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Dilatometric Study of Bainitic Transformation in Advanced Engineering Steels 先进工程钢贝氏体相变的膨胀学研究
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01122-9
M. V. Maisuradze, A. A. Kuklina, M. A. Ryzhkov, E. V. Antakov, V. V. Nazarova
{"title":"Dilatometric Study of Bainitic Transformation in Advanced Engineering Steels","authors":"M. V. Maisuradze,&nbsp;A. A. Kuklina,&nbsp;M. A. Ryzhkov,&nbsp;E. V. Antakov,&nbsp;V. V. Nazarova","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01122-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01122-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A dilatometric study of isothermal bainitic transformation in experimental engineering steels is performed in the temperature range of 300 – 400°C. A method is suggested for calculating the amount of retained austenite in steels after austempering, which is based on the analysis of dilatometric curves. The content of the microstructure constituents formed in the steels during austempering (primary and secondary martensite, bainite, retained austenite) is determined. A generalized kinetic equation is used to analyze the kinetics of the isothermal bainitic transformation. The temperature ranges of formation of bainite with different morphologies and the mechanical properties of the steels after the austempering are determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 1-2","pages":"10 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Steel XAR500 热处理对高强度钢XAR500组织和力学性能的影响
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01131-8
Nguyen Van Minh, Tien Hiep Nguyen, Nguyen Huynh
{"title":"Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Steel XAR500","authors":"Nguyen Van Minh,&nbsp;Tien Hiep Nguyen,&nbsp;Nguyen Huynh","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01131-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01131-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The microstructure and mechanical properties of XAR500 steel are studied after two different heat treatment modes, i.e., after annealing and after quenching followed by tempering. The microstructure of the steel is studied using atomic emission spectroscopy and light microscopy. The mechanical properties of the steel are determined by measuring the HB/HBW hardness and by static tensile tests. An effective annealing mode is recommended for ensuring high technological properties of the steel (deformability and machinability).</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 1-2","pages":"76 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phase Transformations in Low-Activation Chromium-Manganese Austenitic Steel under Long-Term Aging 低活化铬锰奥氏体钢在长期时效下的相变
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01133-6
I. Yu. Litovchenko, S. A. Akkuzin, N. A. Polekhina, K. V. Spiridonova, V. V. Osipova
{"title":"Phase Transformations in Low-Activation Chromium-Manganese Austenitic Steel under Long-Term Aging","authors":"I. Yu. Litovchenko,&nbsp;S. A. Akkuzin,&nbsp;N. A. Polekhina,&nbsp;K. V. Spiridonova,&nbsp;V. V. Osipova","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01133-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01133-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>X-ray diffractometry and scanning and transmission electron microscopy are used to investigate structural and phase transformations in low-activation chromium-manganese austenitic steel under long-term (500 h) aging at 700°C in quenched and cold-rolled conditions and its mechanical properties are determined. Particles of M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> precipitate after aging over the boundaries of grains and microtwins as well as inside grains on components of microstructural defects and fine particles of MC carbides. The aging lowers the strength properties of the steel. The post-aging structure of the quenched steel contains particles of a FeCrMn σ-phase, which reduces the elongation to 7% in tensile tests at room temperature to 7%. Brittle fracture components associated with the σ-phase appear on the fracture surfaces and are partially preserved at elevated test temperatures (600 – 700°C). The possibilities of adjusting the chemical composition and the treatment modes of novel low-activation austenitic steels aimed at prevention of formation of σ-phase under long-term aging in the operating temperature range (650 – 700°C) are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 1-2","pages":"89 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Hafnium Alloying on the Structure, Phase Composition and Properties of Cold-Deformed Biocompatible Zr51–xTi31Nb18Hfx (x = 2 – 10 At.%) Alloys Subjected to Annealing 铪合金化对退火冷变形生物相容性Zr51-xTi31Nb18Hfx （x = 2 - 10 At.%）合金组织、相组成及性能的影响
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01125-6
S. V. Grib, S. M. Illarionova, A. S. Yurovskikh, A. G. Illarionov
