Margaux Lefebvre, Séverine Humbert, Antoine Hugon, Mona Marie Obadia, Etienne Girel, Loïc Sorbier
{"title":"Direct Recycling of Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxides: Impact of Shear Milling on Physicochemical and Electrochemical Performance","authors":"Margaux Lefebvre, Séverine Humbert, Antoine Hugon, Mona Marie Obadia, Etienne Girel, Loïc Sorbier","doi":"10.1002/batt.70413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70413","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In response to the growing demand for sustainable recycling solutions in the lithium-ion battery industry, direct recycling has emerged as a promising approach for production scraps to preserve the functional integrity of unused cathode materials. This study focuses on the first step of the process, studying the effect of shear milling on the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of NMC622 cathode materials: pristine NMC powders, dried slurries, and electrode manufacturing scraps. Depending on the energy supplied to the system, shear milling could induce partial fragmentation of NMC secondary particles and slight alterations of the crystalline structure, increasing the microstrain rate. Electrochemical tests highlight the detrimental effect of these alterations on electrochemical performance, with a decrease in specific capacity and rate capability. Investigations on electrode manufacturing scraps also demonstrate that in this case, the aluminum current collector acts as a protective component during milling and significantly limits the fragmentation of NMC secondary particles as well as the crystalline structure alteration, compared to isolated NMC material at equivalent milling energy. This work demonstrates that the first step of the direct recycling process, shear milling, is already critical and must be carefully controlled to preserve the structure of the NMC and its electrochemical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/batt.70413","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Applications of Polymer Ion Exchange Membranes for Flow Electrochemical Devices","authors":"Le Yang, Yuhang Zhang, Pinyi Chen, Xin Chen, Zhilin Zhang, Jia-Jia Chen","doi":"10.1002/batt.70417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70417","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) are pivotal components in electrochemical energy technologies such as fuel cells, water electrolyzers, and redox flow batteries. This review systematically analyses recent advances and structure-performance relationships in IEMs, categorized into cation exchange membranes (CEMs) and anion exchange membranes (AEMs). For CEMs, strategies like inorganic hybridization and microporous polymer design effectively enhance proton conductivity while mitigating fuel crossover and swelling. For AEMs, approaches including ether-free polymer backbones, side-chain engineering, and cross-linked networks improve hydroxide ion conductivity and chemical stability in alkaline environments. The discussion highlights how tailored material design—from perfluorinated and hydrocarbon-based polymers to emerging covalent organic frameworks—governs device efficiency, durability, and scalability. Finally, future research directions are outlined to overcome existing challenges and accelerate the development of next-generation IEMs for sustainable energy conversion and storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peeyush Pandey, Prithiviraj Patra, Mohammad Qureshi
{"title":"Regulating Zn2+ Diffusion Dynamics in Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries by Tweaking Coordination Sites in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Cathode","authors":"Peeyush Pandey, Prithiviraj Patra, Mohammad Qureshi","doi":"10.1002/batt.70420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70420","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Functional quinone units with π-conjugated frameworks are promising organic cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). The critical drawbacks of quinone unit–containing electrodes are poor electronic conductivity and dissolution during electrochemical cycling, which poses a limitation in their practical deployment. Herein, we report a rational strategy of constructing organic–inorganic hybrid cathode that synergistically overcomes the intrinsic drawbacks including dissolution, limited conductivity, and sluggish electrochemical kinetics. In situ grown C─S─C enriched copolymer of quinone unit and thiophene (Pbz-Th) on nitrogen-doped siliconoxycarbide (g-(C/N)SiO) is explored as a cathode material in AZIB. Mechanistic investigations led by spectroscopic analysis reveal that oxygen and sulfur moieties in the copolymer participate in Zn<sup>2+</sup> coordination, enabling reversible Zn<sup>2+</sup> storage and enhanced reaction kinetics, whereas g-(C/N)SiO exhibits a fast and reversible pseudocapacitive charge-storage process. Notably, the C─S units within the copolymer and the auxiliary active sites of g-(C/N)SiO contribute to reversible surface redox processes, leading to enhanced capacitance and improved cycling stability. The resulting Pbz-Th@g-(C/N)SiO cell delivers a maximum discharge capacity of 181 mAhg<sup>−1</sup> at 0.05 Ag<sup>−1</sup> with 97% Coulombic efficiency and capacity retention of 90% over 500 cycles at 1 Ag<sup>−1</sup>. Integrating redox-active organic motifs with a conductive g-(C/N)SiO scaffold addresses dissolution, enhances electronic transport, and improves interfacial kinetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bimetallic Modified N-Doped Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts in Rechargeable Zn-Air Battery","authors":"Quanyu Wen, Aoji Liang, Chen Wang, Xuan Xie, Hui Peng, Imran Shakir, Guofu Ma, Yuxi Xu","doi":"10.1002/batt.70416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70416","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon