{"title":"Structure-directing effects of tetraalkylammonium cations in the interzeolite transformation of zeolitic MWW-type nickel silicate","authors":"Siyeon Lee, Sungjoon Kweon, Min Bum Park","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we successfully synthesized RUT-type and cristobalite nickel silicate materials by using tetramethylammonium (TMA<sup>+</sup>) and phenyltrimethylammonium ions (PTMA<sup>+</sup>), respectively, through the interzeolite transformation of the parent MWW-type nickel silicate (Ni-MWW). Under hydrothermal conditions, the parent Ni-MWW gradually decomposed into amorphous nickel silicate and subsequently reassembled into RUT and cristobalite structures after 12 and 24 h of crystallization time, respectively. With increasing crystallization time, the framework Ni species were stabilized by converting intermediate Ni species into isolated Ni species, resulting in a more thermodynamically stable chemical state. During the interzeolite transformation process, we obtained well-dispersed Ni species within fully crystallized RUT and cristobalite structures, with Ni loadings of approximately 7 and 8 wt%, respectively. Here, we comprehensively discuss the structure-directing effects of tetraalkylammonium cations, which lead to variations in both crystallization and stabilization rates of framework Ni species through the interzeolite transformation of Ni-MWW. This includes the use of TMAOH and PTMAOH, as well as our previous studies on tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH), tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH), and N,N,N-trimethyl-1-adamantammonium hydroxide (TMAdaOH).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 113604"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in mesoporous silica nanoparticles as carriers for drug delivery and other biomedical applications","authors":"Mohammed Ilyes Grini , Chahinez Benbayer , Salima Saidi-Besbes , Abdelhamid Elaissari","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are significant porous materials that have gained increasing interest for biomedical applications due to their appealing physicochemical properties and advantageous morphology. Their tailored mesoporous structure and porosity, thermal stability, high surface area, and framework composition make them an attractive drug delivery platform for treating a range of diseases, offering significant advantages over traditional drug nanocarriers. A variety of small molecules and macromolecules, including proteins, DNA, RNA, genes, and antigens, have been successfully loaded into engineered MSNs-based systems. The chemical flexibility of MSNs was exploited to impart new functionality to these nanoparticles, with the objective of enhancing the loading of bioactive substances and their controlled and targeted release, as well as improving their biocompatibility and bioavailability. These developments have resulted in the creation of smart carriers, such as stimuli-reactive drug delivery systems, which demonstrate remarkable performance in both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> environments. This review provides an overview of the different types of MSNs and the synthesis methods used for their fabrication. The main drug loading approaches will be discussed, with an emphasis on the recent developments in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems that can specifically respond to physical and chemical changes in their environment. Additionally, current ongoing research and future trends in biomedical applications of MSNs, including tissue engineering, imaging, biosensing, and theragnostic will be highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 113603"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3D printed mullite monoliths with triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) architectures functionalized with HKUST-1 for CO2 capture","authors":"Arianna Bertero , Bartolomeo Coppola , Julien Schmitt , Olinda Gimello , Philippe Trens , Paola Palmero , Jean-Marc Tulliani","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ceramic porous scaffolds functionalized with Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are promising systems for carbon capture, providing a valuable strategy to decrease CO<sub>2</sub> atmospheric concentration and mitigating the dramatic issues related to global warming. Thus, the present work focuses on the combination of a highly microporous CO<sub>2</sub> adsorbent HKUST-1 coating with porous and interconnected mullite (3Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>⋅2SiO<sub>2</sub>) substrates obtained by a combination of additive manufacturing and impregnation techniques, before a complete characterization of their CO<sub>2</sub>-sorption properties. Two triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) architectures, Schwartz Primitive and gyroid, were fabricated with high resolution and accuracy by Digital Light Processing, using two mullite powders, labelled Mc and Mf, presenting different compositions and particle size distribution. Mullite monoliths were functionalized with a continuous HKUST-1 (Cu<sub>3</sub>(BTC)<sub>2</sub>) coating. The impact of the type of architecture on the amount of deposited HKUST-1 and the sorption capacity were monitored. MOFs mass