JoulePub Date : 2025-07-10DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102046
Dongkyu Lee, Yejin Shim, Eunhyuk Choi, KyungSu Kim, Ji-Sang Yu, Seung Ho Choi, Woosuk Cho, Dong-Joo Yoo
{"title":"Alleviating kinetical delamination induced by localized cathode contact via electrochemo-mechanical modeling in all-solid-state batteries","authors":"Dongkyu Lee, Yejin Shim, Eunhyuk Choi, KyungSu Kim, Ji-Sang Yu, Seung Ho Choi, Woosuk Cho, Dong-Joo Yoo","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102046","url":null,"abstract":"While all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) offer promise for high safety and power density due to the Li superionic solid electrolytes (SEs), they suffer from mechanical delamination at cathode-SE interfaces, hindering reliable cycle life. Herein, we elucidate the principles underlying kinetics-induced mechanical delamination in high-nickel layered oxide cathodes by comparing electrodes in different cathode contact coverages at various current densities. An electrochemo-mechanical model demonstrates that low and localized contact coverage induces a kinetics-driven Li concentration gradient and relatively rapid contraction at the narrow contact area, leading to accelerated delamination of each particle. This phenomenon is supported by the reduction of coverages in electrodes after cycling. By increasing the size ratio of active materials to SEs, the electrodes with high and uniform coverage exhibited extended cyclability, retaining 79.1% after 1,000 cycles at a 5C rate. This study highlights the effect of uniform contact with high coverage in mechanical delamination for achieving high-performance ASSBs.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144594792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102039
Vincent Dufour-Décieux, Katrin Sievert, Bjarne Steffen, André Bardow, Tobias S. Schmidt
{"title":"(How to) avoid the inflationary labeling of emissions as “hard to abate”","authors":"Vincent Dufour-Décieux, Katrin Sievert, Bjarne Steffen, André Bardow, Tobias S. Schmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102039","url":null,"abstract":"Vincent Dufour-Décieux is a research scientist in the Energy Process and Systems Engineering Group at ETH Zurich, Switzerland. His research on separation processes, such as direct air capture, covers material property estimation, separation performance, and environmental impact assessment. He holds a master’s degree in materials chemistry from École Polytechnique, France, and a master’s degree and PhD in materials science and engineering from Stanford University, USA.Katrin Sievert is a PhD candidate at ETH Zurich in the Climate Finance and Policy Group and the Institute of Science, Technology, and Policy. Her research focuses on the techno-economics of carbon dioxide removal, carbon capture, transport, and storage, and aviation decarbonization. She holds a master’s degree in management and technology from the Technical University of Munich.Bjarne Steffen is senior scientist and head of ETH Zurich’s Climate Finance and Policy Group. His research addresses the impact of public policy interventions on technological change in the energy sector, with a particular focus on the role of financial actors in reallocating capital. He holds a master’s degree in economics from the University of Mannheim and a PhD in energy economics from the University of Duisburg-Essen.André Bardow is professor of energy and process systems engineering at ETH Zurich. Previously, he was a professor of technical thermodynamics at RWTH Aachen University and director of the Institute for Energy and Climate Research (IEK-10) at Forschungszentrum Jülich. His research focuses on sustainable energy systems and chemical production processes. He earned his PhD degree at RWTH Aachen University.Tobias S. Schmidt is ETH Zurich’s professor of energy and technology policy and directs the Institute of Science, Technology, and Policy. His research focuses on the interaction of public policy and its underlying politics with technological change in energy-related sectors. He holds a master’s degree in electrical engineering from TU Munich and a doctorate from ETH Zurich.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102031
Jiazhi Meng, Yu Gao, Junnan Hu, Chengcheng Wu, Yuan Li, Si-Wei Zhang, Yuou Chen, Ross A. Kerner, Jing Ma, Yang Shen, Xuan Zhang, Feiyu Kang, Barry P. Rand, Guodan Wei
{"title":"Deuterium-substituted cations enhance perovskite solar cell efficiency and stability","authors":"Jiazhi Meng, Yu Gao, Junnan Hu, Chengcheng Wu, Yuan Li, Si-Wei Zhang, Yuou Chen, Ross A. Kerner, Jing Ma, Yang Shen, Xuan Zhang, Feiyu Kang, Barry P. Rand, Guodan Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102031","url":null,"abstract":"Halide perovskite solar cells with mixed-cation compositions often face instabilities under continuous illumination due to the deprotonation of methylammonium (CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>, MA<sup>+</sup>) cations. To address this, we systematically evaluate the partial and complete deuteration of MA<sup>+</sup> cations. This approach inhibits deprotonation and degradation, reduces the formation energy of the perovskite phase, improves grain growth, passivates defects, and restrains ion migration. As a result, perovskite solar cells incorporating this deuteration strategy achieve exceptional performance, including a high fill factor (FF) of 82.6% and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.6%. Their modules with a device area of 56 cm<sup>2</sup> demonstrate remarkable stability, maintaining over 93.7% of their initial PCE after 1,000 h at the maximum power point under continuous illumination at 40°C. This novel deuteration strategy presents a promising approach to enhance both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144578101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102045
