发布求助
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献

Metal Science and Heat Treatment最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Effect of Stage Aging on the Structure and Martensitic Transformation Temperatures of Alloy Ti – 55.6 Wt.% Ni 阶段时效对Ti - 55.6% Wt.% Ni合金组织和马氏体相变温度的影响
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-026-01192-3
M. Yu. Kollerov, D. E. Gusev, O. S. Alsaeva, E. A. Lukina
{"title":"Effect of Stage Aging on the Structure and Martensitic Transformation Temperatures of Alloy Ti – 55.6 Wt.% Ni","authors":"M. Yu. Kollerov,&nbsp;D. E. Gusev,&nbsp;O. S. Alsaeva,&nbsp;E. A. Lukina","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01192-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01192-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of step aging on the phase composition and succession of reverse martensitic transformations of a NiTi-based alloy containing 55.6 wt.% Ni is studied. Metallographic and x-ray diffraction analyses of the alloy are performed, and the temperatures of the reverse martensitic transformation are determined after one-and two-stage aging. It is shown that decrease of the temperature of the second aging stage leads to precipitation of an additional volume fraction of intermetallic compound Ti<sub>3</sub>Ni<sub>4</sub> and increase in the shape recovery temperatures. Increase of the temperature of the second stage results in dissolution of the Ti<sub>3</sub>Ni<sub>4</sub> particles formed in the first stage and decrease in the shape recovery temperatures. The use of stage aging makes it possible to correct accurately the response temperatures of functional articles from titanium nickelide.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"535 - 543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Crucible Diameter on the Microstructure of an Al – Si Alloy Prepared by Controlled Diffusion Solidification 坩埚直径对控制扩散凝固Al - Si合金组织的影响
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-026-01196-z
Xuqiang Yang, Tijun Chen
{"title":"Effect of Crucible Diameter on the Microstructure of an Al – Si Alloy Prepared by Controlled Diffusion Solidification","authors":"Xuqiang Yang,&nbsp;Tijun Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01196-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01196-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of mixing crucible diameter on the microstructure of Al – 8Si (in wt.%) alloy prepared by controlled diffusion solidification were investigated by simulation and experiment. The nucleation and grain growth processes during the whole crystallization were discussed. The simulation results showed that decreasing the crucible diameter was beneficial for improving mixing effect, and thus, achieving a microstructure with finer and more spheroidal primary grains. The experiment results indirectly confirmed this simulation result. The entire process of alloy crystallization is described in detail and step by step, including the stages of nucleation of α-Al grains, their growth at the solid/liquid interface, the formation of a dendritic structure, and the eutectic reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"568 - 578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simulation of the Thermal Cycle of Electron-Beam Welding of Alloy VT6 (Ti – 6Al – 4V) Obtained by Rolling and Selective Laser Melting. 1. Comparative Analysis of Weld Geometry and Microhardness 轧制和选择性激光熔化VT6 （Ti - 6Al - 4V）合金电子束焊接热循环的模拟焊缝几何形状与显微硬度的对比分析
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-026-01188-z
A. A. Yakhin, A. V. Panin
{"title":"Simulation of the Thermal Cycle of Electron-Beam Welding of Alloy VT6 (Ti – 6Al – 4V) Obtained by Rolling and Selective Laser Melting. 1. Comparative Analysis of Weld Geometry and Microhardness","authors":"A. A. Yakhin,&nbsp;A. V. Panin","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01188-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01188-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comparative analysis of the geometrical sizes of zones of welded joints of titanium alloy VT6 (Ti – 6Al – 4V) formed by electron beam welding (EBW) with various parameters is performed. The EBW is simulated by single-pass displacement of electron beam across flat samples of VT6 in two different conditions, i.e., a rolled sheet and selective laser melted (SLM) workpiece. The initial microstructure of alloy VT6 and the beam current intensity in the SLM are shown to affect the geometry of the welded joint. The beam current intensity affects differently the microhardness of the welds subjected to the rolling and to the SLM. The method of metallography is used to demonstrate that the fusibility of the SLM samples is higher than that of the rolled samples at the same EBW modes.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"506 - 513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Thermomechanical Processing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Medium Mn Steel Sheet with Nb Addition 热机械加工对加Nb中Mn钢板组织和力学性能的影响
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-026-01180-7
J. L. Hernández-Rivera, M. O. Ramos Azpeitia, C. G. Garay-Reyes, A. Bedolla-Jacuinde