intakes reached 4.2 and 3.9 wt% for Mc Schwartz primitive and gyroid respectively. The textural properties and CO<sub>2</sub> sorption capacity of the materials were studied by N<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> sorption at 77 K and 298 K respectively. CO<sub>2</sub> gas chromatography was performed at different temperatures (32 °C–80 °C) and gas flows (10–40 mL/min) using a filled column with the different materials. TPMS monoliths were compared to traditional adsorbent powder bed in terms of pressure drops, permeability, gas speed and retention time normalized by MOFs amount, highlighting the advantages of the shaping approaches with respect to powder beds. High permeabilities were reached (Darcy's coefficient k ≈ 10 x10<sup>−13</sup> m<sup>2</sup> for Mc Schwartz). Monoliths also promoted CO<sub>2</sub>/adsorbent contact time, lowering the gas speed below 1.5 cm/s, compared to 2–5 cm/s, in the case of powder bed. HKUST-1 functionalized TPMS monoliths drastically enhanced the CO<sub>2</sub> retention time normalized by MOFs amount, with values increased by a factor 6, from 7 s/g for the powder bed to 30 s/g and 20 s/g for gyroid and Schwartz primitive scaffolds respectively. This work represents a crucial step forward in the development of hierarchically porous and geometrically complex carbon capture and storage systems. Indeed, the current work goes beyond our previous studies by producing and comparing different TPMS designs and introducing for the first time gas chromatography to demonstrate the advantages of TPMS scaffolds in enhancing CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 113601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sulfated ZrO2 dispersed MCM-41 as an efficient catalyst in the production of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether, an alternative for diesel: Brønsted acid sites key to its selective formation","authors":"Mahesh Dumpalapally , Sasikumar Boggala , Hari Padmasri Aytam , Kalpana Manda , Ashok Jangam , Venu Boosa , Anjaneyulu Chatla , Sreedhar Inkollu , Venugopal Akula","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MCM-41-supported sulfated zirconia (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>/ZrO<sub>2</sub>/MCM-41) was identified as an efficient catalyst for the generation of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (PODE) from the polymerization of dimethoxymethane (DMM) with 1,3,5-trioxane (TOX). The type of acid sites involved and their surface conditions are deduced from NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD and pyridine-adsorbed IR techniques that revealed strong acidic site presence, which was responsible for its superior catalytic efficiency. Strong Brønsted acidic sites on the SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>/ZrO<sub>2</sub>/MCM-41 catalyst surface led to a 72 % DMM conversion and a 42 % selectivity, with the desired chain length of PODE<sub>3-5</sub>. The IR and XPS analyses confirmed the existence of sulfate moieties on the catalyst surface. The experimental results showed stable catalytic activity up to four recycles without any leaching of the sulfate moiety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 113593"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrei Dubiniak , Leonid Kulikov , Sergey Egazar'yants , Anton Maximov , Eduard Karakhanov
{"title":"Metal-acid bifunctional catalysts based on porous aromatic frameworks for tandem alkylation-hydrogenation of phenolics with furanics","authors":"Andrei Dubiniak , Leonid Kulikov , Sergey Egazar'yants , Anton Maximov , Eduard Karakhanov","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Noble metal catalysts based on porous aromatic frameworks modified with sulfo groups were studied in tandem alkylation-hydrogenation reaction between lignocellulose-derived furanic (furfural, furfuryl alcohol and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) and phenolic compounds (phenol, m-cresol, guaiacol) to produce high-density fuel precursors. Platinum catalysts were synthesized based on PAF-30-SO<sub>3</sub>H-3 and PAF-30-SO<sub>3</sub>H-5 supports with 3 and 5 % of sulfur, respectively, and both with 0.8 % of platinum. Hydroalkylation of mixtures of two substrates was performed. The reaction of guaiacol with furfuryl alcohol is characterized by the highest yields of long-chain products. The influence of substrates ratio, H<sub>2</sub> pressure, reaction temperature and time on selectivity and activity of the catalysts was studied. The highest yield (77 %) of long-chain oxygenates among all experiments was achieved under the following reaction conditions: 2 MPa H<sub>2</sub>, 4 h, 130 °C and 1:8 mol/mol furfuryl alcohol-guaiacol ratio. Catalysts Pd-PAF-30-SO<sub>3</sub>H-3 (with 1.1 % of palladium) and Ru-PAF-30-SO<sub>3</sub>H-3 (with 0.3 % of ruthenium) were tested in the tandem process to evaluate the impact of metal on reaction. To our knowledge, tandem alkylation-hydrogenation between biomass-derived furanics and phenolics over bifunctional catalysts based on organic polymers is reported for the first time. Moreover, some products of hydroalkylation (e.g., tricyclic oxygenates) haven't yet been described.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 113594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jilong Peng , Xunqian Zhang , Rongqing Qin , Fang Lai , Na Shi , Qinggang Ren , Kungang Chai
