Lily A. Robertson, Ilya A. Shkrob, Zhiguang Li, Garvit Agarwal, Zhou Yu, Rajeev S. Assary, Lei Cheng, Lu Zhang, Zhengcheng Zhang
{"title":"Designer Fluorescent Redoxmer Self-Reports Side Reactions in Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries","authors":"Lily A. Robertson, Ilya A. Shkrob, Zhiguang Li, Garvit Agarwal, Zhou Yu, Rajeev S. Assary, Lei Cheng, Lu Zhang, Zhengcheng Zhang","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400597","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The state of health (SOH) is a critical measure for evaluating and predicting performance of redox flow batteries (RFBs). However, diagnosing SOH of RFBs is often challenging due to the overwhelming complexity of the electrolytes and associated electrochemical reactions. Designing active molecules or redoxmers that can autonomously exhibit property changes upon specific stimuli may provide a viable way for early diagnosis of SOH. Herein, a dimerized redoxmer, <b>DGL-N-CH<sub>3</sub></b>, was designed and synthesized by linking blue-green fluorescent monomers through a diglycolamide linker. While <b>DGL-N-CH<sub>3</sub></b> still maintains similar electrochemical behavior and strong fluorescence, we observe a unique side reaction when cycling <b>DGL-N-CH<sub>3</sub></b> in H-cells, which leads to a side product, <b>NHCH<sub>3</sub>-BzNSN</b> via linker cleavage. Interestingly, <b>NHCH<sub>3</sub>-BzNSN</b> also emits fluorescence but at a longer wavelength. By taking advantage of this unique fluorescent change that corresponds to the growth of <b>NHCH<sub>3</sub>-BzNSN</b>, we successfully established the capacity decay of <b>DGL-N-CH<sub>3</sub></b> H-cell cycling, exemplifying a proof-of-concept self-reporting redoxmer design towards <i>in situ</i> SOH monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/batt.202400597","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaohong Tan, Chi Fang, Zhongqi Liang, Zhengjie Xu, Jiaxin Zheng, Xianqi Xu, Yufeng Jin, Guoshen Yang, Hang Zhou
{"title":"Modulating Electrolyte Solvation Structure for High-Voltage and Low-Temperature Magnesium-Ion Supercapacitors","authors":"Xiaohong Tan, Chi Fang, Zhongqi Liang, Zhengjie Xu, Jiaxin Zheng, Xianqi Xu, Yufeng Jin, Guoshen Yang, Hang Zhou","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400620","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aqueous supercapacitors have great potential in energy storage devices due to their high-power density and safety. However, due to the water hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the electrochemical stabilization window of aqueous electrolytes needs to be widened. Moreover, the application of aqueous electrolyte at low temperature is often limited by the freezing point of water. In this paper, we modulate the solvation structure of aqueous magnesium-ion supercapacitors by using sulfolane as a co-solvent. The modulated low salt concentration hybrid electrolyte extends the electrochemical stability window of the electrolyte to 2.9 V and enhances the stability of the electrolyte at extreme temperatures, as well as provides safe and non-flammable properties. Based on the hybrid electrolyte, the water-organic hybrid magnesium-ion supercapacitors (HMSCs) are able to operate within an enlarged voltage range of 0–2.2 V at a low temperature of −30 °C. The HMSC shows a specific capacitance of up to 58 F/g at room temperature and retains a specific capacitance of 39 F/g at a current density of 15 A/g, demonstrating a good rate performance. Furthermore, after 15,000 cycles at a charge/discharge current density of 5 A/g, the HMSC sustain 88 % specific capacitance. It also has an outstanding cycling performance at −30 °C, maintaining a specific capacitance of more than 92 % after 20,000 cycles. These findings suggest that modulating the solvation structure by organic solvent additive is an effective solutions enabling high-voltage and low-temperature aqueous supercapacitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Constructing a Spider-Web Polymer Blocking Layer on Separator for the High-Loading Li-S Battery","authors":"Qian Zhang, Jiajun Wan, Qingping Gao, Jie Liu","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400558","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cycling performance of high-loading Li−S batteries is still puzzled by the serious shuttle effect of polysulfides. Modifying the commercial separator with polysulfide anchoring materials has been demonstrated as an economical and effective approach to block the polysulfide shuttle. Herein, a cobweb-like polymer polysulfide-blocking layer has been constructed via crosslinking between lithium polysilicate (LP) inorganic oligomer and tannic acid (TA) dendritic polymer. Owing to the strongly polar Si−O and Si=O bonds in LP, the spider-web polymer possesses robust affinity towards polysulfides, indicated by the theoretical calculations. Dendritic polymer TA as the skeleton contributes to effectively exposing the abundant polar functional groups to powerfully capture the polysulfides. As a result, the cycling stability of high-loading Li−S batteries has been obviously improved. The Li−S battery with sulfur loading of 3.44 mg cm<sup>−2</sup> can stably cycle 100 cycles with a high capacity of 685.1 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and columbic efficiency of 99.82 %. Even the sulfur loading increases to 7.15 mg cm<sup>−2</sup>, the Li−S battery can still deliver a high areal capacity of 5.26 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup> after 50 cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Close-Packed One-Dimensional Coordination Polymer Cathode with Fast Kinetics for Sodium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Yi-An Lo, Trakarn Yimtrakarn, Teng-Hao Chen, Jui-Chin Lee, Watchareeya Kaveevivitchai","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400525","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustainable sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have gained tremendous