Roberta Albino dos Reis , Martín A. Fernández-Baldo , Renan S. Nunes , Amedea B. Seabra
{"title":"Metal-organic frameworks: An overview of a possible solution for modern agriculture","authors":"Roberta Albino dos Reis , Martín A. Fernández-Baldo , Renan S. Nunes , Amedea B. Seabra","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for addressing modern agricultural challenges due to their exceptional porosity, high surface area, and chemical versatility. These crystalline frameworks enable the controlled release of agrochemicals, such as fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides, improving resource efficiency and reducing environmental contamination. MOFs also exhibit multifunctionality, including water retention, pollutant remediation, and soil monitoring, offering solutions to issues like nutrient leaching, water scarcity, and pest resistance. ni Moreover, MOFs have been used as platform for biomolecules immobilization in the development of biosensors applied to agricultural area. Despite their transformative potential, challenges related to cost, scalability, and regulatory frameworks remain significant barriers to widespread adoption. This review explores the properties, applications, and limitations of MOFs in agriculture, emphasizing their role in advancing sustainable farming practices and highlighting perspectives for their integration into precision agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 113609"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of Cu distribution in Cu/SAPO-34 catalyst on the continuous direct conversion of methane to methanol","authors":"Yihang Jiang , Wenzhi Li , Xia Zhang , Liang Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct oxidation of methane to methanol is a significant approach for utilizing natural gas and unconventional natural gas, reducing carbon emissions, and increasing energy efficiency. A series of Cu/SAPO-34 catalysts were successfully prepared using a simple and controllable solid ion exchange method for the continuous conversion of methane to methanol. The 1.5 wt% Cu/SAPO-34 achieves highest methanol yield of 178.3 μmol/(g<sub>cat</sub>·h), while maintaining a methanol selectivity of 47 % at 400 °C. The distribution of copper in the zeolite significantly affects its direct conversion of methane to methanol. Through ex-situ DRIFTS, EPR, and H<sub>2</sub>-TPR, all Cu/SAPO-34 catalysts contained two types of copper: one is isolated copper located on the hexagonal rings of the zeolite, which effectively conversion methane to methanol, and copper oxide nanoparticles in a cage, which easily cause over-oxidation of methanol. The in-situ DRIFTS confirmed the Cu<sup>2+</sup>-Cu<sup>+</sup>-Cu<sup>2+</sup> redox cycle mechanism of the reaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 113607"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariana Erculano da Fonseca , Gabriel de Freitas Batista , Tomaz Alves dos Santos Lima , Márcio César Pereira , Raquel Vieira Mambrini
{"title":"Hydrothermal synthesis of mesoporous cerium oxide nanoparticles with improved properties by niobium doping","authors":"Mariana Erculano da Fonseca , Gabriel de Freitas Batista , Tomaz Alves dos Santos Lima , Márcio César Pereira , Raquel Vieira Mambrini","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanostructured materials exhibit remarkable properties, making them promising candidates for effluent treatment applications. The doped compounds can further enhance their efficiency. Herein, cerium and niobium-based nanomaterials were synthesized using an easy hydrothermal method for application in effluent treatment. Materials with different Ce:Nb molar ratios were produced and characterized using various techniques, including X-ray fluorescence, powder X-ray diffraction, adsorption-desorption isotherms of N<sub>2</sub>, Raman spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results confirmed the incorporation of niobium into the structures of the materials, which showed mesoporous characteristics, and the Rietveld refinement shows a decrease in lattice parameters, suggesting that niobium replaces some Ce ions in the CeO<sub>2</sub> structure. A higher niobium ratio led to a larger pore diameter but a smaller surface area. Additionally, the materials exhibited absorption in the UV region and a bandgap between 2.75 and 2.85 eV, demonstrating their potential for use in photocatalytic reactions. The materials were tested for oxidation of dye compounds under ultraviolet and visible light, and the results showed a tremendous oxidative potential. The best condition presented 100 % degradation after 60 min of reaction, and after five reaction cycles, it was kept above 90 % removal. Mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI-MS) spectra and total organic carbon (TOC) rate showed the high oxidation rate of the dye. So, niobium doping in cerium oxide showed an increased catalytic potential, which does not require catalytic support or a semiconductor for photocatalysis reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 113608"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydration pathways of CaCl2 inside matrices with different pore sizes","authors":"Michaela C. Eberbach , A.I. Shkatulov , H.P. Huinink , H.R. Fischer , O.C.G. Adan","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For use as a heat storage material, CaCl<sub>2</sub> is often impregnated into porous materials. This is done to stabilize the salt against conglomeration and its dissolution due to the low deliquescence relative humidity. However, CaCl<sub>2</sub> has overlapping temperature and water vapor pressure conditions for its trito- and monohydrate, which are kinetically hindered against each other creating path-dependent (de-)hydration steps. These pathways may change under the influence of confinement. These changes can influence the temperature output for heat batteries using CaCl<sub>2</sub> composites and could make the taken pathways for hydration and dehydration either more complex or simpler than the pure salt. So, in this research, the hydration and dehydration steps of CaCl<sub>2</sub> inside different clays (Vermiculite, Halloysite, and Sepiolite) and silica gels were investigated with respect to their transformations compared to the bulk salt. Therefore, the kinetic phase transition onsets were determined with isobaric TGA measurements together with PXRD in situ experiments to confirm or identify the crystalline phases. This showed that inside pores, CaCl<sub>2</sub> forms the monohydrate rather than the tritohydrate. The decrease of pore diameter leads to easier formation of monohydrate over tritohydrate. This trend can be explained by the crystal structures of the hydrates and their unit cell volumes considering that larger crystals are difficult to form in the limited space inside the pore systems. This change in phase transition steps influences the transition temperatures, which affects its application for heat storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 113605"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structure-directing effects of tetraalkylammonium cations in the interzeolite transformation of zeolitic MWW-type nickel silicate","authors":"Siyeon Lee, Sungjoon Kweon, Min Bum Park","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we successfully synthesized RUT-type and cristobalite nickel silicate materials by using tetramethylammonium (TMA<sup>+</sup>) and phenyltrimethylammonium ions (PTMA<sup>+</sup>), respectively, through the interzeolite transformation of the parent MWW-type nickel silicate (Ni-MWW). Under hydrothermal conditions, the parent Ni-MWW gradually decomposed into amorphous nickel silicate and subsequently reassembled into RUT and cristobalite structures after 12 and 24 h of crystallization time, respectively. With increasing crystallization time, the framework Ni species were stabilized by converting intermediate Ni species into isolated Ni species, resulting in a more thermodynamically stable chemical state. During the interzeolite transformation process, we obtained well-dispersed Ni species within fully crystallized RUT and cristobalite structures, with Ni loadings of approximately 7 and 8 wt%, respectively. Here, we comprehensively discuss the structure-directing effects of tetraalkylammonium cations, which lead to variations in both crystallization and stabilization rates of framework Ni species through the interzeolite transformation of Ni-MWW. This includes the use of TMAOH and PTMAOH, as well as our previous studies on tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH), tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH), and N,N,N-trimethyl-1-adamantammonium hydroxide (TMAdaOH).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 113604"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in mesoporous silica nanoparticles as carriers for drug delivery and other biomedical applications","authors":"Mohammed Ilyes Grini , Chahinez Benbayer , Salima Saidi-Besbes , Abdelhamid Elaissari","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are significant porous materials that have gained increasing interest for biomedical applications due to their appealing physicochemical properties and advantageous morphology. Their tailored mesoporous structure and porosity, thermal stability, high surface area, and framework composition make them an attractive drug delivery platform for treating a range of diseases, offering significant advantages over traditional drug nanocarriers. A variety of small molecules and macromolecules, including proteins, DNA, RNA, genes, and antigens, have been successfully loaded into engineered MSNs-based systems. The chemical flexibility of MSNs was exploited to impart new functionality to these nanoparticles, with the objective of enhancing the loading of bioactive substances and their controlled and targeted release, as well as improving their biocompatibility and bioavailability. These developments have resulted in the creation of smart carriers, such as stimuli-reactive drug delivery systems, which demonstrate remarkable performance in both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> environments. This review provides an