly promising route toward practical, dendrite-free SSSMBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yineng Li, Ze Feng, Yuhui Wei, Weigang Wang, Dan Sun, Yougen Tang, Haiyan Wang
{"title":"Titanium-Stabilized LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4@C Cathode: Alleviating Stress Release and Interfacial Degradation for High-Energy Lithium Batteries","authors":"Yineng Li, Ze Feng, Yuhui Wei, Weigang Wang, Dan Sun, Yougen Tang, Haiyan Wang","doi":"10.1002/batt.70484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70484","url":null,"abstract":"<p>LiMn<sub><i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>PO<sub>4</sub> (LMFP) is a promising cathode material due to its high operating voltage, excellent low-temperature performance, and cost-effectiveness. However, several unavoidable defects, such as the rapid decay of the manganese plateau and the continuously increasing direct current resistance (DCR), greatly restrict its further application. Here, we separately investigated the anionic PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> and cationic Ti<sup>4+</sup> modification for the LMFP cathode. The results show that Ti modification improves the bulk structure and interfacial stability, while also reducing the particle size. This is beneficial for alleviating stress release of the LMFP under high voltage and inhibiting interfacial transition metal dissolution, thus significantly improving the electrochemical performance. The Ti-modified sample of Ti-LMFP@C exhibits an initial capacity of 125.88 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> in 18650 full cell at 1C rate, with a capacity retention of 96.98% even after 300 cycles, which is much higher than the bare sample and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>-modified sample. In addition, the Ti-LMFP@C battery presents a lower DCR under different states of charge (SOC). The cycled battery disassembly analysis confirms that the transition metal dissolution can be effectively suppressed and the anode structure stability can be improved through the Ti modification. These findings provide a practical strategy for designing a high-performance LMFP-based cathode.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lu Xiong, Lun Zhang, Guanghan Zhu, Feng Ryan Wang, Zhangxiang Hao, Junrun Feng
{"title":"Binder Engineering in Sulfide-Based All-Solid-State Batteries: Mechanical Resilience, Chemical Compatibility, and Transport Regulation","authors":"Lu Xiong, Lun Zhang, Guanghan Zhu, Feng Ryan Wang, Zhangxiang Hao, Junrun Feng","doi":"10.1002/batt.70502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70502","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are promising next-generation energy-storage systems owing to their high ionic conductivity, favorable deformability, and compatibility with high-energy electrodes. Replacing liquid electrolytes with solid ion conductors fundamentally changes electrode operation from liquid-mediated wetting to contact-dependent solid-state transport. Consequently, polymer binders are no longer passive adhesives but multifunctional interphases that maintain solid–solid contact, regulate stress evolution, stabilize interfaces, and preserve ion/electron transport pathways. This review summarizes recent advances in binder engineering for sulfide-based ASSBs from the perspectives of mechanical resilience, chemical compatibility, and transport regulation. We first discuss the key failure mechanisms governing binder design, including contact loss, stress accumulation, interfacial degradation, solvent incompatibility, and transport obstruction. Representative strategies are then reviewed, including elastic and stress-dissipating binders, dynamic and mechanically adaptive networks, polarity-regulated and solvent-compatible architectures, postactivated adhesive binders, and ion-conductive binders. Finally, we propose a multidimensional evaluation framework based on cycling durability, cell operating-voltage range, cathode chemistry, and testing conditions. By redefining binders as multifunctional mechano-chemical-transport regulators, this review provides design principles for linking molecular binder engineering with practical sulfide-based ASSB manufacturing and operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Savitridevi Nadavurmath, Dharmapura H. K. Murthy, Debasis Ghosh, Gurunatha Kargal Laxminarayana
{"title":"Synergistic Interactions Between VO2(M) and Ti3C2 Self-Assembled Composite for High-Performance Supercapacitor","authors":"Savitridevi Nadavurmath, Dharmapura H. K. Murthy, Debasis Ghosh, Gurunatha Kargal Laxminarayana","doi":"10.1002/batt.70505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70505","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deployment of sustainable and high-performance energy storage devices requires rational design of materials with tailored properties. One effective approach is the rational development of hybrid nanostructures. Among various materials, VO<sub>2</sub> and Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene composites offer a promising pathway by addressing their intrinsic shortcomings through synergistic interactions. Herein, VO<sub>2</sub>(M)@Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> hybrid composites are employed in a symmetric energy storage system via hydrothermally induced self-assembled growth followed by annealing. The three-electrode configuration of the as-synthesized VO<sub>2</sub>(M)@Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> hybrid composites delivered a high specific capacity of 264.2 C g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. Further, the electrochemical performance