Oxidation of Metals最新文献

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Pt Effect on the Bond-Coating/Superalloy Interdiffusion: Case of a Pt-Modified NiCoCrAlYTa Coating 铂对粘结涂层/超合金相互扩散的影响:铂改性镍钴铬铝钽涂层案例
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学
Oxidation of Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11085-024-10314-2
Aurélie Vande Put, Enrica Epifano, Fabrice Crabos, Daniel Monceau
{"title":"Pt Effect on the Bond-Coating/Superalloy Interdiffusion: Case of a Pt-Modified NiCoCrAlYTa Coating","authors":"Aurélie Vande Put,&nbsp;Enrica Epifano,&nbsp;Fabrice Crabos,&nbsp;Daniel Monceau","doi":"10.1007/s11085-024-10314-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-024-10314-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heat treatments and oxidation tests were performed on systems composed of a single-crystal AM3 superalloy with a NiCoCrAlYTa+Pt coating to investigate the effect of Pt on Ta and Ti diffusion at high temperature. Experimental results were compared to an AM3 superalloy directly coated with Pt. For all the studied systems, the effect of Pt on elemental activities was evaluated through thermodynamic calculations. Pt diffusion was found to be faster in the NiCoCrAlYTa coating than in AM3. High Ta contents were measured in the Pt-rich <i>γ</i>′ phase below the surface and significant Al and Cr transport toward the surface was observed, in agreement with thermodynamic calculations which predicted an important decrease in their activities in the presence of Pt. An outward diffusion of Ti was also noticed, whereas calculations did not show a decrease in Ti activity due to Pt. Other discrepancies between experiments and thermodynamic calculations were noted and are discussed in this work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"101 6","pages":"1527 - 1542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11085-024-10314-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Oxidation Properties of Additively Manufactured High Entropy Alloys: A Short Review 添加制造的高熵合金的氧化特性:简评
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学
Oxidation of Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11085-024-10313-3
Jhuo-Lun Lee, An-Chou Yeh, Hideyuki Murakami
{"title":"Oxidation Properties of Additively Manufactured High Entropy Alloys: A Short Review","authors":"Jhuo-Lun Lee,&nbsp;An-Chou Yeh,&nbsp;Hideyuki Murakami","doi":"10.1007/s11085-024-10313-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-024-10313-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High entropy alloys (HEAs) challenge conventional alloy design by incorporating five or more principal elements in near-equal atomic proportions, forming random solid solutions with simple phases. HEAs exhibit exceptional properties such as high phase stability, mechanical strength, corrosion, oxidation, wear, fatigue resistance, and notable thermal stability. While traditional methods like arc melting and casting are often used for HEA preparation, they pose limitations due to cost and processing challenges. Additive manufacturing has emerged as a transformative technique, enabling the cost-effective fabrication of complex structures with customized properties. Here, we summarized the following “state-of-the-art” additively manufactured alloy systems: AlCrCoNiX (X = Fe, Si, Ti, etc.) HEAs, CoCrFeMnNi HEAs, and refractory HEAs. This review focused on elucidating their oxidation properties, emphasizing key findings, challenges, and opportunities. It also discussed the potential strategies for enhancing oxidation resistance. Additionally, it highlighted research gaps and underscored the urgent need for further exploration to meet the demands for high-temperature applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"101 6","pages":"1369 - 1379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Influence of Si on the High-Temperature Oxidation of Near-alpha Titanium Alloys 硅对近α钛合金高温氧化的影响
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学
Oxidation of Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11085-024-10310-6
Virgil Optasanu, Benjamin Vincent, Pascal Berger, María del Carmen Marco de Lucas, Tony Montesin, Luc Lavisse
{"title":"The Influence of Si on the High-Temperature Oxidation of Near-alpha Titanium Alloys","authors":"Virgil Optasanu,&nbsp;Benjamin Vincent,&nbsp;Pascal Berger,&nbsp;María del Carmen Marco de Lucas,&nbsp;Tony Montesin,&nbsp;Luc Lavisse","doi":"10.1007/s11085-024-10310-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-024-10310-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The addition of Si is known to improve the oxidation resistance of pure titanium and titanium alloys. However, most past studies concern the influence of relatively large Si contents (0.35–8 wt%), which is often incompatible with a good ductility because of the presence of Ti<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub> precipitates. This study focuses on the influence of the Si content on the high-temperature resistance of near-alpha alloys from the family of Ti6244 alloy (6% Al, 2% Sn, 4% Zr 4% Mo–wt%) with small proportions of Si. The silicon addition was found to improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of near-alpha Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-Mo family alloys by decreasing the oxidation rate and the oxide scale thickness, as well by producing a denser oxide scale. Rutile and alumina were detected within the oxide scale by XRD and Raman spectrometry. The presence of Si is associated with the presence of larger quantities of N at the oxide/metal interface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"101 6","pages":"1355 - 1367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of Cobalt and Cobalt–Manganese Oxide Coating Thickness Deposited by DLI-MOCVD as a Barrier Against Cr Diffusion for SOC Interconnect 通过 DLI-MOCVD 沉积的钴和钴锰氧化物涂层厚度对 SOC 互连中防止铬扩散的影响