overview of the different types of MSNs and the synthesis methods used for their fabrication. The main drug loading approaches will be discussed, with an emphasis on the recent developments in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems that can specifically respond to physical and chemical changes in their environment. Additionally, current ongoing research and future trends in biomedical applications of MSNs, including tissue engineering, imaging, biosensing, and theragnostic will be highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 113603"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3D printed mullite monoliths with triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) architectures functionalized with HKUST-1 for CO2 capture","authors":"Arianna Bertero , Bartolomeo Coppola , Julien Schmitt , Olinda Gimello , Philippe Trens , Paola Palmero , Jean-Marc Tulliani","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ceramic porous scaffolds functionalized with Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are promising systems for carbon capture, providing a valuable strategy to decrease CO<sub>2</sub> atmospheric concentration and mitigating the dramatic issues related to global warming. Thus, the present work focuses on the combination of a highly microporous CO<sub>2</sub> adsorbent HKUST-1 coating with porous and interconnected mullite (3Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>⋅2SiO<sub>2</sub>) substrates obtained by a combination of additive manufacturing and impregnation techniques, before a complete characterization of their CO<sub>2</sub>-sorption properties. Two triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) architectures, Schwartz Primitive and gyroid, were fabricated with high resolution and accuracy by Digital Light Processing, using two mullite powders, labelled Mc and Mf, presenting different compositions and particle size distribution. Mullite monoliths were functionalized with a continuous HKUST-1 (Cu<sub>3</sub>(BTC)<sub>2</sub>) coating. The impact of the type of architecture on the amount of deposited HKUST-1 and the sorption capacity were monitored. MOFs mass intakes reached 4.2 and 3.9 wt% for Mc Schwartz primitive and gyroid respectively. The textural properties and CO<sub>2</sub> sorption capacity of the materials were studied by N<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> sorption at 77 K and 298 K respectively. CO<sub>2</sub> gas chromatography was performed at different temperatures (32 °C–80 °C) and gas flows (10–40 mL/min) using a filled column with the different materials. TPMS monoliths were compared to traditional adsorbent powder bed in terms of pressure drops, permeability, gas speed and retention time normalized by MOFs amount, highlighting the advantages of the shaping approaches with respect to powder beds. High permeabilities were reached (Darcy's coefficient k ≈ 10 x10<sup>−13</sup> m<sup>2</sup> for Mc Schwartz). Monoliths also promoted CO<sub>2</sub>/adsorbent contact time, lowering the gas speed below 1.5 cm/s, compared to 2–5 cm/s, in the case of powder bed. HKUST-1 functionalized TPMS monoliths drastically enhanced the CO<sub>2</sub> retention time normalized by MOFs amount, with values increased by a factor 6, from 7 s/g for the powder bed to 30 s/g and 20 s/g for gyroid and Schwartz primitive scaffolds respectively. This work represents a crucial step forward in the development of hierarchically porous and geometrically complex carbon capture and storage systems. Indeed, the current work goes beyond our previous studies by producing and comparing different TPMS designs and introducing for the first time gas chromatography to demonstrate the advantages of TPMS scaffolds in enhancing CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 113601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrei Dubiniak , Leonid Kulikov , Sergey Egazar'yants , Anton Maximov , Eduard Karakhanov
{"title":"Metal-acid bifunctional catalysts based on porous aromatic frameworks for tandem alkylation-hydrogenation of phenolics with furanics","authors":"Andrei Dubiniak , Leonid Kulikov , Sergey Egazar'yants , Anton Maximov , Eduard Karakhanov","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Noble metal catalysts based on porous aromatic frameworks modified with sulfo groups were studied in tandem alkylation-hydrogenation reaction between lignocellulose-derived furanic (furfural, furfuryl alcohol and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) and phenolic compounds (phenol, m-cresol, guaiacol) to produce high-density fuel precursors. Platinum catalysts were synthesized based on PAF-30-SO<sub>3</sub>H-3 and PAF-30-SO<sub>3</sub>H-5 supports with 3 and 5 % of sulfur, respectively, and both with 0.8 % of platinum. Hydroalkylation of mixtures of two substrates was performed. The reaction of guaiacol with furfuryl alcohol is characterized by the highest yields of long-chain products. The influence of substrates ratio, H<sub>2</sub> pressure, reaction temperature and time on selectivity and activity of the catalysts was studied. The highest yield (77 %) of long-chain oxygenates among all experiments was achieved under the following reaction conditions: 2 MPa H<sub>2</sub>, 4 h, 130 °C and 1:8 mol/mol furfuryl alcohol-guaiacol ratio. Catalysts Pd-PAF-30-SO<sub>3</sub>H-3 (with 1.1 % of palladium) and Ru-PAF-30-SO<sub>3</sub>H-3 (with 0.3 % of ruthenium) were tested in the tandem process to evaluate the impact of metal on reaction. To our knowledge, tandem alkylation-hydrogenation between biomass-derived furanics and phenolics over bifunctional catalysts based on organic polymers is reported for the first time. Moreover, some products of hydroalkylation (e.g., tricyclic oxygenates) haven't yet been described.