Oxidation of Metals最新文献

{"title":"Ti–Al–C MAX Phase Coatings as MCrAlY Replacements: A Critical Review of the Synthesis–Performance Gap","authors":"Kourosh Nematipour,&nbsp;Mansour Razavi,&nbsp;Mohammad Javad Eshraghi,&nbsp;Zahra Mahmoudi,&nbsp;Ahmad Malekan","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10469-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10469-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MCrAlY overlays are limited by a depleting aluminium reservoir: β-NiAl consumption, spinel formation, interdiffusion, expansion mismatch. Alumina-forming MAX phases are proposed as alternatives, but on the wrong member of the family: almost every quantitative comparison against MCrAlY concerns Cr₂AlC, while the Ti–Al–C literature is dominated by synthesis. The extrapolation is unsafe: the competing oxide in Ti-containing MAX phases is non-protective TiO₂, not Cr₂O₃, and Ti₃AlC₂ carries a third less aluminium and more TiO₂ than Ti₂AlC. Purity is decisive: at 1000 °C, Cr₂AlC of 64 and 82 wt% oxidised faster than CoNiCrAlY; only 97 wt% did better. A PVD film carries some twenty times less aluminium; on a conditional estimate from matched Cr₂AlC data, 5 µm exhausts it in about 70 h at 1000 °C, 30 µm in 2600 h, against 16,000 h at 150 µm. In the one composition with a series, kinetic differences correlate more closely with defect population than with any measured parameter, though grain size, texture and stress were not separated; across compositions oxide chemistry decides. No deposited Ti–Al–C coating on a superalloy has been sectioned after exposure, and the one MCrAlY-referenced comparison places bulk Ti₂AlC an order of magnitude behind at 750 °C. Reactive cathodic arc deposition is a promising route for experimental investigation, not a solution: the rate and thickness usually quoted come from a study whose coatings were cubic (Ti,Al)C, the alloy-cathode route that forms the MAX phase reports neither, and its anneal is unproven on a superalloy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic Prediction of Selective Oxidation Windows in Cu–Sn Alloys Using Composition-Dependent CALPHAD Solution Models","authors":"Dragan Manasijević","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10470-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10470-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present work, the selective oxidation behavior of Cu–Sn alloys was investigated using an integrated CALPHAD–HSC thermodynamic approach. Phase constitution and temperature- and composition-dependent activities of Cu and Sn were calculated using the assessed COST 531 thermodynamic database, while oxide stability, equilibrium oxygen partial pressures, and metal–oxide–gas equilibria were evaluated using HSC Chemistry. Activity-corrected oxidation boundaries were constructed to quantify selective oxidation windows as functions of alloy composition and temperature. The results demonstrate that non-ideal interactions substantially influence the predicted oxidation windows. In addition, the Redlich–Kister (RK) parameters describing the liquid Cu–Sn phase were implemented directly into HSC Chemistry through a dedicated activity-coefficient model, enabling self-consistent recalculation of Cu and Sn activities during Gibbs energy minimization. Equilibrium predictions at 1100 °C were compared using three treatments of the liquid phase: ideal solution behavior, fixed CALPHAD-derived activity coefficients, and the self-consistent CALPHAD–RK model. The three metallic-phase treatments produce only limited differences in the equilibrium oxidation degrees at 1100 °C. The self-consistent treatment provides the most conservative predictions, with slightly lower Sn oxidation and somewhat greater Cu oxidation than the simpler treatments. The influence of composition-dependent activity updating is most pronounced in dilute Cu–Sn alloys and during the final stage of Sn removal. This study provides a systematic computational assessment of composition- and temperature-dependent selective oxidation in Cu–Sn alloys and quantifies the influence of alternative metallic-phase descriptions on the predicted Sn-removal/Cu-loss relationship.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Temperature Nitridation and Degradation of Austenitic Stainless Steels and Ni-Based Alloys for Ammonia Decomposition Systems: A Critical Review and Preliminary Experimental Observations","authors":"Peichen Yu,&nbsp;Yongbo Yuan,&nbsp;Longyu Ren,&nbsp;Zhiyang Fan,&nbsp;Hao Guan,&nbsp;Zhangjian Zhou,&nbsp;Hongyu Zhou,&nbsp;Yinsheng He,&nbsp;Wenyue Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10466-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10466-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reliable structural materials are essential for the safety of high-temperature ammonia decomposition systems, where components may experience complex NH₃/H₂/N₂ atmospheres and associated nitridation-induced degradation. This review critically evaluates the high-temperature nitridation and associated degradation mechanisms of austenitic stainless steels and Ni-based alloys exposed to ammonia-containing