in a symmetric device operating within a wide potential window of 0–1.6 V delivered a specific capacity of 85.3 C g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 A g<sup>−1</sup> with a high energy density of 67.6 and 9.6 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at power densities of 288 and 14,400 W kg<sup>−1</sup>. Simultaneously, this electrode has shown 100% capacitive retention and Coulombic efficiency over 8000 cycles at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. The charge-storage mechanism is found to be diffusion/intercalation-dominated pseudo-capacitance, with no bulk phase change upon repetitive cycling. Overall, the VO<sub>2</sub>(M)@Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> electrode in both the three-electrode and symmetric systems showcases its potential as a promising electrode material for next-generation supercapacitive energy storage devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sourab Barath Vijayaraghavan, Soorya Saravanan, Mohammed Alabdali, Pei Sun, Alejandro A. Franco
{"title":"Accelerated Parameter Optimization of Granular Models of Battery Manufacturing","authors":"Sourab Barath Vijayaraghavan, Soorya Saravanan, Mohammed Alabdali, Pei Sun, Alejandro A. Franco","doi":"10.1002/batt.70490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70490","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mesoscale particle simulations play a crucial role in investigating the manufacturing processes of electrochemical energy devices. They enable physical insights into the processes while building datasets to train AI surrogates for electrode microstructure and manufacturing optimization. Hence, the automation of parameter optimization for mesoscale simulations remains imperative. Optimization algorithms that do not require prior knowledge or experience simulating a specific chemistry/system are the ideal solution. One such optimizer is the particle swarm optimizer (PSO). However, in the classical serial implementation, the evaluation time varies across different parameter sets. This means the optimizer has to wait for all simulations to finish at each iteration, which can lead to unnecessary use of computational resources. This study presents an optimization framework that implements asynchronous PSO (APSO), enabling more efficient resource use to find the global optimum, i.e., parameter values that yield model outputs that agree with experiments. The effect of different APSO configurations on convergence was tested. The framework was then used to find the optimal parameters for two different mesoscale discrete element method simulations. The data acquired from the automated search were then analyzed to study the models’ behavior within the chosen parameter search space.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/batt.70490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonas Mercken, An-Sofie Kelchtermans, Dries De Sloovere, Bjorn Joos, Gianfabio Mangione, Younas Verhille, Sander Smeets, Peter Adriaensens, Elien Derveaux, Mohammadhosein Safari, Marlies K. Van Bael, An Hardy
{"title":"Controlling Ionic Conductivity, Electrochemical Stability, and Interfacial Contact With Ionogel Electrolytes in Solid-State Sodium-Metal Batteries","authors":"Jonas Mercken, An-Sofie Kelchtermans, Dries De Sloovere, Bjorn Joos, Gianfabio Mangione, Younas Verhille, Sander Smeets, Peter Adriaensens, Elien Derveaux, Mohammadhosein Safari, Marlies K. Van Bael, An Hardy","doi":"10.1002/batt.70508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70508","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sodium-ion batteries are promising as a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to lithium-ion batteries because they rely less on critical raw materials. However, most sodium-ion batteries use flammable liquid electrolytes. Replacing these with nonflammable solid-like electrolytes can improve safety, reduce leakage, and increase energy density. Ionogels, which immobilize ionic liquid electrolytes within a solid matrix, are particularly attractive because they combine the advantages of ionic liquids, including high thermal stability, ionic conductivity, safety, and electrochemical stability, with the benefits of solid electrolytes. Despite these advantages, optimizing electrode–electrolyte interfacial contact remains a key but understudied challenge. This work examines how liquid loading and salt concentration affect the mechanical properties and interfacial contact of silica-based ionogels. Increasing both parameters reduces the Young’s modulus to as low as 22 MPa while maintaining high ionic conductivity (4.3 mS cm<sup>−1</sup>). Higher salt concentrations improve compatibility with sodium metal and increase the critical current density to 0.5 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. NTP/Na cells using ionogels with the highest salt concentration (ILE_0.3) and an ionic liquid-to-silica ratio of 1.5:1 deliver 101 ± 4.6 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>, comparable to cells containing a flammable liquid electrolyte (99 ± 0.4 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>).</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malaurie Paillot, Alan Wong, Caroline Keller, Carine Mouchaham, Bénédicte Montigny, Pascale Roy, Jean-Blaise Brubach, Sophie Le Caër, Magali Gauthier