{"title":"Effect of Hafnium Alloying on the Structure, Phase Composition and Properties of Cold-Deformed Biocompatible Zr51–xTi31Nb18Hfx (x = 2 – 10 At.%) Alloys Subjected to Annealing","authors":"S. V. Grib,&nbsp;S. M. Illarionova,&nbsp;A. S. Yurovskikh,&nbsp;A. G. Illarionov","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01125-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01125-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cold-deformed biocompatible alloys Zr<sub>51–<i>x</i></sub>Ti<sub>31</sub>Nb<sub>18</sub>Hf<sub><i>x</i></sub> (<i>x</i> =2– 10 at.%) are investigated after 1-h annealing at 700°C and furnace cooling. The structure, phase composition and texture of the alloys are studied using x-rays phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction after micro-indentation and tensile testing. A methodology tested on titanium alloys is used to derive a formula for calculating the temperature of transition of zirconium alloys to a single-phase β-range (the temperature of polymorphic transformation <i>T</i><sub>pt</sub>). It is shown that decrease in the hafnium content provides more developed recrystallization and decelerates the decomposition of the β-solid solution during annealing yielding different second phases (ω, α″, α). The effect of the alloying with hafnium on the textural condition of the alloys during annealing is considered. The relation between the structural and phase conditions of the alloys and their physical and mechanical properties is established and recommendations are developed on the hafnium content ensuring a balanced combination of properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 1-2","pages":"33 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structure and Properties of Sheets from Heat-Resistant Titanium Alloy VT8 耐热钛合金VT8板材的结构与性能
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01126-5
M. S. Kalienko, M. O. Leder, A. V. Volkov, A. V. Zhelnina, A. A. Popov
{"title":"Structure and Properties of Sheets from Heat-Resistant Titanium Alloy VT8","authors":"M. S. Kalienko,&nbsp;M. O. Leder,&nbsp;A. V. Volkov,&nbsp;A. V. Zhelnina,&nbsp;A. A. Popov","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01126-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01126-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The most important mechanical properties and the structure of sheets of titanium alloy VT8 after various heat treatments and regular features of its oxidation are studied. Tensile tests of the alloy at room and elevated temperatures and in the mode of superplasticity are conducted. Electron microscope studies and x-ray diffraction phase analysis are performed. It is inferred that sheet alloy VT8 can be used for elements of various structures operating for a long time at elevated temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 1-2","pages":"42 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Cyclic Annealing Mode on Microstructure and Hardness of Structural Steel 50KhFA 循环退火方式对50KhFA结构钢显微组织和硬度的影响
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01130-9
I. D. Pospelov, D. V. Matveeva, Ya. D. Bunina
{"title":"Effect of Cyclic Annealing Mode on Microstructure and Hardness of Structural Steel 50KhFA","authors":"I. D. Pospelov,&nbsp;D. V. Matveeva,&nbsp;Ya. D. Bunina","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01130-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01130-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The microstructure and the hardness of hot-rolled structural steel 50KhFA (0.50-Cr-V)are studied after the employed and newly developed cyclic annealing modes. It is shown that it is impossible to obtain a 100% granular pearlite structure in hot-rolled steel after annealing from the initial ferrite-pearlite condition with typical distribution of the carbide phases. The suggested novel mode of cyclic annealing is more effective, because it provides a more uniform distribution of granular pearlite over the entire cross-section of the annealed rolled product and a significant decrease in the hardness. The new annealing mode is recommended for metallurgical production.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 1-2","pages":"70 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Concentration of Clad Graphite Particles on Tribological Properties of Cold-Sprayed Copper-Matrix Coatings 包覆石墨颗粒浓度对冷喷涂铜基涂层摩擦学性能的影响
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01132-7
V. S. Shikalov, A. A. Lushov, T. M. Vidyuk
{"title":"Effect of Concentration of Clad Graphite Particles on Tribological Properties of Cold-Sprayed Copper-Matrix Coatings","authors":"V. S. Shikalov,&nbsp;A. A. Lushov,&nbsp;T. M. Vidyuk","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01132-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01132-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The structure and tribological properties of self-lubricating Cu – NiP – C coatings deposited on copper substrates by high-pressure cold gas-dynamic spraying are investigated. The coatings are obtained by spraying mixtures of copper and clad graphite powders in an amount of 20, 30 and 40 wt.%. The incorporation of clad particles leads to formation of a lamellar structure and microdefects along the inter-splat boundaries of the copper matrix. Increase in the content of clad particles in the coating causes monotonic growth in its hardness due to shot peening and increases the content of the NiP alloy. Despite the reduction of the coefficient of friction, the wear rate of the composite coatings increases as compared to the pure copper coating. With the increase in the content of clad graphite, the wear mechanism changes from oxidative wear and plastic deformation to delamination and then to abrasive wear.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 1-2","pages":"82 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermal Stability of Retained Austenite in Isothermally Hardened Structural Steels 等温淬火结构钢中残余奥氏体的热稳定性
