Joule最新文献

{"title":"Electrochemical energy conversion beyond Earth","authors":"Zhipeng Zhou,Venkata K. Nadimpalli,Matteo Cairoli,Meng Ni,Vincenzo Esposito","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2026.102708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2026.102708","url":null,"abstract":"Zhou Zhipeng is a postdoctoral fellow at the Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, working under the supervision of Prof. Meng Ni. He received his PhD in 2024 from the Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), under the guidance of Prof. Vincenzo Esposito. His research focuses on advancing solid oxide electrochemical cells through additive manufacturing techniques, encompassing both ceramic-supported and metal-supported configurations.\u0000Venkata Karthik Nadimpalli is currently a senior researcher and head of additive manufacturing materials and process development at the Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, DTU. He received his BTech (2011) in metallurgical and materials engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras and his PhD (2017) in industrial engineering from the J.B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, USA. His work focuses on additive manufacturing process engineering and materials science, with emphasis on open-source laser powder bed fusion, vat photopolymerization, in situ process monitoring, and architected materials for energy applications.\u0000Matteo Cairoli is currently a research assistant at DTU, where he works on 3D-printed solid oxide cells. He received his BSc in mechanical engineering from Roma Tre University in 2023 and completed his MSc in materials and manufacturing at DTU in 2026.\u0000Meng Ni received his BEng (2000) and MEng (2003) from Northwestern Polytechnical University, followed by a PhD in mechanical engineering from the University of Hong Kong in 2007. He is currently a chair professor at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and serves as the head of the Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering as well as associate dean of the Faculty of Construction and Environment. He is a Humboldt Fellow and a senior research fellow of the Hong Kong Research Grants Council. His research interests include fuel cells, hydrogen energy, rechargeable metal-air batteries, and electrochemical systems for low-grade waste heat utilization.\u0000Vincenzo Esposito is a professor at the Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, DTU. His research focuses on solid-state ionics, electrochemical energy conversion, solid oxide cells, architected ceramic materials, and multifunctional metal oxides. His work explores how defect chemistry, ionic transport, microstructure, and device architecture govern the performance and durability of functional oxides. His current interests include additive manufacturing of electrochemical ceramics, geometry-driven energy materials, and architecture-enabled energy systems for constrained environments, including aerospace and planetary applications.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-frequency inductively heated molten salt bubbling beds for methane pyrolysis","authors":"Zhennan Ru,Chenghao Wan,Connor Cremers,Calvin H. Lin,Ariana B. Höfelmann,Dorothy L. Mantle,Pinak Mohapatra,Juan Rivas-Davila,Jonathan A. Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2026.102704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2026.102704","url":null,"abstract":"Methane pyrolysis is a promising bridge technology for clean hydrogen production, but it remains a challenge to efficiently and volumetrically deliver heat to the reaction while managing carbon deposition. We introduce a molten salt bubbling bed reactor that utilizes high-frequency magnetic induction to heat molten salts in an efficient, volumetric, wireless, and direct manner. We describe the heating process using a circuit model and discuss power-dissipation dynamics as a function of the effective medium of the bubbling bed, dynamic bed height variations from bubbling, and bubble-induced hotspots. With the model and experiments, we show that the heating efficiency is high and nearly time independent, despite the stochastic nature of bubble dynamics. We additionally demonstrate that our method can heat eutectic salts to temperatures exceeding 1,000 °C for catalyst-free methane pyrolysis. We anticipate that these concepts can be adapted to scaled, high-temperature multiphase reactors utilizing electrically conductive liquid.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149151861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost effectiveness of synthetic fuel and CO2 removal for net-zero aviation","authors":"Katrin Sievert,Yash Dubey,Nicoletta Brazzola,Cyril Brunner,Reto Knutti,Tobias S. Schmidt,Bjarne Steffen","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2026.102707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2026.102707","url":null,"abstract":"Aviation is one of the fastest-growing sources of greenhouse gas emissions. The sector’s climate impacts extend beyond carbon dioxide (CO2), as non-CO2 climate effects such as contrail cirrus further increase warming. Yet most decarbonization policies, including the European Union’s ReFuelEU, focus narrowly on CO2 and promote sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs), including synthetic fuels (synfuels), as solutions, overlooking permanent carbon removal. Here, we show that this policy approach is not cost effective, as we project that median abatement costs of direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) are 80% lower when considering CO2 alone. When considering all climate effects, DACCS costs are 49%–69% lower ($312/tCO2e versus $1,014/tCO2e for global warming potential [GWP]100; $312/tCO2e versus $607/tCO2e for GWP20). Combining DACCS with rerouting reduces costs by 21%–33%. Allowing DACCS to fulfill synfuel quotas under the ReFuelEU mandate could cut compliance costs by 62%–80%. These findings strongly support a technology-open approach to aviation decarbonization.