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 113594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jilong Peng , Xunqian Zhang , Rongqing Qin , Fang Lai , Na Shi , Qinggang Ren , Kungang Chai
{"title":"A chlorine-rich Zn-based metal-organic framework for efficient separation of C3H6/C2H4 and C2H6/C2H4","authors":"Jilong Peng , Xunqian Zhang , Rongqing Qin , Fang Lai , Na Shi , Qinggang Ren , Kungang Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the petrochemical industry, efficiently achieving one-step purification of ethylene (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) from propylene (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>) or ethane (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>) is a highly sought-after yet challenging task. Herein, we present a chlorine-rich Zn-based metal-organic framework (DMOF-1-Cl<sub>2</sub>) that retains the essential topology of the parent DMOF-1 through the incorporation of 2,5-dichloroterephthalate linkers. The chlorine atoms within the square pores of DMOF-1-Cl<sub>2</sub>, due to their high electronegativity, serve as potential adsorption sites. Gas adsorptive experiments revealed its preferential adsorption of C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> over C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> at different temperatures. Ideal adsorption solution theory calculation revealed that the selectivity of DMOF-1-Cl<sub>2</sub> for C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> reaches 20.8 and 2.2 at 313 K, respectively, outperforming its counterpart (DMOF-1-Br<sub>2</sub>) and most previously reported adsorbents. Theoretical calculations indicated that the gas molecules are primarily distributed around the chlorine atoms with multiple interactions. Furthermore, dynamic breakthrough experiments fully demonstrated the actual potential for achieving one-step purification of polymer-grade C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, in which DMOF-1-Cl<sub>2</sub> displayed high productivity of 206.1 and 31.6 L kg<sup>−1</sup> from C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> (2/5, v/v) and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> (1/9, v/v), respectively. Despite the fact that the yield of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> separation from C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> mixtures is not extremely high, it still remains at a satisfactory level, demonstrating the practical value and potential of DMOF-1-Cl<sub>2</sub> for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 113600"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriela Zelenková , Tomáš Zelenka , Dorota Majda , Eva Kinnertová , Miroslav Almáši
{"title":"Exploring macroporosity and partial mesoporosity in carbon materials through thermoporometry with menthol","authors":"Gabriela Zelenková , Tomáš Zelenka , Dorota Majda , Eva Kinnertová , Miroslav Almáši","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores using menthol as a novel solid probe in thermoporometry (TPM) to analyze meso- and macroporosity in carbonaceous materials, which is traditionally challenging for conventional liquid probes like water. Four carbon samples with varying pore sizes were characterized to assess ability of menthol to complement traditional methods such as nitrogen physisorption, mercury intrusion, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results showed that menthol has a detection range from 20 nm to 1500 nm. This allows it to effectively and accurately identify macropores and large mesopores. Optimizing conditions — sample drying, contact time, and heating rate — was essential for accurate results. Pre-drying the carbon samples at 195 °C for 1–4 days minimized moisture interference, and a contact time of 1 h proved sufficient for pore filling. A heating rate of 1 °C min<sup>−1</sup> was found to offer optimal peak resolution and baseline stability in DSC curves. The findings suggest that menthol-based TPM is a reliable alternative to traditional methods, expanding the scope of porosity analysis in carbon materials and enabling the effective characterization of larger pores. This study establishes menthol's potential as a versatile probe in TPM, offering a new approach to the comprehensive characterization of porous structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 113598"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}