{"title":"Effect of Thermomechanical Processing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Medium Mn Steel Sheet with Nb Addition","authors":"J. L. Hernández-Rivera,&nbsp;M. O. Ramos Azpeitia,&nbsp;C. G. Garay-Reyes,&nbsp;A. Bedolla-Jacuinde","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01180-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01180-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The microstructural development of a medium Mn steel during hot rolling and intercritical annealing was studied. It was found that after hot rolling the microstructure was composed almost completely of lath martensite with a very small amount of austenite. After that, the material was subjected to 700 and 780°C for 1, 2, and 5 h. It was found that the microstructure of the steel after intercritical annealing treatments was composed of ferrite/martensite and austenite, this last phase exhibited a content that varied from 10 to 25 wt.%. In addition, it was found the presence of NbC precipitates by applying an electrochemical extraction procedure. The best mechanical properties in terms of ultimate tensile strength and elongation were obtained in the steel treated at 700°C while a brittle behavior (low elongation) was observed both in the hot rolled condition and after annealing at 780°C.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"435 - 443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Heat Treatment on Service Properties of Near-Weld Zone of Steel 09G2S (9MnSi5) at Negative Temperatures 热处理对负温度下09G2S （9MnSi5）钢近焊区使用性能的影响
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-026-01189-y
S. A. Yalygin, N. O. Shaposhnikov, B. S. Ermakov, O. V. Shvetsov, D. V. Nechaev
{"title":"Effect of Heat Treatment on Service Properties of Near-Weld Zone of Steel 09G2S (9MnSi5) at Negative Temperatures","authors":"S. A. Yalygin,&nbsp;N. O. Shaposhnikov,&nbsp;B. S. Ermakov,&nbsp;O. V. Shvetsov,&nbsp;D. V. Nechaev","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01189-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01189-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of heat treatment modes under production and laboratory conditions on the microstructure, impact toughness and microhardness of welded joints of steel 09G2S (9MnSi5) at negative temperatures is studied experimentally. It is shown that simulation of normalizing under laboratory conditions ensures the impact toughness values meeting the requirements of the SP.16.13330 Standard at a temperature of up to –60°C. The heat treatment modes used in the production provide an impact toughness meeting the requirements of SP.16.13330 only at a temperature of up to –40°C. In order to meet the impact toughness requirements of SP.16.13330 for welded joints of steel 09G2S (9MnSi5) in each specific case, it is necessary to select appropriately the temperature-and-time parameters of high-frequency welding and of post-welding heat treatment and to specify them in SP.25.13330.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"514 - 520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design and Preparation of Magnesium Alloys with Controllable Biodegradation 可控生物降解镁合金的设计与制备
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-026-01197-y
Yi-Chia Lai, Wei-Zhi Huang, Jen-Tuo Chen, Gunng-Shinng Chen, Ying-Kuan Tsai, Yu-Chih Tzeng, Ren-Yu Chen
{"title":"Design and Preparation of Magnesium Alloys with Controllable Biodegradation","authors":"Yi-Chia Lai,&nbsp;Wei-Zhi Huang,&nbsp;Jen-Tuo Chen,&nbsp;Gunng-Shinng Chen,&nbsp;Ying-Kuan Tsai,&nbsp;Yu-Chih Tzeng,&nbsp;Ren-Yu Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01197-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01197-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The possibility of preventing the formation of macro-segregation and biodegradation of high-alloy, mixed-entropy magnesium-zinc-calcium alloys produced through powder metallurgy is investigated. A process for obtaining such alloys is proposed, including hot pressing into billets, extrusion into rods, and machining into biodegradable magnesium bone nails. It is shown that after the extrusion, the density of the alloys is 97.65%, which ensures their suitability for the manufacture of biomedical implants. It is established that the obtained alloys have controlled biodegradation and improved safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"579 - 586"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simulation of the Thermal Cycle of Electron-Beam Welding of Alloy VT6 (Ti – 6Al – 4V) Obtained by Rolling and Selective Laser Melting. 2. Comparative Analysis of Microstructures and Phase Compositions 轧制和选择性激光熔化VT6 （Ti - 6Al - 4V）合金电子束焊接热循环的模拟显微组织与相组成的对比分析
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-026-01198-x
A. A. Yakhin, A. V. Panin
{"title":"Simulation of the Thermal Cycle of Electron-Beam Welding of Alloy VT6 (Ti – 6Al – 4V) Obtained by Rolling and Selective Laser Melting. 2. Comparative Analysis of Microstructures and Phase Compositions","authors":"A. A. Yakhin,&nbsp;A. V. Panin","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01198-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01198-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comparative analysis of microstructures and phase compositions of various zones of welded joints of titanium alloy VT6 (Ti – 6Al – 4V) obtained by rolling and by selective laser melting (SLM) performed with different electron beam welding (EBW) parameters is carried out. Bead-on-plate electron beam welding is implemented by single-pass displacement of the electron beam across rolled and SLM Ti – 6Al – 4V samples. The results of the metallographic studies demonstrate the influence of the initial microstructure of the Ti – 6Al – 4V alloy and of the EBW beam current on the sizes of the primary grains and plates of the martensitic α/α′ phase formed in the weld and in the heat-affected zone. The volume fraction of the residual β-phase, the crystal lattice parameters of the α/α′ and β-phases, and the magnitude of residual stresses in the welds of the studied samples are measured by x-ray diffraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"587 - 595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamic Prediction of Macro-Geometry and Microstructure Analysis of High-Speed Laser Cladding 高速激光熔覆宏观几何动态预测及显微组织分析