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学
Oxidation of Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11085-024-10316-0
R. Chanson, M. Bouvier, F. Miserque, F. Rouillard, F. Schuster
{"title":"Influence of Cobalt and Cobalt–Manganese Oxide Coating Thickness Deposited by DLI-MOCVD as a Barrier Against Cr Diffusion for SOC Interconnect","authors":"R. Chanson,&nbsp;M. Bouvier,&nbsp;F. Miserque,&nbsp;F. Rouillard,&nbsp;F. Schuster","doi":"10.1007/s11085-024-10316-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-024-10316-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The influence of cobalt and cobalt–manganese oxide coating thickness on its ability to be a good diffusion barrier against Cr outward diffusion was investigated for stainless steel interconnects (AISI 441) of a solid oxide cell (SOC). The coatings were all synthesized using a DLI-MOCVD (Direct Liquid Injection-Metal Oxide Chemical Vapor Deposition) hot wall reactor. The study shows that a minimum cobalt oxide thickness of 300 nm was needed to be a good diffusion barrier against Cr for the 500-h exposure test. This observation was linked to the Mn concentration reached in the cobalt spinel during exposure. Indeed, during exposure at high temperature, Mn diffused from the substrate into the cobalt coating and transformed cobalt spinel into Co-Mn spinel. Whereas pure cobalt spinel was a good Cr diffusion barrier, cobalt-manganese spinel, Co<sub>3-x</sub>Mn<sub>x</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, was not when <i>x</i> &gt; 2. The thickness of the cobalt coatings must be chosen so that the Mn quantity coming into it from diffusion from the substrate does not degrade the protectiveness of the coating.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"101 6","pages":"1467 - 1478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11085-024-10316-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Machine Learning Approach to Investigate High Temperature Corrosion of Critical Infrastructure Materials 调查关键基础设施材料高温腐蚀的机器学习方法
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学
Oxidation of Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11085-024-10312-4
Ramkumar Muthukrishnan, Yakubu Balogun, Vinooth Rajendran, Anil Prathuru, Mamdud Hossain, Nadimul Haque Faisal
{"title":"Machine Learning Approach to Investigate High Temperature Corrosion of Critical Infrastructure Materials","authors":"Ramkumar Muthukrishnan,&nbsp;Yakubu Balogun,&nbsp;Vinooth Rajendran,&nbsp;Anil Prathuru,&nbsp;Mamdud Hossain,&nbsp;Nadimul Haque Faisal","doi":"10.1007/s11085-024-10312-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-024-10312-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Degradation of coatings and structural materials due to high temperature corrosion in the presence of molten salt environment is a major concern for critical infrastructure applications to meet its commercial viability. The choice of high value coatings and structural (construction parts) materials comes with challenges, and therefore data centric approach may accelerate change in discovery and data practices. This research aims to use machine learning (ML) approach to estimate corrosion rates of materials when operated at high temperatures conditions (e.g., nuclear, geothermal, oxidation (dry/wet), solar applications) but geared towards nuclear thermochemical cycles. Published data related to materials (structural and coatings materials), their composition and manufacturing, including corrosion environment were gathered and analysed. Analysis demonstrated that random forest regression model is highly precise compared to other models. Assessment indicates that very limited sets of materials are likely to survive high temperature corrosive environment for extended period of exposure. While a higher quality and larger dataset are required to accurately predict the corrosion rate, the findings demonstrated the value of ML’s regression and data mining capabilities for corrosion data analysis. With the research gap in material selection strategies, proposed research will be critical to advancing data analytics approach exploiting their properties for high temperature corrosion applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"101 1 supplement","pages":"309 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11085-024-10312-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Solid/Molten Na2SO4-Induced Hot Corrosion Behaviors of Mar-M247 Alloy with CVD Aluminide Coatings 带有 CVD 铝涂层的 Mar-M247 合金的固态/熔融 Na2SO4 诱导的热腐蚀行为