environments relevant to ammonia decomposition systems. The available literature is analyzed by distinguishing direct ammonia-containing evidence from mechanistic evidence obtained under non-ammonia nitriding conditions, thereby clarifying the applicability and limitations of each evidence base. The review establishes the relationships among nitrogen supply, nitrogen ingress, nitride formation, elemental redistribution, defect evolution, and material degradation. The results demonstrate that nitridation responses are governed by the coupled effects of gas chemistry, temperature, exposure history, alloy chemistry, surface-scale stability, and defect-assisted transport rather than by alloy category alone. Austenitic stainless steels generally exhibit nitrogen enrichment, expanded-austenite evolution, and Cr-rich nitride precipitation, whereas Ni-based alloys tend to develop internal nitridation associated with strong nitride-forming elements such as Cr, Al, Ti, and Nb. These behaviors represent condition-dependent tendencies rather than strict distinctions between alloy classes. Preliminary NH₃ exposure experiments on 310S stainless steel at 500 °C and Inconel 600 at 700 °C, each conducted for 300 h at an initial NH₃ pressure of 3 MPa, are included as separate case studies to illustrate nitridation-related responses rather than to rank alloy resistance. This review highlights the need for more controlled NH₃/H₂/N₂ exposure studies and coupled microstructural–mechanical characterization to support material selection for future ammonia decomposition systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural transformations in Cu@Ag core-shell powders during annealing: preliminary oxidation study","authors":"Angelina Strakošová,&nbsp;Drahomír Dvorský,&nbsp;Orsolya Molnárová,&nbsp;Pavel Lejček","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10467-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10467-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silver-coated copper (Cu@Ag) powder with a core-shell structure is a highly attractive starting material for producing components used in electronic applications, as both Cu and Ag are characterized by high thermal and electrical conductivity. Moreover, a combination of these two materials gives the possibility to improve the oxidation resistance of Cu by Ag coating and reduce the material cost, as Ag coating is usually very thin. However, is Ag able to protect Cu even at elevated temperatures? In this work, the qualitative characterization of the Cu@Ag core-shell powders after heat-treatment at 700 °C in air is described. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy and focused ion beam was used to depict the oxidation process and to help compile the oxidation mechanism of Cu@Ag core-shell powders, which consists of four stages. Unlike previous works published on hollow nanoparticles, we describe the formation of partially hollow Cu-oxide microparticles during oxidation of commercial Cu@Ag core–shell powders under the specific conditions in this work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11085-026-10467-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of a Diffusion-Bonded Cr–Fe–C–WC Complex Carbide Composite","authors":"Vikas Singh,&nbsp;Praveen K. Pandey,&nbsp;Bharat Singh Chahar,&nbsp;K. Mondal","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10465-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10465-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oxidation resistance of ceramic composites is one of the primary requirements since these composites often experience high temperature under oxidative conditions. The present work concentrates on the high-temperature oxidation behavior of a recently developed optimized diffusion-bonded Cr–Fe–C-based complex carbide composite to understand its oxidation kinetics, oxide-film stability, and degradation mechanisms. The composite consists of 10 wt% WC, 10 wt% Cr, and 80 wt% Cr–Fe–C carbide. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was carried out at 1200 °C under a uniaxial pressure of 30 MPa, with a dwell time of 15 min and a heating rate of 100 °C·min⁻¹ under vacuum. In this material design, chromium acts as a diffusion-assisting phase rather than a retained metallic binder. This results in a chemically graded multi-carbide microstructure without a continuous binder phase. Isothermal oxidation tests were conducted in air at 500, 650, and 800 °C for 12 h using continuous mass-gain measurements. The composite exhibits strong temperature-dependent oxidation behavior, characterized by low specific mass gain and early kinetic saturation across the examined temperature range. Parabolic rate analysis and Arrhenius fitting yield an apparent activation energy of 89.5 ± 5.4 kJ·mol. Post-oxidation characterizations using SEM, EDS, and XPS reveal a temperature-dependent evolution of oxide morphology and chemistry. Chromium-derived oxides form the most stable and surface-retained oxide backbone at elevated temperatures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Oxidation Behavior of Ti6242S–Ti4822 Composites","authors":"Jishnu