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01123-8
A. Yu. Kaletin, Yu. V. Kaletina
{"title":"Thermal Stability of Retained Austenite in Isothermally Hardened Structural Steels","authors":"A. Yu. Kaletin,&nbsp;Yu. V. Kaletina","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01123-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01123-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of temperature-time parameters of isothermal hardening in the bainitic transformation range on the thermal stability of retained austenite and impact toughness of sparingly alloyed structural steels 38KhS (38CrSi) and 60S2 (60Si2) is studied. The amount of retained austenite in the steels is determined by a magnetometric method. The fine structure of foils is investigated. Impact bending tests of samples are carried out. It is shown that the thermal stability of the thin foils of retained austenite at liquid nitrogen temperature correlates with the impact toughness of the steels after the isothermal hardening. A magnetic method for assessing the impact toughness of an isothermally hardened structural steel is suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 1-2","pages":"19 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Aging Treatment on Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Al – 0.35Cu – 0.18Sc – 0.06Zr Conductors for High-Performance Applications 时效处理对高性能Al - 0.35Cu - 0.18Sc - 0.06Zr导体机电性能的影响
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01135-4
Chunxin Wang, Chenchi Qu, Xin Qi, Binchuan Li, Qing Han, Xudong Luo
{"title":"Effect of Aging Treatment on Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Al – 0.35Cu – 0.18Sc – 0.06Zr Conductors for High-Performance Applications","authors":"Chunxin Wang,&nbsp;Chenchi Qu,&nbsp;Xin Qi,&nbsp;Binchuan Li,&nbsp;Qing Han,&nbsp;Xudong Luo","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01135-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01135-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of the aging mode on the mechanical and electrical properties of the heat-resistant electrically conductive aluminum alloy Al – 0.35Cu – 0.18Sc – 0.06Zr is studied. It is found that the highest set of operational properties of the alloy is achieved after aging at a temperature of 663 K for 15 hours. After aging under this mode, the microstructure of the alloy is characterized by a uniform distribution of dispersed inclusions of secondary phases Al<sub>3</sub>(Sc, Zr) 10 – 20 nm in size in the aluminum matrix. Such a structure ensures strengthening of the alloy by the Orowan mechanism, due to which the tensile strength increases to 170 MPa. At the same time, there is a significant increase in the electrical conductivity of the alloy to 60.4% IACS due to a decrease in the distortion of the crystal lattice. The results of heat resistance tests in combination with the plotted Arrhenius curves showed that the effective service life of Al – 0.35Cu – 0.18Sc – 0.06Zr conductors at 503 K reaches 350,400 h.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 1-2","pages":"106 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study of the Structure and Properties of Billets from Alloy EP741NP Obtained by Hot Isostatic Pressing 热等静压法制备EP741NP合金坯料的组织与性能研究
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01137-2
A. A. Khlybov, D. A. Ryabov, A. A. Solov’ev, A. A. Shuyanova, A. A. Demchenko
{"title":"Study of the Structure and Properties of Billets from Alloy EP741NP Obtained by Hot Isostatic Pressing","authors":"A. A. Khlybov,&nbsp;D. A. Ryabov,&nbsp;A. A. Solov’ev,&nbsp;A. A. Shuyanova,&nbsp;A. A. Demchenko","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01137-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01137-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The process of formation of the structure and properties in billets from heat-resistant nickel alloy EP741NP obtained by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and the effect of heat treatment (HT) on its characteristics are studied. It is established that the post-HIP billets contain pores and their volume fraction is distributed nonuniformly over cross section. A digital analysis of the microstructure of the material at the periphery and in the center of the billet is used to determine the grain sizes and their anisotropy. The basic mechanical characteristics of the EP741NP alloy after the HIP and the subsequent HT (hardening and three-stage aging) are studied in the temperature range of 20 – 900°C. It is shown that the HT raises the strength characteristics of the EP741NP alloy in the whole of the temperature interval of the tests. The variation of the hardness and of the elastic and shear moduli (<i>E</i> and <i>G</i>) over cross section of the billets is determined after the HIP and subsequent HT.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 1-2","pages":"122 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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