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学
Oxidation of Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11085-024-10315-1
Qi Hu, Shujiang Geng, Jinlong Wang, Fuhui Wang, Qingyun Sun, Siyao Xia, Yong Wu
{"title":"Solid/Molten Na2SO4-Induced Hot Corrosion Behaviors of Mar-M247 Alloy with CVD Aluminide Coatings","authors":"Qi Hu,&nbsp;Shujiang Geng,&nbsp;Jinlong Wang,&nbsp;Fuhui Wang,&nbsp;Qingyun Sun,&nbsp;Siyao Xia,&nbsp;Yong Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11085-024-10315-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-024-10315-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aluminide coatings were prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method on Ni-based superalloy Mar-M247 to improve the corrosion resistance. The Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-induced hot corrosion behavior of Mar-M247 with and without aluminide coating was investigated at varying temperatures. The results revealed that the substrate underwent relatively mild corrosion attack at temperatures below the Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> melting point, but extremely severe corrosion attack above it. The aluminide coating significantly improved the corrosion resistance of the substrate, with the formation of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> scale during corrosion. The effects of both solid and molten Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> on hot corrosion resistance of Mar-M247 alloy and its aluminide coating was discussed, as well as the detrimental effect of tungsten on the substrate in ‘type I’ hot corrosion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"101 1 supplement","pages":"283 - 307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of Water Vapor and Local Gas Velocity on the Oxidation Kinetics of In625 at 900 °C: Experimental Study and CFD Gas Phase Simulation 水蒸气和局部气体速度对 In625 在 900 °C 下氧化动力学的影响:实验研究与 CFD 气相模拟
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学
Oxidation of Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11085-024-10307-1
Guillaume Duthoit, Aurélie Vande Put, Brigitte Caussat, Hugues Vergnes, Daniel Monceau
{"title":"Influence of Water Vapor and Local Gas Velocity on the Oxidation Kinetics of In625 at 900 °C: Experimental Study and CFD Gas Phase Simulation","authors":"Guillaume Duthoit,&nbsp;Aurélie Vande Put,&nbsp;Brigitte Caussat,&nbsp;Hugues Vergnes,&nbsp;Daniel Monceau","doi":"10.1007/s11085-024-10307-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-024-10307-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of water vapor content on the oxidation behavior of In625 at 900 °C in synthetic air was reported. The higher the water vapor content, the greater the oxidation and volatilization rates were. Increasing the water vapor content led to an increase in the proportion of spinel and rutile-type oxides in the oxide scale compared to chromia, and the proportion of Al-rich oxides within the alloy. A k<sub>p</sub>-k<sub>v</sub> mass variation model was used to quantify the experimental results, and Fluent Ansys® CFD simulations of the gas phase were used to predict volatilization rates. CFD simulations were used to calculate local gas velocity, temperature and composition along with local volatilization rates at each point on the sample surface. It was possible to explain not only the variations in volatilization between upstream and downstream samples, but also the increased volatilization at sample corners. For longer durations, it was shown experimentally that the rate of volatilization decreases. This was explained by the enrichment of the oxide scale with spinel and rutile-type oxides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"101 6","pages":"1513 - 1526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11085-024-10307-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hot Corrosion Behaviour by Na2SO4 Deposits of the 1st Generation AM1 Single-Crystal Nickel-Based Superalloy at 750 °C 第一代 AM1 单晶镍基超级合金在 750 °C 下的 Na2SO4 沉积热腐蚀行为
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学
Oxidation of Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11085-024-10304-4
D. Piel, A. Martin, E. Drouelle, J. Cormier, F. Pedraza
{"title":"Hot Corrosion Behaviour by Na2SO4 Deposits of the 1st Generation AM1 Single-Crystal Nickel-Based Superalloy at 750 °C","authors":"D. Piel,&nbsp;A. Martin,&nbsp;E. Drouelle,&nbsp;J. Cormier,&nbsp;F. Pedraza","doi":"10.1007/s11085-024-10304-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-024-10304-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper highlights that hot corrosion at 750 °C can develop on the surface of AM1 nickel-based single-crystal superalloy (SX) turbine blades, whether in the As-Cast (AC) or Fully Heat-Treated (FHT) states even in the absence of SO<sub>3</sub> (g) flow. It was found that the 1 and 3 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> deposits induce sulphidation, oxidation and basic flux at such low temperature like in Type I hot corrosion. Sulphidation is mainly located in the γˈ-depleted zone irrespective the substrate (AC and FHT). The metallurgical segregations in the AC superalloy extend the incubation period in contrast to what is observed upon pure oxidation. The increase in salt content showed a reduction in hot corrosive attack by forming a barrier layer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"101 6","pages":"1287 - 1299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microstructural Evolution of Pre-oxidized T91 Steel During LBE Dissolution Corrosion 预氧化 T91 钢在 LBE 溶解腐蚀过程中的微观结构演变