{"title":"A chlorine-rich Zn-based metal-organic framework for efficient separation of C3H6/C2H4 and C2H6/C2H4","authors":"Jilong Peng , Xunqian Zhang , Rongqing Qin , Fang Lai , Na Shi , Qinggang Ren , Kungang Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the petrochemical industry, efficiently achieving one-step purification of ethylene (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) from propylene (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>) or ethane (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>) is a highly sought-after yet challenging task. Herein, we present a chlorine-rich Zn-based metal-organic framework (DMOF-1-Cl<sub>2</sub>) that retains the essential topology of the parent DMOF-1 through the incorporation of 2,5-dichloroterephthalate linkers. The chlorine atoms within the square pores of DMOF-1-Cl<sub>2</sub>, due to their high electronegativity, serve as potential adsorption sites. Gas adsorptive experiments revealed its preferential adsorption of C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> over C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> at different temperatures. Ideal adsorption solution theory calculation revealed that the selectivity of DMOF-1-Cl<sub>2</sub> for C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> reaches 20.8 and 2.2 at 313 K, respectively, outperforming its counterpart (DMOF-1-Br<sub>2</sub>) and most previously reported adsorbents. Theoretical calculations indicated that the gas molecules are primarily distributed around the chlorine atoms with multiple interactions. Furthermore, dynamic breakthrough experiments fully demonstrated the actual potential for achieving one-step purification of polymer-grade C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, in which DMOF-1-Cl<sub>2</sub> displayed high productivity of 206.1 and 31.6 L kg<sup>−1</sup> from C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> (2/5, v/v) and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> (1/9, v/v), respectively. Despite the fact that the yield of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> separation from C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> mixtures is not extremely high, it still remains at a satisfactory level, demonstrating the practical value and potential of DMOF-1-Cl<sub>2</sub> for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 113600"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriela Zelenková , Tomáš Zelenka , Dorota Majda , Eva Kinnertová , Miroslav Almáši
{"title":"Exploring macroporosity and partial mesoporosity in carbon materials through thermoporometry with menthol","authors":"Gabriela Zelenková , Tomáš Zelenka , Dorota Majda , Eva Kinnertová , Miroslav Almáši","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores using menthol as a novel solid probe in thermoporometry (TPM) to analyze meso- and macroporosity in carbonaceous materials, which is traditionally challenging for conventional liquid probes like water. Four carbon samples with varying pore sizes were characterized to assess ability of menthol to complement traditional methods such as nitrogen physisorption, mercury intrusion, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results showed that menthol has a detection range from 20 nm to 1500 nm. This allows it to effectively and accurately identify macropores and large mesopores. Optimizing conditions — sample drying, contact time, and heating rate — was essential for accurate results. Pre-drying the carbon samples at 195 °C for 1–4 days minimized moisture interference, and a contact time of 1 h proved sufficient for pore filling. A heating rate of 1 °C min<sup>−1</sup> was found to offer optimal peak resolution and baseline stability in DSC curves. The findings suggest that menthol-based TPM is a reliable alternative to traditional methods, expanding the scope of porosity analysis in carbon materials and enabling the effective characterization of larger pores. This study establishes menthol's potential as a versatile probe in TPM, offering a new approach to the comprehensive characterization of porous structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 113598"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iliana Kyriazidou, Mojtaba Sinaei Nobandegani, Jonas Hedlund, Liang Yu
{"title":"Adsorption of CO2, CH4, N2 and He on MFI, CHA and DDR zeolites","authors":"Iliana Kyriazidou, Mojtaba Sinaei Nobandegani, Jonas Hedlund, Liang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adsorption equilibrium isotherms of the common components of natural gas and biogas, CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, and He were experimentally measured over wide temperature ranges on all-silica MFI, CHA, and DDR zeolite crystals. First, large zeolite crystals, suitable for adsorption measurements, were synthesized and characterized by XRD and SEM. In the next step, gas adsorption data was recorded and the Toth equation was fitted to the measured adsorption data, and the adsorption capacity at saturation (<em>C</em><sub><em>sat</em></sub>), affinity constant (<em>b</em>), and Toth heterogeneity parameter (<em>t</em>) were estimated. Finally, the van't Hoff equation