{"title":"Anion-Dependent Structure and Properties of Concentrated Aqueous Magnesium Electrolytes","authors":"Malaurie Paillot, Alan Wong, Caroline Keller, Carine Mouchaham, Bénédicte Montigny, Pascale Roy, Jean-Blaise Brubach, Sophie Le Caër, Magali Gauthier","doi":"10.1002/batt.70499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70499","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Highly concentrated aqueous electrolytes have revitalized the field of aqueous batteries. Herein, we investigated the influence of anions on the physicochemical characteristics, solvation structure, and electrochemical behavior of magnesium aqueous electrolytes. Four salts, featuring acetate, nitrate, perchlorate, and imide anions, were selected to span a wide range of chaotropic and kosmotropic behaviors according to the Hofmeister classification. By combining <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>17</sup>O NMR, and infrared spectroscopy with viscosity measurements, a strong correlation emerges between the anion’s nature and its ability to weaken (chaotropicity) or reinforce (kosmotropicity) the water hydrogen-bond network. For the nitrate, at the boundary between chaotropic and kosmotropic behavior, and the weakly chaotropic perchlorate, results suggest a uniform solvation around [Mg(H<sub>2</sub>O)<i><sub>x</sub></i>]<sup>2+</sup> clusters; NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> may retain some interaction with water around Mg<sup>2+</sup>, while ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> appears more decoupled from Mg<sup>2+</sup>. In contrast, the strongly chaotropic TFSI<sup>−</sup> (bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion) induces a more pronounced perturbation of the hydrogen-bond network, with TFSI<sup>−</sup> largely outside the Mg<sup>2+</sup> hydration shell. Finally, the anion-dependent solvation contributes to electrochemical performance. A 4 m magnesium perchlorate electrolyte exhibits markedly enhanced capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency than a 4 m magnesium acetate electrolyte. However, the overall electrochemical behavior cannot be described by a simple monotonic relationship with the Hofmeister classification.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/batt.70499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sayed Mohammed Adnan, Mohd Shoeb, Fouzia Mashkoor, Changyoon Jeong
{"title":"Elemental-Descriptor-Based Machine Learning for Model-Consistency-Guided Screening of Binary Metal–Nonmetal Supercapacitor Electrodes","authors":"Sayed Mohammed Adnan, Mohd Shoeb, Fouzia Mashkoor, Changyoon Jeong","doi":"10.1002/batt.70504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70504","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The discovery of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes remains constrained by experimental trial-and-error and heterogeneous literature data. A physically informed machine-learning framework is presented to estimate the specific capacitance of binary metal–nonmetal systems using a compact and interpretable descriptor space. A curated dataset of 60 experimentally reported materials was constructed from more than 300 literature entries through strict completeness and consistency screening. Seven descriptors were considered, including metal first ionization energy, nonmetal electronegativity, specific surface area, crystallite size, electrolyte conductivity, current density, and potential window. Artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector regression (SVR) models were developed to capture nonlinear relationships while maintaining generalization. The models achieved strong predictive performance, with <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> values of 0.95 for ANN and 0.92 for SVR and average absolute relative errors of approximately 20%. Sensitivity analyses revealed physically consistent relationships between descriptors and capacitance. ANN–SVR agreement was further used as a heuristic model-consistency indicator to flag extrapolation-sensitive predictions. The framework therefore enables conservative, trend-level prioritization of promising binary metal–nonmetal electrodes before experimental validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MoTe2 as a Promising High-Capacity Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Vikas Yadav, Rajendra K. Singh","doi":"10.1002/batt.70480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70480","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growing global demand for advanced energy storage device solutions has driven extensive research into high-capacity electrode materials. Layered two-dimensional (2D) materials are particularly promising as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries owing to their high theoretical capacities. In this work, high-purity crystalline MoTe<sub>2</sub> was prepared through a modified Bridgman technique and evaluated as an anode for sodium-ion storage. X-ray diffraction analysis verified the high crystallinity of the synthesized phase, and field emission scanning electron microscopy images showed a bulk layered morphology. Electrochemically, the material delivered adischarge capacity of ~350 mAh/g at 20 mA/g and achieved a maximum specific capacitance of 419 F/g. The anode also displayed stable cycling performance, retaining approximately 67% of its initial capacity after 450 cycles. In a full-cell setup with NaNi<sub>0.4</sub>Fe<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.4</sub>O<sub>2</sub> as the cathode and MoTe<sub>2</sub> as the anode, an initial capacity of 260 mAh/g was obtained at 40 mA/g. Density function theory simulations, incorporating density of states and electron localization function analyses, revealed a semiconductor electronic character with a band gap near 1 eV. This electronic structure supports efficient electron transfer during cycling, contributing to the improved electrochemical behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}