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学
Oxidation of Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11085-024-10309-z
Chao Liu, Tielong Shen, Le Qi, Zhiwei Ma, Hailong Chang, Zhiguang Wang
{"title":"Microstructural Evolution of Pre-oxidized T91 Steel During LBE Dissolution Corrosion","authors":"Chao Liu,&nbsp;Tielong Shen,&nbsp;Le Qi,&nbsp;Zhiwei Ma,&nbsp;Hailong Chang,&nbsp;Zhiguang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11085-024-10309-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-024-10309-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The microstructural evolution of T91 steel by pre-steam oxidation during liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) dissolution corrosion was investigated. A bi-layered pre-oxide film with Fe-rich outer layer and Cr-rich inner layer was formed on T91 steel, which was similar to the oxide film of T91 after oxidation corrosion in LBE. The pre-oxide film effectively protects the matrix from LBE corrosion at 620 °C. However, the composition and microstructure of the pre-oxide film changed dramatically. Unlike the original duplex structure, the pre-oxide film exposed to LBE undergoes a process of reduction of the outer layer and oxidative growth of the inner layer and changes into five layers, the loose and easily peeling outer Fe layer, the dense and intact inner layers successively consisting of Fe–Cr spinel layer, a transition layer of matrix and Cr-rich oxide, continuous Cr-rich oxide layer with tetragonal distorted spinel structure and amorphous SiO<sub>2</sub> layer. The evolution mechanism of the pre-oxide film during LBE dissolution corrosion is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"101 1 supplement","pages":"267 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of Isothermal Oxidation Performance of IN939 Produced by Casting and Additive Manufacturing 通过铸造和增材制造生产的 IN939 等温氧化性能比较
IF 2.1 3区 材料科学
Oxidation of Metals Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11085-024-10305-3
Batuhan Basbozkurt, Cevat Sarioglu
{"title":"Comparison of Isothermal Oxidation Performance of IN939 Produced by Casting and Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Batuhan Basbozkurt,&nbsp;Cevat Sarioglu","doi":"10.1007/s11085-024-10305-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11085-024-10305-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The focus of this study was to compare the isothermal oxidation behavior of IN 939 nickel-based superalloys produced by selective laser melting and casting. Oxidation experiments were performed on both heat-treated and non-heat-treated, as cast and additively manufactured samples, to reveal the role of heat treatment and manufacturing methods on oxidation behavior. As cast samples underwent a two-step aging at 1080 and 843 °C, while a one-step aging was carried out for additively manufactured samples at 845 °C. The microstructure of the as cast IN 939 exhibited a dendritic structure with gamma prime precipitates. Following the heat treatment, primary and secondary gamma prime precipitates were formed. Additively manufactured IN 939 exhibited clearly visible melt pools and no trace of gamma prime precipitates. After heat treatment the melt pools disappeared, and gamma prime precipitates formed. Oxidation experiments were performed at 800, 900 and 1000 °C. All samples exhibited similar weight gain characteristics and obeyed a parabolic rate law. Spallation did not occur at 800 and 900 °C, whereas at 1000 °C all samples experienced spallation. The activation energies of all samples, calculated for three temperatures (800, 900, and 1000 °C), were similar, ranging between 260.99 and 287.51 kJ/mole. XRD and EDS analyses indicated that the oxide scale formed on all IN 939 samples was mainly Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub> in rutile form. The internal oxidation and nitridation zones were investigated using SEM and image analysis. The results showed that at 1000 °C, internal oxidation and nitridation extended deeper into the bulk material for additively manufactured samples due to the finer and columnar grains along the building direction which contained extensive amounts of precipitates compared to cast microstructure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":724,"journal":{"name":"Oxidation of Metals","volume":"101 1 supplement","pages":"245 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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