{"title":"A Comparative Study of As-Cast Alloys of ZW21 with Varied Element Additions, Investigating Dry and Corrosive Wear in Body Fluid","authors":"Kenza Djebari, Yunus Türen, Levent Elen, Hayrettin Ahlatçı","doi":"10.1007/s11837-025-07394-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-025-07394-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnesium (Mg) alloys have emerged as a promising candidate for orthopedic implants due to their exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bone-like properties. However, their rapid corrosion in physiological environments and wear under mechanical stresses remain critical challenges. Wear resistance testing is essential for orthopedic implants to ensure longevity and prevent adverse biological responses, such as the release of metal ions or debris, which can cause inflammation or implant failure. To overcome these limitations, the incorporation of alloying elements in Mg is believed to be a method that promotes higher mechanical strength and improves corrosion resistance. This study investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties—especially the wear behavior and friction characteristics—of Mg-2Zn-1Y (ZW21) as-cast alloys enhanced with various alloying elements (Nd, Ce, Zr, La, Gd, Ag, Ca). Fabricated using the die-casting method, these alloys were subjected to both dry and corrosive wear tests to comprehensively evaluate their tribological performance. Dry wear tests served as a baseline to assess the intrinsic mechanical properties and establish a reference for corrosive behavior, while wear tests conducted in Hank’s solution simulated physiological conditions to elucidate the combined effects of wear and corrosion. XRD analysis revealed the presence of diverse crystalline phases in the alloys, including the α-Mg matrix, I-phase (Mg<sub>3</sub>Zn<sub>6</sub>Y<sub>2</sub>), W-phase (Mg<sub>3</sub>Zn<sub>3</sub>Y<sub>2</sub>), LPSO-phase (Mg<sub>12</sub>ZnY), and secondary phases, such as Mg<sub>41</sub>Nd<sub>5</sub>, Mg<sub>12</sub>Ce, and Mg4Ag, highlighting the influence of alloying elements and Zn/Y ratios on phase formation. The addition of alloying elements—particularly Zr, Nd, and Ce—to the Mg-2Zn-1Y alloy refined grain sizes (from 84 μm to 46 μm) and enhanced hardness (from 51.2 HV to 68.8 HV) by promoting intermetallic phase formation, grain refinement, and solid-solution strengthening. Alloying elements in Mg-2Zn-1Y alloys significantly affected wear behavior and friction coefficients. Higher Nd content enhanced dry wear resistance due to the formation of Mg<sub>41</sub>Nd<sub>5</sub>, while higher Ce content improved corrosive wear resistance due to protective intermetallics. Friction coefficients were lower in Hank’s solution due to its lubricating effect, though micro-galvanic effects around phases like Ca<sub>2</sub>Mg<sub>6</sub>Zn<sub>3</sub> increased corrosion rates in specific alloys.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"77 6","pages":"4344 - 4362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11837-025-07394-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JOMPub Date : 2025-05-13DOI: 10.1007/s11837-025-07369-0
Joya Nath, Rachel Philips, Joel Pilli, Arjak Bhattacharjee
{"title":"Polydopamine-based Surface Modifications for Tissue Engineering and Biosensing: From Understanding Chemistry to Diverse Applications","authors":"Joya Nath, Rachel Philips, Joel Pilli, Arjak Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1007/s11837-025-07369-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-025-07369-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 2007, researchers were intrigued with how effectively saltwater mussels were able to attach to seemingly any surface, looked further into how this was possible, and developed polydopamine (PDA). The polymerized form of a common neurotransmitter, dopamine, PDA adhesive protein has become known as a powerful biomaterial with broad applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, biosensing, and antibacterial technologies. Its robust adhesion, due to catechol and amine groups, allows uniform coating on various types of surfaces and enhances properties such as bioactivity, corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength. In this review paper, we aim to look at the last 17 years of research around PDA and to examine its applications, particularly in the biomedical field. Additionally, we have focused on how 3D printing and incorporation into biosensing devices could allow for an even wider range of manufactured products within the biomedical industry that use PDA as a primary component. PDA-coated 3D-printed scaffolds show great biocompatibility and osteogenic potential, providing innovative solutions for bone, neural, and cardiac tissue engineering. In drug delivery, PDA enables controlled release and photothermal therapies, enhancing cancer treatment precision while decreasing side effects. PDA’s antibacterial efficacy and biosensing applications are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"77 6","pages":"4312 - 4327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JOMPub Date : 2025-04-18DOI: 10.1007/s11837-025-07377-0
Zahra Karimian, Hassan Maleki, Soheila Aslani, Mohammad Noaparast, Ali Rezaei
{"title":"Implementation of a Comprehensive Flotation and Bioleaching Processes to Recover Copper from Low-Grade Ore Sample","authors":"Zahra Karimian, Hassan Maleki, Soheila Aslani, Mohammad Noaparast, Ali Rezaei","doi":"10.1007/s11837-025-07377-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-025-07377-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recovering copper from low-grade copper sulfide ore in an environmentally friendly way is a challenge. In this article, a comprehensive process to produce copper concentrate by enriching a low-grade sample from Meyduk copper mine with average grades of 0.07%Cu and 4.75%Fe was studied. The main operations of the process include milling, flotation, and bioleaching. The required sample was prepared from mine tailings. After preparing the sample, the sample characteristics were determined through various XRF, multi-element and chemical, X-ray diffraction and FTIR analyses, and then different flotation and bioleaching experiments were performed. In the flotation tests, effective parameters, including pH, type of collector, amount of collector, amount of depressant and amount of frother agent, were investigated. The flotation results showed that by grinding the sample to < 75 microns, increasing the pH to about 11.5 and using sodium silicate at a rate of 1000 g/ton, C4132 collector at a rate of 30 g/ton and MIBC frother agent in the amount of 30 g/ton, a concentrate with a weight percentage of 11.6, total copper grade of 0.54% and recovery of 89.8% was obtained. In the cleaner stage, with a concentrated cleaner stage with 10.3 wt.%, the copper grade was 0.77% and the recovery was 79.52%. The iron grade in the cleaner concentrate was determined to be 12.45%, and due to the high amount of pyrite in the cleaner concentrate, by bioleaching and mesophilic bacteria type, after 50 days there was a solid percentage of 10% without the addition of sulfur and bivalent iron. About 96.5% of the copper contained in the solution was recovered. The iron concentrate in the final solution was 86.5 g/L, and the copper concentrate was 0.82 g/L.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"77 6","pages":"4579 - 4593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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