nanofibers (CNFs), featuring interconnected network characteristics, have attracted considerable attention as electrocatalyst supports due to their tunable morphology, high specific surface area, and abundant porous structure. However, their practical application is still limited by insufficient intrinsic activity. Herein, we successfully prepared cobalt (Co) and molybdenum (Mo) co-embedded nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanofibers (a-Co/Mo@NCNFs) as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts via electrospinning followed by high-temperature pyrolysis. The introduction of Mo as an electronic modulator can tailor the electronic structure of Co sites, thereby optimizing the adsorption/desorption behavior of oxygen-containing intermediates. Meanwhile, the hierarchical porous architecture facilitates rapid mass/electron transport and maximizes the exposure of catalytic sites. The optimized a-Co/Mo@NCNFs catalyst exhibits outstanding bifunctional electrocatalytic activity, delivering a half-wave potential of 0.831 V for oxygen reduction reaction and a low overpotential of 371 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> for oxygen evolution reaction. Notably, Zn-air battery based on the catalyst achieved higher open circuit voltage and power density than the benchmark Pt/C+RuO<sub>2</sub> system, demonstrating its great potential as an efficient and durable alternative for energy conversion and storage applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minyeong Choi, Chanho An, Hyochan Lee, Jinsub Lim, Woo-Jin Song, Kyung Jin Lee
{"title":"Electrospun Polyimide Membrane for Mechanically and Thermally Durable High Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Separator","authors":"Minyeong Choi, Chanho An, Hyochan Lee, Jinsub Lim, Woo-Jin Song, Kyung Jin Lee","doi":"10.1002/batt.70415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70415","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Development of innovative processing methods capable of manufacturing large-scale separators with high production efficiency while achieving thermal stability and mechanical robustness is essential for high-performance lithium-ion battery development. In this study, we proposed a scalable approach to produce nonwoven nanofiber web-based polyimide (PI) separators, combining syringeless electrospinning with roll-pressing treatment. This process yields large-area poly(amic acid), followed by imidizaition, nanofiber membranes without pore damage, exhibiting excellent mechanical strength (∼22.2 MPa), and thermal stability up to 530 °C without structural deformation. The fabricated PI separator shows high ionic conductivity (3.5 mS cm<sup>−1</sup>) and lithium ion transference number of 0.68. Electrochemical evaluation shows that the NCM622//graphite full cell exhibits 168.9 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> discharge capacity with 86.5% Coulombic efficiency at 0.1 C and retains 143.83 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after 200 cycles at 1 C, demonstrating superior long-term cycling stability at high rate. Additionally, the PI-based cell retains 91.02% of its capacity after 30 cycles at 45 °C under 0.5 C conditions. These results demonstrate that large-scale, high-efficiency processing enables practical production of high-performance PI separators.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/batt.70415","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Drvarič Talian, Thorben Sieling, Ervin Rems, Andreas Linhart, Jan Grosse Austing, Jože Moškon, Miran Gaberšček
{"title":"Physics-Based Transmission Line Model for Explanation of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Spectra of Vanadium-Based Flow Batteries","authors":"Sara Drvarič Talian, Thorben Sieling, Ervin Rems, Andreas Linhart, Jan Grosse Austing, Jože Moškon, Miran Gaberšček","doi":"10.1002/batt.70402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70402","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Existing models describing the impedance response of vanadium flow batteries typically use a bottom-up approach, incrementally adding complexity to simple mathematical descriptions to account for missing transport processes. In this study, we present a reverse, top-down approach by developing a physics-based transmission line model that is general, customizable, and that can be ultimately simplified to a single equation for the studied electrochemical system. The model incorporates transport through the ion-selective membrane, electrolyte-filled pores, and diffusion layer, as well as the reaction at the electrode interface, electronic conductivity of the carbon felt, and contact resistances. This model enables a universal description of flow battery impedance response, which can help identify bottleneck processes and guide improvements in next-generation battery design.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/batt.70402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jillian Rix Mulligan, Dominick P. Guida, Chi Nguyen, Matthew T. Wendling, Xiaotong H. Chadderdon, Joshua W. Gallaway