was used to calculate the isosteric enthalpy of adsorption and adsorption entropy for all gases on each zeolite. The results reveal that the Toth equation can accurately predict the adsorption of gases on the studied microporous zeolite crystals in the investigated temperature range. To the best of our knowledge, the saturation adsorption capacity and adsorption enthalpy for helium on CHA and DDR zeolites have been determined experimentally for the first time in the present work. The estimated adsorption parameters presented in this work are accurate, primarily due to the large crystals used for the adsorption measurements and the recording of low-temperature adsorption equilibrium isotherms over broad temperature ranges. These factors are crucial for the reliability of our results, which are invaluable for understanding adsorption and mass transfer in zeolite materials, as well as for advancing the development of zeolite materials for gas separation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 113599"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reyna Ojeda-López , J. Marcos Esparza-Schulz , Isaac J. Pérez-Hermosillo , Enrique Vilarrasa-García , Enrique Rodriguez-Castellón
{"title":"Role of silanol groups and hydrothermal rehydroxylation on the functionalization of SBA-15 with APTES for CO2 capture","authors":"Reyna Ojeda-López , J. Marcos Esparza-Schulz , Isaac J. Pérez-Hermosillo , Enrique Vilarrasa-García , Enrique Rodriguez-Castellón","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To identify the most suitable initial characteristics of an APTES-functionalized SBA-15 material, a series of SBA-15 samples was synthesized. Firstly, to remove the template, two methods were employed: i) water and ethanol washing method, and ii) calcination method where three calcination temperatures were explored (350, 450 and 550 °C), all carried out in a constant air flow. The purpose of avoiding calcination of the material is to prevent the loss of silanol groups, which play a key role in the chemical modification with amino groups. And secondly, a portion of these materials were subjected to a hydrothermal process to improve the amount of surface silanol groups, groups on which APTES molecules are anchored. As a result, eight materials were obtained and subsequently functionalized with APTES. Based on the nitrogen adsorption isotherms, an increase in pore size was observed when the material is rehydroxylated, which demonstrates the formation of silanol groups. Upon functionalization, the average pore size decreased by approximately 1.0 nm, suggesting the formation of new bonds between the surface silanol groups with the ethoxy groups of the APTES molecule. The CO<sub>2</sub> uptake capacity showed promising results for most of the materials, with the uncalcined materials presenting the highest values, 2.52 and 2.32 mmol g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 bar and 25 °C for S15WC-F and S15WC-FR, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 113597"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allen Burton, Trong Pham, Hilda Vroman, Stuart Soled, Eugene Terefenko, Andre Sutrisno
{"title":"Zeolite structure directing agents based upon bulky pyridinium molecules","authors":"Allen Burton, Trong Pham, Hilda Vroman, Stuart Soled, Eugene Terefenko, Andre Sutrisno","doi":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report new zeolite frameworks synthesized with bulky pyridinium molecules as structure directing agents (SDAs). Aluminosilicate zeolite EMM-63 is prepared in potassium-containing hydroxide media with N,2,3,5-tetramethypyridinium or its skeletal isomer N,2,4,6-tetramethylpyridinium. Two new zeolites (EMM-64 and EMM-65) are prepared with 1-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-1-ium. EMM-64 is crystallized in fluoride media with or without aluminum, and EMM-65 is prepared as a borosilicate in hydroxide media. The same SDA molecule can be used to prepare an aluminosilicate with the <strong>RTH</strong> topology, a framework with large cavities and an 8 × 8 channel system. Within each <strong>RTH</strong> cavity, two SDA molecules form a dimer that is not pi-stacked but instead packs with each pyridinium ring interacting with the unsaturated C5 ring of the neighboring molecule. These interactions optimize the van der Waals interactions both within the dimer and between the dimer and the zeolite framework. The diffraction data of EMM-64 are indexed in tetragonal space group <em>I4</em><sub><em>1</em></sub><em>22</em> or <em>I4</em><sub><em>3</em></sub><em>22</em> with unit cell dimensions <em>a</em> = 13.8 Å and <em>c</em> = 18.0 Å, and the unit cell composition is |C<sub>9</sub>NH<sub>12</sub>F<sub>0.9</sub>|<sub>4</sub>Si<sub>64</sub>O<sub>128</sub>. The dense framework structure of EMM-64 possesses a tortuous 3D 8R channel system and is unusual in that the framework is chiral. EMM-64 possesses a 5<sup>12</sup>8<sup>4</sup> cavity with a flat shape like that of the occluded SDA molecule. The fluoride is sited within the 4<sup>2</sup>5<sup>4</sup>6<sup>2</sup> cages of EMM-64.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":392,"journal":{"name":"Microporous and Mesoporous Materials","volume":"390 ","pages":"Article 113575"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}