JoulePub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.101809
Aliakbar Hassanpouryouzband, Moein Jahanbani Veshareh, Mark Wilkinson, Hamidreza M. Nick, Bryne T. Ngwenya, R. Stuart Haszeldine
{"title":"In situ hydrogen generation from underground fossil hydrocarbons","authors":"Aliakbar Hassanpouryouzband, Moein Jahanbani Veshareh, Mark Wilkinson, Hamidreza M. Nick, Bryne T. Ngwenya, R. Stuart Haszeldine","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.101809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.101809","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen is essential for achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, acting as both an energy carrier and source. It can store renewable energy, decarbonize difficult sectors, and serve as a zero-carbon feedstock. Conventional hydrogen production methods, such as natural gas reforming, inherently produce CO<sub>2.</sub> Electrolysis, though CO<sub>2</sub> free during operation, can still contribute to emissions through the construction of the energy source and electrolyzer; however, using surplus renewable energy that would otherwise be wasted can offset this. <em>In situ</em> hydrogen generation from underground fossil hydrocarbons presents a compelling alternative. This method produces hydrogen directly within geological formations, using existing fossil fuel resources and infrastructure while keeping CO<sub>2</sub> sequestered underground, thus minimizing environmental impact and reducing the need for extensive surface processing. Our research examines various <em>in situ</em> techniques, including thermochemical and biological processes, showcasing their potential to enhance current hydrogen production methods. Despite its promise, this approach faces significant challenges and requires extensive research to overcome these hurdles. Addressing these challenges is crucial for integrating this method into the global energy transition, potentially reducing the carbon footprint of hydrogen production and advancing toward cleaner energy systems. This paper highlights the necessary steps and the long path ahead to make <em>in situ</em> hydrogen generation a viable and sustainable solution.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.12.006
Yifan Gao, Ming Lei, Bachu Sravan Kumar, Hugh Barrett Smith, Seok Hee Han, Lokesh Sangabattula, Ju Li, Iwnetim I. Abate
{"title":"Geological ammonia: Stimulated NH3 production from rocks","authors":"Yifan Gao, Ming Lei, Bachu Sravan Kumar, Hugh Barrett Smith, Seok Hee Han, Lokesh Sangabattula, Ju Li, Iwnetim I. Abate","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"Although ammonia production is crucial for global agriculture, it comes with substantial carbon footprints. Here, for the first time, we propose and demonstrate a different method for stimulated (proactive) and <em>in situ</em> geological ammonia (Geo-NH<sub>3</sub>) production directly from rocks. Our approach demonstrated that NH<sub>3</sub> can be efficiently generated by reacting natural (Fe,Mg)<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub> (olivine) minerals with nitrate-source water at 130°C–300°C and 0.25–8.5 MPa, and even at ambient temperature and pressure. Using both actual rocks and synthetic mineral Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub>, we investigated mechanisms and optimized conditions through experiments and theoretical calculations. We revealed the basic chemistry enabling Geo-NH<sub>3</sub> production: Fe<sup>2+</sup> contained in rocks reduces the nitrate source to NH<sub>3</sub>. Our approach, involving only the injection of nitrate-source water into the subsurface to utilize <em>in situ</em> subsurface heat and pressure, requires no external H<sub>2</sub> or electric current and emits no direct CO<sub>2</sub>, offering a feasible alternative to sustainable NH<sub>3</sub> production at scale.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142991188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interlayer-expanded carbon anodes with exceptional rates and long-term cycling via kinetically decoupled carbonization","authors":"Zhiheng Cheng, Hao Zhang, Junfeng Cui, Jiale Zhao, Shuai Dai, Zhaoxin Zhang, Kecheng Song, Siyu Wang, Yakun Yuan, Qinlong Chen, Xueqian Kong, Long Qie, Lixia Yuan, Haiping Yang, Shuze Zhu, Yongjin Fang, Yunhui Huang, Yonggang Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.101812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.101812","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional carbonization is often energy-intensive, time consuming, and characterized by tightly coupled sub-processes that yield hard-to-control structures and compromised performance. This study introduces a kinetically decoupled carbonization strategy tailored for carbon anodes in sodium-ion batteries. The process involves a pyrolysis (700°C, 1 h) followed by rapid high-temperature heating (1,950°C, 22 s), enabling efficient impurity removal and swift carbon crystallization with minimal graphitization, alongside an ∼80% energy reduction. The obtained expanded carbon (EC) exhibits larger grain sizes and expanded interlayer, rendering higher capacity, exceptional rate, and long-term stability (>6,000 cycles at a current rate of 10 C) than current carbon anodes. Mechanistic investigations reveal a wide intercalation potential range (2–0.01 V) in EC without inducing detrimental sodium clustering, thereby supporting expanded layers and easy intercalation for high capacity, fast charging, and robust stability. Our strategy provides a precise, energy-efficient pathway to develop desirable carbonaceous materials for batteries and advanced applications.