attention; however, the large-sized Na<sup>+</sup> poses serious challenges on the development of inorganic-based cathodes. To overcome the issues, metal–organic electrode materials are appealing because they combine attractive characteristics of organic redox centers (e. g., flexibility, highly reversible redox properties, fast kinetics (regardless of size and charge of guest ions), structural/redox tunability, and resource abundance) with structural stability arising from metal-ligand coordination. Herein, a one-dimensional copper−benzoquinoid coordination polymer (CP), [CuL(Py)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>n</sub>, (LH<sub>4</sub>=1,4-dicyano-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxybenzene, Py=pyridine) is investigated as cathode for SIBs. As opposed to most CPs reported for SIBs which possess high porosity and surface area, this close-packed CP can deliver discharge capacity as high as 277 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 2C (~523 mA g<sup>−1</sup>), and at extremely high rates of 50C and 300C (~13 and 78 A g<sup>−1</sup>), reversible capacities of 131 and 74 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> still can be delivered, respectively. The transport kinetics of Na<sup>+</sup> in [CuL(Py)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>n</sub> is found to be even faster than that of Li<sup>+</sup> despite the close-packed structure. The mechanistic and kinetic studies have been performed. The findings gained in this work undoubtedly unravel a potential design strategy for high-performance metal–organic electrode materials for emerging post-Li-ion batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rainer Götz, Michael Wagner, Kun-Ting Song, Leon Katzenmeier, Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka
{"title":"Combined Impedance and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Investigating the Dynamics of Li/Solid Li-ion Conductor Interfaces","authors":"Rainer Götz, Michael Wagner, Kun-Ting Song, Leon Katzenmeier, Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400570","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used tool for the electrochemical characterization of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) with Li-metal anodes. However, an unambiguous interpretation of the observed impedance response often requires additional independent information on the actual interfacial phenomena obtained. The measurement methodology presented in this study allows to conduct electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and EIS concurrently. Therefore, the informative power of EIS experiments can be significantly improved <i>via</i> monitoring of structural changes of paramagnetic lithium at the electrochemical interface. As the solid-electrolyte-lithium interface is a critical part of all-solid-state batteries, this study employs a model oxide solid electrolyte in contact with lithium metal. During the polarization of the cell with thin evaporated lithium electrodes, the ratio between positive and negative peaks (<i>a/b</i>) of the EPR signal momentarily rises, which indicates an accumulation of lithium on one side of the electrolyte. The peak ratio <i>a/b</i> then drops abruptly, accompanied by current irregularities. Both are indicative of a diminishing contact area, and as a result, finer lithium morphologies form. Shortly after that, a contact loss is observed. The change of the EPR signal shape before cell breakdown can hence be associated with the worsening Li-electrolyte contact, providing a tool for physical <i>in-situ</i> cell diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/batt.202400570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phase Regulation Promotes High Rate-Long Term Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Haiyan Yang, Xinhai Li, Zhixing Wang, Huajun Guo, Hui Duan, Jiexi Wang, Guangchao Li, Guochun Yan","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400438","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have evoked much attention, benefiting from the advantages of low cost, high safety and excellent performance at low temperature. Especially, Na<sub>4</sub>Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (NFPP) cathode is considered to be one of the best candidates for SIBs cathode with abundant resources and long-term cycling stability. However, the impurities of NaFePO<sub>4</sub> (NFP) and Na<sub>2</sub>FeP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (NFPO) formed synchronously with NFPP which restrict the further application of NFPP. It is meaningful to clear the formation process and regulate the contents of NFP and NFPO. Therefore, NFPP cathodes with different contents of NFP and NFPO were prepared through high energy ball milling cooperated with post-heat treatment by controlling the Fe concentration in reactants. The NFPP-2.85 showed the best electrochemical performance because of the high content of NFPP and transition zone between NFPP and NFPO which fasts the Na<sup>+</sup> transport kinetics. When employed as cathode for SIBs, the as-prepared NFPP-2.85 showed a specific capacity of 111.8 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 C and maintained at 68.9 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> even at 100 C. The retention ratio was as high as 93.6 % after 1500 cycles at 20 C, implying superior high rate-long term cycling stability. This work provides a new way for impurities regulation and the improvement of NFPP electrochemical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"7 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anode-Free Solid-State Rechargeable Batteries: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Design Strategies","authors":"Zhenwei Tang, Chao Han, Weijie Li","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400585","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anode-free solid-state alkali metal batteries (AFSSAMBs) have emerged as promising high-performance battery systems, attracting significant