{"title":"Tracking Zn Particle Movement in Zn–MnO2 Batteries and Incorporating Granular Flow Into a Computational Battery Model","authors":"Jillian Rix Mulligan, Dominick P. Guida, Chi Nguyen, Matthew T. Wendling, Xiaotong H. Chadderdon, Joshua W. Gallaway","doi":"10.1002/batt.70401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70401","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During discharge of alkaline Zn–MnO<sub>2</sub> batteries, nonuniform precipitation of low-density ZnO creates a force that physically pushes Zn particles within the anode. While Zn movement has been qualitatively described in Zn–air batteries, it has not been quantitatively characterized or incorporated into computational models. We present quantitative measurements of Zn particle movement in a discharging cylindrical AA Zn–MnO<sub>2</sub> battery using pseudo-operando X-ray micro-computed tomography and individual particle tracking. Using a custom alignment and machine learning-enabled segmentation workflow, we track individual Zn particles from 0% to 52% depth of discharge (DOD) under a pulsed protocol. Zn particles move inward toward the current collector at an average rate of −5.1×10<sup>−4</sup>/%DOD driven by the spatial gradient of ZnO precipitation. This discharge behavior is reproduced by a computational model in which convective Zn transport is described as granular flow via the Navier–Stokes equation. The modeled movement rate of −5.7×10<sup>−4</sup>/%DOD is within 12% of the experimental value. Because the spatial distribution of Zn determines whether material remains active in the electrode, accurate prediction of Zn movement has direct consequences for estimating usable Zn–MnO<sub>2</sub> battery capacity relevant to real-world use.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/batt.70401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148553383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Electrochemical and Mechanical Investigation of Alkali Ion Insertion into Berlin Green","authors":"Filiz-Pinar Seren, Tolga Akçay, Iurii Panasenko, Fabian Jeschull, Dominik Kramer, Reiner Mönig","doi":"10.1002/batt.70368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70368","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stable electrode materials with reversible ion insertion/extraction are central to developing sodium- and potassium-ion batteries as lithium-ion alternatives. Here, we investigated the impact of different monovalent insertion ions on the performance and reliability of the same electrode. We chose Berlin Green (BG, Fe<sup>III</sup>[Fe<sup>III</sup>(CN)<sub>6</sub>]), a Prussian Blue analog (PBA), due to its rigid structure, ability to accommodate different ion sizes, and two different redox-active Fe atoms. We conducted electrochemical tests, intermittent scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and <i>operando</i> substrate curvature experiments on BG as we changed the counter electrode and electrolyte. With this novel experimental strategy, we report for the first time sequential insertion/extraction of all three ions in/from the same single BG electrode, eliminating electrode variations and ensuring direct comparability of ion insertion, degradation, and stress. While Li<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> follow comparable pathways, K<sup>+</sup> leads to distinct electrochemical and mechanical responses, underscoring ion-specific interactions within the host framework. We demonstrate that BG enables highly reversible insertion/extraction with a high tolerance to ionic size variation and great surface stability, despite volume changes and phase transitions. These results position BG as a model system for understanding alkali ion insertion and as a versatile and sustainable electrode material for future energy storage systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/batt.70368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148553461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Front Cover: Comparative Study of Lithium–Sulfur and Sodium–Sulfur Batteries Using a Binder-Free Hot-Pressed Sulfur Cathode (Batteries & Supercaps 8/2026)","authors":"Hooi Fang (Megan) Tham, Cheng-Che Wu, Sheng-Heng Chung","doi":"10.1002/batt.70431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>The Front Cover</b> highlights a direct comparison between lithium–sulfur and sodium–sulfur batteries using a novel binder-free hot-pressed sulfur cathode that eliminates cathode-related influences. This unique platform enables the intrinsic effects of lithium and sodium metal anodes to be isolated and visualized. Dynamic cycling is depicted in color, whereas static self-discharge is illustrated in grayscale. Distinct passivation layers and ion-diffusion pathways reveal the fundamentally different kinetic, interfacial, and degradation behaviors governing these sulfur-based energy-storage systems. More information can be found in the Research Article by S.-H. Chung and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/batt.70369).\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/batt.70431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148553423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Front Cover: 3-Dimensional Conductive Pathways in Microstructure-Controlled Composite Cathodes for All-Solid-State Batteries (Batteries & Supercaps 7/2026)","authors":"Byung Yeon Kang, Kakeru Murakami, Kenta Watanabe, Yoko Yamada, Kohei Aso, Ryoji Kanno, Masaaki Hirayama","doi":"10.1002/batt.70378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/batt.70378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>The Front Cover</b> shows microstructure-controlled LiCoO<sub>2</sub>-Li<sub>10</sub>GeP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>12</sub> composite cathodes, which were studied by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning spread resistance microscopy, and conductive atomic force microscopy to clarify correlation among microstructures, three-dimensional e<sup>−</sup>/Li<sup>+</sup>-conductive pathways, and charge–discharge properties. It was found that mere “well mixing” is not the whole story owing to interrupted e<sup>−</sup>/Li<sup>+</sup>-conductive pathways. More information can be found in the Research Article by K. Watanabe, M. Hirayama and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/batt.70321).\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":132,"journal":{"name":"Batteries & Supercaps","volume":"9 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/batt.70378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}