E. V. Borisov, A. V. Repnin, Yu. E. Repnina, A. A. Popovich
{"title":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Multi-Material 316L/1.2709 Obtained by Selective Laser Melting","authors":"E. V. Borisov, A. V. Repnin, Yu. E. Repnina, A. A. Popovich","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01218-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01218-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The microstructure and mechanical properties of a 316L/1.2709 multi-material obtained by selective laser melting (SLM) are studied. The SLM mode providing minimum porosity of steel 1.2709 is determined. It is established that joining of the materials with an overlap of 0.2 mm minimizes defects in the transition zone. Metallography, x-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy are used to show gradient variation of the chemical composition in the transition zone 400 – 500 μm wide without formation of new phases. Heat treatment (annealing at 950°C for 2 h + aging at 500°C for 6 h) increases the hardness of the zone of steel 1.2709 to 520 <i>HV</i>. In the case of transverse orientation of the transition zone, the properties of the multi-material are close to those of steel 316L (σ<sub>r</sub> = 612 MPa, δ = 29.6%); in the case of its longitudinal orientation, the elongation (δ = 3.7%) is close to that of steel 1.2709 at a tensile strength of 961 MPa. The impact toughness of the multi-material (75 J/cm<sup>2</sup> ) exceeds that of steel 1.2709 (25 J/cm<sup>2</sup> ) demonstrating a synergistic effect (elevation of the strength and of the impact toughness). The results confirm the perspectives of SLM for creation of articles with combined properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 9-10","pages":"738 - 746"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149072492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. A. Polozov, V. A. Nefedova, A. M. Zolotarev, A. A. Popovich
{"title":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Biomedical Alloy Ti – 10Ta – 2Nb – 2Zr Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting","authors":"I. A. Polozov, V. A. Nefedova, A. M. Zolotarev, A. A. Popovich","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01219-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01219-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biomedical alloy Ti – 10Ta – 2Nb – 2Zr fabricated by selective laser melting is investigated. The sizes of the particles of the initial powder are analyzed. The structure, the density and the tensile mechanical properties of the alloy melted by different modes are determined. A high density is provided in the material by varying the parameters of the selective laser melting. A martensitic α′-phase with acicular morphology is formed in the as-built condition, which ensures high strength properties at preserved ductility and reduced elastic modulus. Heat treatment above the temperature of the β-transformation yields an equilibrium lamellar α + β structure with moderate reduction of the strength characteristics and further decrease of the elastic modulus, which is favorable for the biocompatibility of implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 9-10","pages":"747 - 754"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149072497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. P. Kuznetsov, V. V. Voropaev, A. S. Skorobogatov, A. V. Korelin, I. A. Vorontsov, I. V. Tatarintsev
{"title":"Strengthening and Improving the Surface Properties of Structural Steels by Nanostructuring Burnishing and Friction Stir Processing. A Review","authors":"V. P. Kuznetsov, V. V. Voropaev, A. S. Skorobogatov, A. V. Korelin, I. A. Vorontsov, I. V. Tatarintsev","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01214-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01214-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modern researches in the field of steel surface engineering by the method of severe plastic deformation by nanostructuring burnishing (NSB) with a sliding indenter and friction stir processing (FSP) with a rotating tool are reviewed. The history of creation and investigation of NSB and FSP by the methods of finite-element and physical simulation is presented. The works of the author sand of other researchers on the effect of nanocrystallization of surfaces with various sliding tools on mechanical, thermal and tribological properties are analyzed. The efficiency of the nanostructuring burnishing with the use of systems of heat removal from the tool and ultrasonic impact on the workpiece is considered. The results of studies of the mechanisms of surface engineering by hardening and alloying with a WC-Co tool in FSP are reviewed. Promising directions are determined for application of the considered methods of strengthening and surface engineering in the production of pipeline fittings.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 9-10","pages":"704 - 710"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149072397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. E. Kim, E. V. Volokitina, N. G. Razumov, A. A. Popovich
{"title":"Effect of Carbon on the Structure and Properties of High-Entropy Variable-Composition (HfNbTaTiZr)CX Monocarbide","authors":"A. E. Kim, E. V. Volokitina, N. G. Razumov, A. A. Popovich","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01224-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01224-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The processes of synthesis and sintering of a variable-composition carbide in a spark plasma sintering unit from a mechanical mixture of powders of a high-entropy HfNbTaTiZr alloy and carbon black are studied. The carbon content in the initial mixture is varied from 30 to 65 at.%. It is shown that the content of carbon changes during the sintering due to its diffusion from the graphite mold and reduction of the resulting ZrO<sub>2</sub> and HfO<sub>2</sub> oxides. Compressive tests of the high-entropy (HfNbTaTiZr)C<sub><i>x</i></sub> carbide are performed. The compressive strength varies from 568 to 1395 MPa and the microhardness from 8.9 to 20.9 GPa depending on the carbide composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 9-10","pages":"782 - 786"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149072399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computational and Experimental Study and Development of Bainitic-Martensitic Engineering Steels","authors":"Yu. V. Yudin, M. V. Maisuradze, A. A. Kuklina","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01209-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01209-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The main results of computational and experimental studies of bainitic transformation in alloyed engineering steels are considered. The features of bainite formation during isothermal holding are established using numerical and computer simulation. The effect of the temperature of isothermal hardening on the fine structure of bainite and mechanical properties of steels with a mixed microstructure containing bainite, martensite and retained austenite is determined. Statistical analysis of experimental data is used to obtain equations relating the chemical composition and the physical and mechanical characteristics of bainitic-martensitic steels. New steel grades exhibiting a