Evan Summerwill Flitz, Nicholas Ryan Singstock, Seoung-Bum Son, Cooper Tezak, Marcos Lucero, Xiaolin Li, Charles Musgrave, Chunmei Ban
{"title":"A low-cost, fluorine-free electrolyte for improved sodium batteries","authors":"Evan Summerwill Flitz, Nicholas Ryan Singstock, Seoung-Bum Son, Cooper Tezak, Marcos Lucero, Xiaolin Li, Charles Musgrave, Chunmei Ban","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102045","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium batteries are an attractive alternative to lithium-ion technologies due to sodium’s lower cost and natural abundance—over 1,000 times greater than lithium, comprising approximately 2.4% of the Earth’s crust. However, most current electrolytes rely on fluorine-containing components, which raise economic and environmental concerns. This study explores fluorine-free, borate-based electrolytes that offer improved cycling stability and significant cost and sustainability benefits. We demonstrate stable sodium metal stripping and plating on aluminum foil, enabling anode-free cell configurations with over 50% capacity retention after 700 cycles. Spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses reveal the effects of solvents and salt composition on solvation, ionic conductivity, and oxidative stability. In full-cell configurations, the fluorine-free electrolyte maintains more than 98% capacity retention after 400 cycles. These findings represent a critical step toward the development of cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and high-performance sodium battery systems suitable for future electrification.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144578521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-07-07DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102012
Gael Sebald, Giulia Lombardi, Gildas Coativy, Atsuki Komiya
{"title":"Converting low-grade heat into mechanical energy using a natural rubber elastocaloric device","authors":"Gael Sebald, Giulia Lombardi, Gildas Coativy, Atsuki Komiya","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102012","url":null,"abstract":"This work leverages the thermomechanical properties of natural rubber, an abundant, low-cost, and renewable material, for low-grade heat energy harvesting. Natural rubber tubes exhibited temperature-induced stress variations of 10 kPa.K<sup>−1</sup> when pre-elongated to 5 times their original length, for a temperature range of 20°C to 60°C. A prototype elastocaloric device was evaluated using a fluid to cyclically transfer heat from a hot heat exchanger to the natural rubber and then to a cold heat exchanger. Constitutive equations and simulations were used to assess the energy conversion capability. Finally, thermodynamic energy cycles were experimentally tested with temperature variations of 35 K and elongations of 4.5–5.5 times the original length, converting heat-to-mechanical work at 4 J per cycle, corresponding to 150 mJ.cm<sup>−3</sup>. The proposed design is scalable with a larger quantity of natural rubber, and after adding an electromagnetic system, low-grade heat energy may be converted into electricity.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102030
Yankun Du, Bingqing Yao, Liang Xu, Shangchen Lu, Chaokai Xu, Peijie Han, Sheng Dai, Sikai Wang, Shibo Xi, Boon Siong Neo, Ning Yan, Qian He
{"title":"Single-atom catalysts enabled catalytic ammonia combustion at 1,100°C","authors":"Yankun Du, Bingqing Yao, Liang Xu, Shangchen Lu, Chaokai Xu, Peijie Han, Sheng Dai, Sikai Wang, Shibo Xi, Boon Siong Neo, Ning Yan, Qian He","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102030","url":null,"abstract":"Green ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) is a promising renewable fuel but suffers from having poor combustion characteristics. High-temperature catalytic NH<sub>3</sub> combustion (HT-CAC) provides an attractive solution to improve the combustibility of NH<sub>3</sub> and allows high-quality heat to be extracted with reduced harmful emissions. Achieving HT-CAC is a difficult task due to (1) demanding stability requirements of catalysts and (2) potentially high NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. Here, we report that atomically dispersed platinum (Pt) on 10% zirconium dioxide (ZrO<sub>2</sub>)-aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) can facilitate the HT-CAC process. The catalyst ignites NH<sub>3</sub> combustion just above 200°C and has excellent stability when operated at 1,100°C. The presence of the catalyst also reduces the NO<sub>x</sub> emissions to around 50 ppm without detectable NH<sub>3</sub> slip. This work shows that combining single-atom catalysts with refractory support materials is an effective strategy for designing catalysts for HT-CAC, which will in turn help to decarbonize many “hard-to-abate” sectors, such as industrial heating.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Six-angle polarized snowflake-like carbon quantum dots via electrostatic reversion for low-cost and high-efficiency solar cells","authors":"Yuxin Shi, Jianqiu Wang, Xianzhi Song, Shuyan Wei, Ting Yuan, Yunchao Li, Xiaohong Li, Yang Zhang, Louzhen Fan, Jianhui Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102013","url":null,"abstract":"Although organic solar cells (OSCs) have power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 20%, high material cost of active layer hinders their practical applications. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with low cost, unique optoelectronic properties, and structural functionalization are promising candidates for solar cells (SCs). However, CQDs as active layers so far merely had 1% PCEs. Here, we report the one-step synthesis of snowflake-like CQDs with one carbon core and six equivalent polarized angles (Six-SL-CQDs), showing cost as low as ∼$18.07/g and adequate solution processability. Experimental results reveal that the designed structure can reverse the electrostatic potential generated between six angles and carbon core. Six-SL-CQDs serve as acceptor molecules to construct strong donor-acceptor intermolecular interactions, leading to orderly structural stacking and effective exciton dissociation. SCs exhibit a maximum PCE of 10.3% and long-term stability, with <em>T</em><sub>80</sub> exceeding 2,078 h. These findings break the cost bottleneck and facilitate the practical application of carbon nanomaterial-based SCs.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thickness-insensitive polymeric hole-transporting layer for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells","authors":"Zhengbo Cui, Wen Li, Bo Feng, Yunfei Li, Nannan Sun, Wenxiao Zhang, Sheng Fu, Xiaodong Li, Junfeng Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102011","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been developed rapidly with the assistance of hole-transporting layers (HTLs), especially self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). However, present device performance strongly depends on HTL thickness, which should be strictly controlled to ∼5 nm, and >10 nm SAM HTL will induce severe efficiency loss. Here, we report a thickness-insensitive polymeric HTL (P3CT-TBB) through poly[3-(4-carboxylbutyl) thiophene] (P3CT) p-doping with 1,3,5-tris(bromomethyl)benzene (TBB). TBB can withdraw electrons from the thiophene chain in P3CT to promote its p-doping. The doped P3CT-TBB exhibits a ∼10-fold increase in film conductivity in comparison with control P3CT. As a result, P3CT-TBB-based inverted PSCs show the highest efficiency of >26% without thickness sensitiveness, and >24% efficiency remains in PSCs with over 60 nm P3CT-TBB. Besides, due to the improved hole extraction, device stability is also improved, retaining ∼90% of initial efficiency after maximum power point (MPP) tracking for 1,200 h under the ISOS-L-2 protocol (65°C).","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"184 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2025-06-30DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102010
Yunhong Che, Vivek N. Lam, Jinwook Rhyu, Joachim Schaeffer, Minsu Kim, Martin Z. Bazant, William C. Chueh, Richard D. Braatz
{"title":"Diagnostic-free onboard battery health assessment","authors":"Yunhong Che, Vivek N. Lam, Jinwook Rhyu, Joachim Schaeffer, Minsu Kim, Martin Z. Bazant, William C. Chueh, Richard D. Braatz","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102010","url":null,"abstract":"Diverse usage patterns induce complex and variable aging behaviors in lithium-ion batteries, complicating accurate health diagnosis and prognosis. In this work, we leverage portions of operational measurements from charging or dynamic discharging in combination with an interpretable machine learning model to enable rapid, onboard battery health diagnostics and prognostics without offline diagnostic testing and access to historical data. We integrate mechanistic constraints derived from differential voltage analysis within an encoder-decoder to extract electrode health states in a physically interpretable latent space, which enables improved reconstruction of the degradation path with onboard aging mechanisms tracking. The diagnosis model can be flexibly applied across diverse applications with slight fine-tuning. We demonstrate the model’s versatility by applying it to three battery-cycling datasets consisting of 422 cells under different operating conditions, with a mean absolute error of less than 2% for health diagnosis under varying conditions, highlighting the utility of an interpretable, diagnostic-free model.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monolithic integration of radiative cooling and solar heating functionalities by laser-induced pyrolysis","authors":"Yeongju Jung, Seongmin Jeong, Gyu Heo, Kyung Rok Pyun, Seok Hwan Choi, Junhyuk Bang, Jae Gun Lee, Hongchan Kim, Jaeho Shin, Sukjoon Hong, Jinwoo Lee, Daeyeon Won, Jaeman Song, Seung Hwan Ko","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102007","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional thermal management systems contribute significantly to environmental challenges, motivating the exploration of zero-energy techniques such as radiative cooling and solar heating. In this study, an innovative strategy is introduced to transform transparent polydimethylsiloxane into a versatile material via laser-induced pyrolysis. By precisely controlling laser intensity, the material is engineered for multi-thermal management, exhibiting high reflectivity and thermal emission for effective cooling under high-energy processing and strong solar absorption for notable heating under low-energy conditions. Simulation results indicate that applying this material to building roofs could reduce annual energy consumption by up to 26.5%. Moreover, its capability to form Janus structures and all-laser-patterned solar thermoelectric devices highlights its potential for sustainable technologies. This work represents a pioneering strategy in sustainable thermal management for cooling and heating, demonstrating a novel use of a monolith material and a facile fabrication technique and offering a promising solution to global environmental challenges.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"635 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}