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149151863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing for effective heat transfer in a solid thermal energy storage system","authors":"Shomik Verma,Kyle Buznitsky,Colin C. Kelsall,Alina LaPotin,Ashwin Sandeep,Asegun Henry","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2026.102684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2026.102684","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"1 1","pages":"102684"},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149091734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a future space-based, highly scalable AI infrastructure system design","authors":"Blaise Agüera y Arcas,Travis Beals,Maria Biggs,Jessica V. Bloom,Thomas Fischbacher,Konstantin Gromov,Urs Köster,Rishiraj Pravahan,James Manyika","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2026.102678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2026.102678","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"159 1","pages":"102678"},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149091735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical atomic-scale defects enable stable Ni-rich single-crystal cathodes","authors":"Simon Danitz,Haichuan Zhang,Suyue Yuan,Ritwick Sinha,Jiahong Jiang,Jingzhi Hu,Tianping Huang,Shineui Hwang,Yujing Bi,Yaobin Xu,Meijuan Wang,Yong Lak Joo,Liwen Wan,Yao Yang,Jihui Yang,Jie Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2026.102686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2026.102686","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"31 1","pages":"102686"},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149091733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-bonding orbital programming enables ruthenium oxides for robust and economical proton exchange membrane water electrolysis","authors":"Sheng Zhao,Haona Zhang,Sung-Fu Hung,Juan Yang,Shaoxiong Li,Yue Wang,Yu-Jhih Shen,Kang-Shun Peng,Yu-Cheng Liu,Ching-Hsuan Chou,Ying Zhang,Tsung-Yi Chen,Linlin Li,Feng Hu,Chongyi Ling,Jinlan Wang,Yuping Wu,Shengjie Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2026.102682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2026.102682","url":null,"abstract":"Replacing iridium (Ir) with ruthenium (Ru) is critical for achieving gigawatt-scale proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). However, the stability of Ru-based catalysts remains insufficient during the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, a theoretical framework for non-bonding oxygen elimination to enhance the stability of ruthenium oxides (RuO2) is proposed. This process is accompanied by negative-charge injection into lattice oxygen, which suppresses lattice-oxygen oxidation of RuO2 at high current densities. The demonstrated correlation between stability and oxygen charge further elucidates water dissociation and the transformation of intermediates during OER. A PEMWE cell assembled with the screened Tb-B-RuO2 anode achieves 3 A cm−2 at 1.72 V and stable operation for 3,200 h at 2 A cm−2 with a slow degradation rate of 20.31 μV h−1. These findings establish a multifunctional descriptive framework for broadly assessing catalyst activity and stability and demonstrate the high potential for long-term, low-cost hydrogen production via PEMWE.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149019734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling degradation of non-fullerene organic solar cells operated in air","authors":"Pang Wang,Zhihao Feng,Florian Zimmermann,Seren Dilara Öz,Chen Chen,Wei Li,Ahmed Kadid,Maximilian Schiffer,Naho Kurahashi,Huiyue Ping,Yang Liu,Daan Coenen,Guorui He,Timo Maschwitz,Christian Tückmantel,Felix Lang,Wouter Maes,Yinhua Zhou,Tao Wang,Selina Olthof,Seung Soon Jang,Kai Oliver Brinkmann,Thomas Riedl","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2026.102681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2026.102681","url":null,"abstract":"Stability concerns of organic solar cells in ambient air remain a major roadblock to the widespread exploitation of this technology, while the underlying degradation mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we disentangle the roles of the key atmospheric species, oxygen and water, in the photodegradation of the most popular PM6:Y6 system. Water causes an illumination-driven twisting of the PM6 backbone while leaving Y6 largely unaffected. Oxygen attacks both PM6 and Y6, where we identify the oxidation of the PM6 benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene (BDT) unit as the key process for device degradation by disrupting the π-conjugated electronic structure. Further, we show that the formation of either Y6 excitons or charge-transfer excitons is sufficient to initiate PM6 oxidation. Combined with chemical-probe evidence, these results identify exciton-mediated singlet-oxygen generation as the most critical degradation pathway limiting the stability of organic solar cells operated in air.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148980638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triboelectric-induced abnormal tribovoltaic effect at the metal-GaN interface","authors":"Mingkai He, Zhi Zhang, Yi Zhou, Ding Li, Boyang Yu, Zijie Xu, Wenbo Yu, Jiaqing He, Chi Zhang, Zhong Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2026.102479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2026.102479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>Sliding at metal-GaN interfaces reverses output relative to the built-in field</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>KPFM confirms reversed post-friction charging on n- and p-type GaN surfaces</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Friction-induced energy injection supports non-equilibrium charge transfer</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Integrated freestanding GaN tribovoltaic devices deliver kilovolt-scale DC output</div></span></li></ul></div><div>Triboelectricity has been recognized since antiquity and remains a classic topic in interfacial physics. In recent years, related technologies have advanced rapidly in areas such as energy harvesting