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142991171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In situ electrochemical regeneration of permanganate ion for sustainable oxidation reactions","authors":"Chengyi Hu, Zixiao Zhao, Wanli Wang, Weijie Zou, Shengjun Liu, Xiaoliang Fang, Xiangyu Su, Nanfeng Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.101807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.101807","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous stoichiometric oxidants have been employed for the oxidative production of high-end fine chemicals. However, regeneration of these oxidants often suffers from high energy consumption and complex separation. Here, we report an <em>in situ</em> electrochemical approach for the regeneration of a widely used oxidant, permanganate (MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>), by coupling electrochemical and chemical reactions in an integrated system. Using electrosynthesis of 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide (DTD), a commercial electrolyte additive in Li-ion batteries, as a representative example, the electrochemically generated MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> shows remarkable performance as a redox mediator for catalyzing ethylene sulfite oxidation to produce DTD. By employing pulsed voltammetry, electrosynthesis of DTD can be performed in a single-pass continuous flow electrolyzer with 85% yield and 72% Faradaic efficiency. The practicality of the developed method is demonstrated with a wide substrate scope, robust anode stability, and scaling capability to achieve a DTD production capacity of 500 g/h in a 1-m<sup>2</sup> electrolyzer.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142991173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.12.004
Joris Bücker, R. Maria del Rio-Chanona, Anton Pichler, Matthew C. Ives, J. Doyne Farmer
{"title":"Employment dynamics in a rapid decarbonization of the US power sector","authors":"Joris Bücker, R. Maria del Rio-Chanona, Anton Pichler, Matthew C. Ives, J. Doyne Farmer","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the employment dynamics of a rapid decarbonization of the US power sector, reducing emissions by 95% before 2035. We couple an input-output model with an occupational mobility network and identify three labor market phases: “scale-up,” “scale-down,” and a long-term, low-carbon, “steady state.” During the scale-up (2023–2034), for every job lost in an industry, 12 new jobs are created elsewhere. However, few occupations see sustained growth throughout the transition. We predict that skill mismatches will create frictions during the transition, especially in the scale-down phase. Compared with the size and fluctuations of the US labor market, the impact of this transition is modest, particularly if the US increases exports of clean energy technologies to counteract the domestic scale-down phase. However, without proper planning, rapidly growing industries will struggle to find skilled labor during the scale-up phase, while displaced workers might struggle finding jobs during the scale-down phase.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.101819
Xiaona Li
{"title":"Harnessing heterointerfaces for superionic conductivity","authors":"Xiaona Li","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.101819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.101819","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-state electrolytes are essential for enabling safe, high-performance all-solid-state batteries by providing a stable, non-flammable ionic pathway for lithium-ion transport while also improving overall battery safety and energy density. Recently in <em>Joule</em>, Ohta et al. combined nonconductive lithium chloride and iron oxychloride to form a [Li<sub>1+δ</sub>Cl]<sup>δ+</sup>/[FeOCl]<sup>δ−</sup> heterointerface composite with ionic conductivities exceeding 1 mS cm<sup>−1</sup>, offering a new methodology to design solid-state electrolyte materials.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.11.016
Russell McKenna, Johan Lilliestam, Heidi U. Heinrichs, Jann Weinand, Johannes Schmidt, Iain Staffell, Andrea N. Hahmann, Peter Burgherr, Arne Burdack, Monika Bucha, Ruihong Chen, Michael Klingler, Paul Lehmann, Jens Lowitzsch, Riccardo Novo, James Price, Romain Sacchi, Patrick Scherhaufer, Eva M. Schöll, Piero Visconti, Luis Ramirez Camargo