high stability of supercooled austenite and an optimum combination of strength, ductility and impact toughness upon formation of a complex bainitic-martensitic structure are developed due to the use of convective cooling during the heat treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 9-10","pages":"663 - 673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149072495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of Dispersed Phases in Formation of Properties of Heat-Resistant Titanium Alloys","authors":"A. A. Popov, N. A. Popov, K. I. Lugovaya","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01211-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01211-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of the research made by the staff of the Department of Heat Treatment and Metal Physics of the Ural Federal University on the processes of silicide and aluminide precipitation in the structure and their role in formation of the set of mechanical properties of titanium alloys are reviewed. It is shown that the <i>S</i><sub>1</sub>-type silicides precipitated over phase boundaries reduce the impact toughness of the alloys, while the <i>S</i><sub>2</sub> silicides formed chiefly in the α-phase reduce the heat resistance characteristics. The role of the α<sub>2</sub>-phase in formation of properties of near-α-titanium alloys is considered. It is established that it is possible to control the formation of a two-phase (α + α<sub>2</sub>) structure of different types by varying the heat treatment modes and thus ensure the development of both heterogeneous and homogeneous transformations. It is shown that the homogeneous transformation mechanism provides greater ductility of the alloys compared to the heterogeneous one.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 9-10","pages":"680 - 685"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149072489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. A. Polozov, A. M. Zolotarev, A. L. Barabash, A. M. Gracheva, V. A. Nefedova, A. A. Popovich
{"title":"Effect of TiB2 Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Heat-Resistant Alloy VZh159 Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting","authors":"I. A. Polozov, A. M. Zolotarev, A. L. Barabash, A. M. Gracheva, V. A. Nefedova, A. A. Popovich","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01223-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01223-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of TiB<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (0.5 – 2.0 wt.%) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of heat-resistant alloy VZh159 manufactured by selective laser melting is investigated. The microstructure is analyzed, the density of the samples is determined by hydrostatic weighing, and tensile tests are conducted. The addition TiB<sub>2</sub> refines the dendritic structure of the alloy from 8 – 12 to 2 – 3 μm and increases the microhardness to 349 <i>HV</i>, but reduces the ductility from 35.9% to 3 – 5%. Heat treatment enhances the embrittlement of the composites due to segregation of borides on grain boundaries. The transformation of TiB<sub>2</sub> into complex (Cr, Mo)B phases provides structure refinement but creates a brittle boride net.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 9-10","pages":"775 - 781"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149072396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. V. Repnin, E. V. Borisov, D. A. Rozhkova, A. P. Maksimov, A. A. Popovich
{"title":"Formation of Controlled CuSn10 Transition Layer in Additively Manufactured 316L/NiTi Multi-Material","authors":"A. V. Repnin, E. V. Borisov, D. A. Rozhkova, A. P. Maksimov, A. A. Popovich","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01220-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01220-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The possibility of creating a multi-material based on 316L stainless steel and NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) via selective laser melting (SLM) is studied. The challenges of poor weldability due to formation of brittle intermetallic compounds (FeTi) and differences in the physicochemical properties of the components are overcome by a comprehensive approach that includes introduction of a CuSn10 transition layer and implementation of a bio-inspired weld structure. The experimental results demonstrate that the CuSn10 transition layer effectively suppresses the formation of the FeTi intermetallic. The region with an anomalous chemical composition and elevated microhardness (up to 227 <i>HV</i> )occurring at the CuSn10/NiTi interface is associated with formation of intermetallic phases. The multi-material exhibits a high tensile strength (333 MPa) and a low ductility (3% elongation) associated with printing defects. It is demonstrated that a two-way shape memory effect (SME) develops in the multi-material obtained. These finding scon firm the fundamental feasibility of preservation of the functional properties of NiTi in SLM-manufactured multi-materials, which is promising for robotics applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 9-10","pages":"755 - 762"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149072398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a Numerical Computer Simulation Technique for Determining the Thermomechanical Properties of Shape Memory Alloy Products","authors":"E. M. Farber, A. V. Orlov, A. A. Popovich","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01221-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01221-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A method for numerical computer simulation for determining the thermomechanical characteristics of products from shape memory alloys is developed. Numerical computer simulation and experimental research are conducted on the basis of the geometry of two-way springs to determine the thermomechanical characteristics of a thermal actuator manufactured from a NiTi alloy by selective laser melting. The model is verified. The general performance capability of the presented technique is confirmed. The level of deviation between the experimental and simulated data is no more than 30%.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 9-10","pages":"763 - 768"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149072406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Yu. Zhilyakov, D. V. Pyrin, D. S. Popkova, O. Yu. Kornienko, S. V. Belikov
{"title":"Corrosion-Resistant Steels and Nickel Alloys: An Overview and Experimental Results","authors":"A. Yu. Zhilyakov, D. V. Pyrin, D. S. Popkova, O. Yu. Kornienko, S. V. Belikov","doi":"10.1007/s11041-026-01210-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-026-01210-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Results obtained for modern corrosion-resistant steels and alloys are reviewed. The main trends of advancement of the set of their properties are considered. The main scientific results obtained at the Department of Heat Treatment and Metal Physics of the Ural Federal University on corrosion-resistant steels and alloys based on nickel and iron are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 9-10","pages":"674 - 679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149072488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}