J. Bhattacharyya,&nbsp;Yunjo Ro,&nbsp;Sean R. Agnew,&nbsp;Haydn N. G. Wadley","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10457-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10457-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Motivated by emerging interests in high temperature multimaterial topology optimized blisk structures, accelerated characterization of the oxidation behavior of composites comprised of consolidated near-α Ti alloy Ti6242S and γ-TiAl-based Ti4822 powders is investigated. Oxidation tests of seven compositions (0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 100 wt% Ti4822) were carried out in air between the upper use temperature of 600 °C and a higher temperature of 850 °C intended to accelerate the rate of oxidation. After oxidation for 24–50 h, monolithic Ti6242S showed significant mass gain during oxidation at (and beyond) 600 °C while Ti4822 required exposure at 750 °C and above to define the oxidation kinetics. The experimental oxidation behavior of both the terminal compositions and composites was adequately modelled by the parabolic oxidation model. Interestingly, the data reveal a similar temperature dependence (i.e. activation energy) for all composites investigated. The mass gain data of the composites reveal that the oxidation resistance, as indicated by the logarithm of the parabolic rate constant, increases linearly with the addition of Ti4822. This correlated with previously published observations that the oxidation of many Ti alloys scales linearly with the Al content in the alloy and with the fact that the reaction layer between the Ti6242S and the Ti4822 particle domains is rich in α₂ Ti₃Al phase, which has an oxidation behavior intermediate to that of the “pure” alloys. Based on these experimental data, a “go, no-go” constraint was developed for preliminary design using topology optimization algorithms to select candidate materials for hot, oxygen-exposed surface regions of multi-material structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11085-026-10457-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of Yttrium and Zirconium Additions in High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Al0.7CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloys","authors":"Ziwen Wu,&nbsp;Yu Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Tan,&nbsp;Jun Li,&nbsp;Jianqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10463-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10463-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study systematically investigates the high-temperature oxidation behavior of undoped, Y- and Zr-doped Al_0.7CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs). After 100 h at 1000 °C, the undoped alloy consisted of the outer Cr₂O₃/spinel layer and an inner region exhibiting either an internal oxidation zone or a continuous Al₂O₃ layer, together with AlN underneath. Significant scale spallation was observed throughout. In contrast, both Y- and Zr-doped alloys exhibited thinner, denser, and more adherent oxide scales without spallation, indicating a significant improvement in scale stability. The Y-doped alloy formed a discontinuous spinel layer, a continuous α-Al₂O₃ layer, and AlN precipitates underneath. In contrast, the Zr-doped alloy developed a similar α-Al₂O₃-based structure but no clear AlN precipitates. There were Zr-rich oxide intrusions at the interface. Under the present experimental conditions at 1000 °C, Y appeared to provide more effective oxidation resistance than Zr. In addition, the oxidation behavior of the Zr-doped alloy was further examined at 900 °C and 1100 °C in comparison with that of the Y-doped alloy reported previously. The Zr-doped alloy formed a mixed scale of spinel, α-Al₂O₃, and AlN at 900 °C, and developed pronounced oxide intrusions with Zr-rich cores encapsulated by Al₂O₃ shells at 1100 °C. Overall, Y and Zr doping effectively enhances oxidation resistance by stabilizing the α-Al₂O₃ scale and suppressing spallation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Preoxidation on High Temperature Behavior of W/Ni-Coated SOFC Interconnect Steel","authors":"Shanshan Li,&nbsp;Hanwen Zhang,&nbsp;Shujiang Geng,&nbsp;Gang Chen,&nbsp;Fuhui Wang,&nbsp;Haohao Li,&nbsp;Jing Chao,&nbsp;He Xie","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10464-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10464-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Steel substrates were first preoxidized in air at 800 °C for 100 h. W/Ni coatings were then deposited by magnetron sputtering on both bare and preoxidized steel, followed by oxidation at 800 °C for 10 weeks. Both samples thermally converted to form a double-layer oxide scale composed of an inner Cr-rich oxide layer and an outer NiWO₄ layer. In the coated bare steel, continuous outward diffusion of Cr and Fe caused interfacial degradation and increased contact resistance. For the coated preoxidized steel, however, the preformed Cr-rich oxide layer significantly suppresses elemental interdiffusion and preserves interfacial integrity, and remains largely stable and continuous throughout the exposure. After 