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-026-01187-0
Shirui Guo, Shouwen Ding, Quanbin Du, Shuisheng Chen, Chuan Guo, Lujun Cui, Yinghao Cui, Xiaolei Li, Yongqian Chen, Yue Zhao, Bo Zheng
{"title":"Dynamic Prediction of Macro-Geometry and Microstructure Analysis of High-Speed Laser Cladding","authors":"Shirui Guo,&nbsp;Shouwen Ding,&nbsp;Quanbin Du,&nbsp;Shuisheng Chen,&nbsp;Chuan Guo,&nbsp;Lujun Cui,&nbsp;Yinghao Cui,&nbsp;Xiaolei Li,&nbsp;Yongqian Chen,&nbsp;Yue Zhao,&nbsp;Bo Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01187-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01187-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of high-speed laser cladding process parameters with Fe-based alloy powder on 45 steel substrates on the macroscopic morphology and microstructure of the cladding of cutting head is investigated. A thermal-force coupling model of a dual-ellipsoid heat source for high-speed laser cladding was established. The results of numerical simulation were then used to analyze the temperature field distribution in the cladding. Verification of simulation results performed for cladding mode at 2000 W laser power, 6 m/min scan speed and 18.18 g/min powder feed rate showed their good agreement with experimental data. Comparison of simulation and experiment results showed that the cross-sectional morphology of the coating closely matched the simulation predictions with a maximum size deviation of 8.3%. It was found that the scan speed and powder feed rate significantly affected the width and height of the coating. The microstructure of the coating is influenced by the temperature gradient and solidification rate in the melt pool. The temperature gradient at the top of the coating was approximately one-third of that at the bottom, whereas the solidification rate was eight times higher at the top, resulting in fine grains in the upper region. Overall, high-speed laser cladding produced a refined and more uniformly grown microstructure from bottom to top.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"494 - 505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Alloying and Heat Treatment on Formation of Two-Phase (α + α2) Structure in Titanium Pseudo-α-Alloys 合金化和热处理对钛伪α-合金中两相（α + α2）组织形成的影响
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-026-01183-4
A. A. Popov, N. G. Rossina, N. A. Popov, A. V. Zhelnina, E. N. Popova
{"title":"Effect of Alloying and Heat Treatment on Formation of Two-Phase (α + α2) Structure in Titanium Pseudo-α-Alloys","authors":"A. A. Popov,&nbsp;N. G. Rossina,&nbsp;N. A. Popov,&nbsp;A. V. Zhelnina,&nbsp;E. N. Popova","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01183-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01183-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of alloying on the phase composition and structure of titanium pseudo-α-alloys with elevated aluminum content is studied. Phase diagrams of the studied alloys are plotted using the JMatPro software and exhibit satisfactory agreement between the calculated values and the experimental data. It is shown that the introduction of tantalum into the compositions promotes formation of a two-phase (α + α<sub>2</sub>)-structure with low mismatch of the specific phase volumes in the aged condition, which contributes to elevation of the thermal stability of the structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"462 - 466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Sc and Zr Additions on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of 7075 Aluminum Alloy 添加Sc和Zr对7075铝合金组织、力学性能和腐蚀行为的影响
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-026-01184-3
Qingyue Zhu, Xinying Teng, Zheng Duan, Xiao He, Guorong Zhou, Jinfeng Leng
{"title":"Effect of Sc and Zr Additions on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of 7075 Aluminum Alloy","authors":"Qingyue Zhu,&nbsp;Xinying Teng,&nbsp;Zheng Duan,&nbsp;Xiao He,&nbsp;Guorong Zhou,&nbsp;Jinfeng Leng","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01184-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01184-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effects of different contents of Sc and Zr on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 7075 aluminum alloy after T6 heat treatment were studied. After solid solution and two-step aging, coherent Al<sub>3</sub>(Sc, Zr) particles effectively pinned dislocations and subgrain boundaries, which hindered the recrystallization process of the alloy and refined the grains. Through fine grains strengthening and Orowan strengthening, compared with 7075 aluminum alloy without adding Sc and Zr, 0.1Sc – 0.2Zr – 7075 and 0.2Sc – 0.4Zr – 7075 aluminum alloys exhibited significant improvement in ultimate tensile strength (increased by 88 MPa and 124 MPa respectively) and yield strength (increased by 138 MPa and 141 MPa respectively). In terms of corrosion resistance, the co-addition of Sc and Zr elements hindered the growth and coarsening of η′ phase, and prevented the formation of larger η (MgZn<sub>2</sub>) phase along the grain boundary, reducing the generation of pitting pits, thus improving its corrosion resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 7-8","pages":"467 - 475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
首页 上一页 下一页 尾页
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整，为了账户安全，请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们：info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号：604180095
Book学术官方微信
小红书