{"title":"System impacts of wind energy developments: Key research challenges and opportunities","authors":"Russell McKenna, Johan Lilliestam, Heidi U. Heinrichs, Jann Weinand, Johannes Schmidt, Iain Staffell, Andrea N. Hahmann, Peter Burgherr, Arne Burdack, Monika Bucha, Ruihong Chen, Michael Klingler, Paul Lehmann, Jens Lowitzsch, Riccardo Novo, James Price, Romain Sacchi, Patrick Scherhaufer, Eva M. Schöll, Piero Visconti, Luis Ramirez Camargo","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.11.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"Wind power accounted for 8% of global electricity generation in 2023 and is one of the cheapest forms of low-carbon electricity. Although fully commercial, many challenges remain in achieving the required scale-up, relating to integrating wind farms into wider technical, economic, social, and natural systems. We review the main challenges, outline existing solutions, and propose future research needed to overcome existing problems. Although the techno-economic challenges of grid and market integration are seen as significant obstacles to scaling up wind power, the field is replete with solutions. In many countries, planning and permitting are immediate barriers to wind-power deployment; although solutions are emerging in the EU and several countries, the effectiveness and long-term acceptance of fast-track permissions and go-to areas remains to be seen. Environmental impacts on wildlife and recycling challenges are rising issues for which tested and scalable solutions are often still lacking, pointing to large remaining research requirements.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Continuous conversion of flue gas into syngas by a bipolar membrane-integrated single-cell cyclic system","authors":"Dayin He, Xianhui Ma, Huang Zhou, Yu Zhang, Yuen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (ECO<sub>2</sub>RR) usually requires high-purity CO<sub>2</sub> gas feeding. However, capturing CO<sub>2</sub> from flue gas is still a cost- and energy-intensive process. Here, we design a bipolar membrane-integrated single-cell cyclic system that directly converts simulated flue gas into syngas. The system features a circulating gas-liquid mixed flow between the anode and cathode in an integrated cell, enabling it to simultaneously absorb CO<sub>2</sub> from flue gas and convert captured CO<sub>2</sub> into syngas. At an industrial current density of 250 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, we successfully decrease the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in flue gas from 15% to 4.3% (with a 61.7% CO<sub>2</sub> capture efficiency) and obtain high-selectivity (up to 100%) syngas (H<sub>2</sub>:CO = 3:1). Moreover, this cell has excellent tolerance to SO<sub>x</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> due to the Ni single-atom catalyst in the cathode compared with previous studies. These results pave the way for low-concentration carbon dioxide conversion and promote the application of ECO<sub>2</sub>RR technology.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.12.005
Magda Moner-Girona, Fernando Fahl, Georgia Kakoulaki, Do-Hyung Kim, Iyke Maduako, Sándor Szabó, Godwell Nhamo, Benjamin K. Sovacool, Daniel J. Weiss
{"title":"Empowering quality education through sustainable and equitable electricity access in African schools","authors":"Magda Moner-Girona, Fernando Fahl, Georgia Kakoulaki, Do-Hyung Kim, Iyke Maduako, Sándor Szabó, Godwell Nhamo, Benjamin K. Sovacool, Daniel J. Weiss","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"Africa’s schools will educate the majority of the 21st century’s working population, influencing the global economy. Through combined spatial analysis techniques on over 500,000 schools, we estimate a 2 billion EUR cost to power unelectrified schools with decentralized solar photovoltaic systems. Given the positive effect on children’s food security and the growing need for digitalization, ensuring clean electricity access includes both electricity demand for internet connectivity and electric cooking. Our analysis reveals that 32% of African school-aged children live near unelectrified schools, with the nearest electrified school often too far away. The electrification of these facilities would reduce education-seeking trips by an average 45 min by motorized transport or 6 h on foot. This significant time savings, combined with the broader benefits of decentralized energy, can significantly enhance educational access, economic development, and environmental sustainability in Africa.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.12.001
Yongxi Li, Karthik Kamaraj, Yogita Silori, Haonan Zhao, Claire Arneson, Bin Liu, Jennifer Ogilvie, Stephen R. Forrest
{"title":"Radiation hardness of organic photovoltaics","authors":"Yongxi Li, Karthik Kamaraj, Yogita Silori, Haonan Zhao, Claire Arneson, Bin Liu, Jennifer Ogilvie, Stephen R. Forrest","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the resilience of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells to proton irradiation at doses equivalent to that experienced by spacecraft in low earth orbit. The OPVs, with their inherent flexibility, light weight, low temperature processing, and potential to achieve high specific power of 40 W/g, are promising candidates for energy production in space. However, their ability to withstand irradiation by high-energy incident radiation and subatomic particles characteristic of harsh space environments is yet unproven. We find that small-molecule OPVs grown by vacuum thermal evaporation are resistant to degradation by 30 keV proton irradiation, in contrast to polymer-based OPVs that suffer a 50% efficiency loss under similar conditions. Thermal annealing at low temperatures significantly restores the polymer-based OPV power conversion efficiency. The loss of efficiency is attributed to cleavage of pendant alkyl groups on the polymers, resulting in cross-linking and the subsequent formation of deep electronic traps.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}