10 weeks, the area-specific resistance (ASR) of the preoxidized steel was 23.88 mΩ·cm², demonstrating good electrical conductivity. Substrate preoxidation offers a viable route for improving the long-term performance of W/Ni-coated interconnects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Temperature Oxidation of Pyrolytic Graphite in Simulated Steam Ingress Conditions: Structure, Kinetics and Mechanism","authors":"M. Santhosh,&nbsp;E. Vetrivendan,&nbsp;Koustuv Ghosh,&nbsp;S. Ningshen","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10462-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10462-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reliability and robustness of high-density graphite-made components in pyrochemical reprocessing are vulnerable to oxidative degradation during accidental ingress of water or steam into the containment chamber of the pyro reprocessing facility. The present research aims to investigate the steam oxidation kinetics and associated oxidation mechanisms of chemical vapor-deposited pyrolytic graphite (PyG) in simulated steam environments using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). PyG specimens synthesized at temperatures ranging from 1800 to 2400 °C were subjected to oxidation in a steam-rich H₂O–Ar atmosphere containing approximately 68 vol% H₂O and 32 vol% Ar, with Ar serving as the inert carrier and purge gas. Weight loss percentage and oxidation onset temperatures were derived by dynamic TGA from 200 to 1200 °C, and normalized linear oxidation rate constants were calculated by performing isotherm TGA experiments at temperatures of 1000, 1100, and 1200 °C. The PyG deposited at a higher pyrolysis temperature of 2400 °C, demonstrated the highest oxidation onset point of 1090 °C and the lowest weight-normalized linear rate constant of 2.498 × 10^− 4 and 0.267 × 10^− 2 mg min^− 1 mg^− 1 at the 1000 and 1200 °C isotherms, respectively. Apparent Arrhenius relationships were constructed from the isothermal rate constants, while SEM was used to characterize the associated steam-gasification morphology without assigning a definitive transition in the rate-controlling mechanism. The results provide intrinsic steam-gasification kinetics and mechanisms for free-standing CVD PyG under steam-rich conditions, creating a comparative database to guide future assessments of PyG-coated components for accident-tolerant nuclear applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Surface Degradation Morphology and Microstructural Characterization of Ni–Cu Alloy and 301 Stainless Steel Pipelines After Service in High-Temperature Hydrogen Environment","authors":"Li Xueqiang,&nbsp;Yang Shanglei,&nbsp;Liang Junhui,&nbsp;Zheng Zhaoxuan,&nbsp;Hu Bangguo","doi":"10.1007/s11085-026-10460-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-026-10460-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to compare the microstructure, post-service degradation morphology and microstructural evolution, and crystallographic characteristics of Ni–Cu alloys and 301 stainless steel under high-temperature, hydrogen-rich conditions (1100–1200 °C, primarily H₂ with HCl, silanes, and silicon powder deposition) inside semiconductor reaction furnaces. The objective of this study is to provide a microstructural basis for material selection and structural reliability assessment, while also supporting the design of corrosion-resistant alloys and extending their service life. Using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis, it was found that 301 stainless steel exhibits a typical austenitic microstructure with distinct grain boundaries, surface oxide particles, and localized deposits, showing significant near-surface plastic deformation, grain fragmentation, and hardness non-uniformity (207–236 HV). Similarly, the nickel-copper alloy exhibited distinct precipitates at the edges, with stable surface hardness (176–182 HV) that decreased gradually with depth; its crystallographic features were dominated by columnar grains and low-angle grain boundaries. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis indicates that the edges of the Ni–Cu alloy are enriched with Ti, Cr, Mn, O, and Cl, which aids in the formation of a protective layer; in contrast, 301 stainless steel is dominated by Fe–Si–Ni, making it more susceptible to localized corrosion. XRD analysis confirms that the Ni–Cu alloy possesses a Ni–Cu solid solution matrix containing various compounds, which stands in sharp contrast to the single austenitic phase of 301 stainless steel. Under high-temperature hydrogen chloride corrosion conditions, the Ni–Cu alloy exhibits excellent surface reaction stability due to its matrix properties, elemental segregation, and the formation of a potential protective film. In contrast, 301 stainless steel experiences a significant increase in the risk of “stress-microstructural evolution-localized corrosion sensitivity” due to near-surface deformation and inhomogeneities, indicating that the Ni–Cu alloy is more suitable for such harsh environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"103 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}