and self-powered sensing, yet the microscopic processes behind triboelectric phenomena remain complex. Much of the conventional understanding of interfacial charge transfer is still based on static contact or quasi-equilibrium pictures, whereas the energy-injection effects introduced by dynamic friction are often overlooked. In this work, sliding metal-gallium nitride (GaN) tribovoltaic interfaces are shown to produce direct-current output in a direction opposite to that expected from the static built-in field. Surface-potential mapping provides direct microscale evidence that friction reverses the charging polarity on GaN, while atomic-level calculations connect this behavior to friction-induced energy injection and non-equilibrium charge transfer. Beyond clarifying these interfacial processes, the study also shows that the same mechanism can be extended to friction-driven generators with sustained high-voltage direct-current output. More broadly, this work suggests that charge transfer at frictional semiconductor interfaces should be viewed as a dynamic interfacial process rather than solely as a static contact problem. This perspective may guide future studies of friction-driven electricity generation and the design of self-powered high-voltage devices.</div><div><div>Sliding metal-semiconductor contacts can generate direct current through the tribovoltaic effect, yet their mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show that sliding at metal-gallium nitride (GaN) interfaces consistently reverses both interfacial charge distribution and output polarity, while producing large macroscopic voltages. Kelvin probe force microscopy reveals that this reversal is associated with a tribo-driven electrostatic field that is not captured by classical quasi-equilibrium triboelectrification arguments. Density functional calculations indicate that friction can inject substantial interfacial energy, consistent with non-equilibrium interfacial charging and carrier excitation. Subsequently, we demonstrate integrated GaN-based tribovoltaic generators capable of delivering open-circuit DC voltages exceeding 1,200 V. These findings highlight an important non-equilibrium pathway in understanding triboelectrification at dynamic interfaces and open opportunities for ","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"10 9","pages":"Article 102479"},"PeriodicalIF":37.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148624266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppressed calendar aging losses via dynamic interfaces in metal anodes","authors":"Jin Koo Kim, Min-Ho Kim, John Waugh, Chongzhen Wang, Jung Tae Kim, Kaiyan Liang, Hayoung Park, Huida Lyu, Bo Liu, Xintong Yuan, Dingyi Zhao, Tian-Yu Wang, Kaixi Chen, John Muldoon, Yuzhang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2026.102480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2026.102480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>High efficiency does not correlate with calendar aging stability of metal anodes</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Interfacial resistance buildup during rest acts as a protective mechanism for Mg</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>The dynamic interface kinetically blocks corrosion and vanishes during cycling</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Reversible resistance buildup can offer a new design principle for future electrolytes</div></span></li></ul></div><div>While most studies typically evaluate battery success by cycling performance, focusing on Coulombic efficiency and capacity retention during active use, real-world devices spend over 70% of their life sitting idle. During these periods of rest, batteries undergo “calendar aging,” a degradation of internal components that leads to a permanent loss of capacity. This phenomenon is particularly severe for next-generation metal anodes because their direct contact with electrolytes and extremely low reduction potentials provide a strong thermodynamic driving force for persistent side reactions with electrolytes. In this study, we demonstrate a sharp divergence in how different metals behave during these critical rest periods. Even when electrolytes are optimized to enable high Coulombic efficiency during cycling, Li, Na, and Al suffer from severe corrosion during calendar aging. In contrast, Mg retains nearly all its capacity. We discovered that Mg’s unique stability originates from the formation of a dynamic interface. A transient, high-resistance layer forms on the Mg surface to kinetically block corrosion during rest, but this layer is completely removed once cycling resumes. Our findings reveal that dynamic interphases can provide essential protection at rest while maintaining high reversibility during use, offering a critical design strategy for stable metal batteries. Understanding these dynamic interfacial behaviors is a key step toward developing high-energy storage systems with the long-term shelf life required for practical, large-scale applications.</div><div><div>Metal anodes promise high energy density for next-generation batteries, yet their long-term stability remains poorly understood. While prior efforts largely focused on cycling reversibility, practical devices spend most of their lifetime idle, where degradation during calendar aging can dominate capacity loss. Here, we systematically investigate the aging of Li, Na, Al, and Mg anodes under electrolytes enabling >98.5% Coulombic efficiency. Despite comparable cycling stability, these metals diverge sharply under aging: Li undergoes continuous solid-electrolyte interphase thickening, and Na and Al suffer localized pitting corrosion. In contrast, Mg uniquely retains its capacity with only ∼0.4% loss after 14 days. We discover that Mg’s stability arises from a reversible interfacial resistance layer that suppresses corrosion during rest but is fully remove","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"10 9","pages":"Article 102480"},"PeriodicalIF":37.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148964807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}