scientific interest due to their exceptional safety, high theoretical energy density, and cost-effectiveness. Recently, extensive research efforts have focused on addressing the key issues impeding their practical deployment, primarily centered around severe dendrite growth, unstable electrolyte-electrode interface, and low Coulombic efficiency. Despite this progress, a comprehensive framework for the fundamental understanding of AFSSAMBs is still lacking. This paper presents a comprehensive concept, outlining detailed construction, mechanisms, challenges, and strategies of AFSSAMBs. First, the basic configuration and internal mechanisms of AFSSAMBs are summarized. Subsequently, we discuss the existing challenges hindering the cycling lifespan of AFSSAMBs, offering several promising approaches to overcome these obstacles. In the end, insightful perspectives and viewpoints are briefly proposed on the further developments of AFSSAMBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ansgar Lowack, Paula Grun, Rafael Anton, Henry Auer, Kristian Nikolowski, Mareike Partsch, Mihails Kusnezoff, Alexander Michaelis
{"title":"Sputtered Zero-Excess Electrodes with Metallic Seed Layers for Solid-State Sodium Batteries","authors":"Ansgar Lowack, Paula Grun, Rafael Anton, Henry Auer, Kristian Nikolowski, Mareike Partsch, Mihails Kusnezoff, Alexander Michaelis","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400364","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zero-excess sodium metal solid-state batteries offer improved safety, lower cost, higher energy density, and reduced resource dependency compared to today's lithium-ion technology. This study demonstrates the fabrication of zero-excess electrodes with unprecedented stability during plating/stripping cycles. The fabrication process involves the sputter deposition of 20 nm metallic seed layers – zinc, silver, indium, or tin – onto NASICON (Na<sub>3.4</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2.4</sub>P<sub>0.6</sub>O<sub>12</sub>) ceramic separators, followed by the sputter deposition of a 30 μm copper current collector. The favorable influence of these seed layers on the in-situ formation of the sodium|NASICON interface is examined through nucleation and cycling experiments, with a sodium metal reservoir serving as the non-limiting counter electrode. Due to alloy formation the seed layers – particularly tin – stabilize sodium nucleation and cycling substantially and reduce dendrite formation compared to reference cells with bare copper current collectors. Sodium loss during cycling is primarily attributed to local cracking of the current collector and its partial delamination from the NASICON. Compared to polished NASICON, a roughened surface reduces the resistance e. g. of the counter electrode 200-fold to approx. 1 Ωcm<sup>2</sup> at 3 MPa and suppresses delamination further.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/batt.202400364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium-Air Batteries","authors":"Xianhai Qi, Dapeng Liu, Haohan Yu, Zerui Fu, Yu Zhang","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400625","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Li-air batteries (LABs) have attracted widespread attention due to their extremely high theoretical capacity and energy density. However, the practical application of liquid-stateLABs is substantially hindered by safety concerns, including flammability, leakage, and electrolyte decomposition. In comparison, solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) possess excellent mechanical strength, high safety, good stability, and non-flammable characteristics, offering a feasible strategy for achieving stable and practical LABs. In this review, we will focus on the development and challenges of solid-state lithium-air batteries (SSLABs), providing an overview of various types of SSEs and discussing the interfacial issues within SSLABs along with potential solutions, and finally propose strategies and outlooks for advanced SSLABs. It is expected that this review will provide a systematic understanding and theoretical framework to guide the design of high-performance SSLABs.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Operando Investigation of Al Plating Regimes on HOPG in [EMImCl]:AlCl3 by Electrochemical Reflection Anisotropy Spectroscopy","authors":"Mario Löw, Matthias M. May","doi":"10.1002/batt.202400610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.202400610","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rechargeable aluminium batteries show promise as next-generation systems with a more abundant material base than lithium technology. However, the stable native oxide on top of aluminium metal electrodes leads to poor cell performance. Graphite, on the other hand, is a so far rarely investigated alternative that can be used as both the anode and cathode. Here, metallic aluminium is deposited at the anode, while AlCl<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> is intercalated at the cathode. For both cases, understanding the electrode–electrolyte interface is crucial for improving the performance of the battery. In this work, we use reflection anisotropy spectroscopy to study the evolution of the interface under applied potentials. We find that the cathode exhibits an irreversible swelling of the topmost graphite layer due to AlCl<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> intercalation as well as the formation of an SEI during the first voltammetry cycle. On the anode, the electrodeposition of aluminium is initially well-ordered. However, the evolution of the surface morphology depends on the applied potential, with island-like growth at less cathodic potentials, and layer-by-layer growth at more anodic potentials. With the optical <i>operando</i> spectroscopy, we can follow these qualitatively different plating and stripping regimes in a time-resolved manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/batt.202400610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}