CarbonPub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120545
Junbeom Maeng , Gwan Hyeon Park , Junhyuk Ji , Daehee Jang , Suresh Pittala , Jungseub Ha , Hansol Bae , Sandya Rani Mangishetti , Won Bae Kim
{"title":"N-doped carbon nanotube-graphene nanoarchitecture electrodes with solid-state biopolymer electrolyte for high performance flexible supercapacitors","authors":"Junbeom Maeng , Gwan Hyeon Park , Junhyuk Ji , Daehee Jang , Suresh Pittala , Jungseub Ha , Hansol Bae , Sandya Rani Mangishetti , Won Bae Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene–carbon nanotube composites often suffer from complex synthesis, low yield, and weak interfacial contact, limiting their electrochemical performance. Similarly, polymer-based solid electrolytes exhibit low ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. To overcome these issues, in this study, a cost-effective, scalable single-step CVD process was developed to interconnect 1D double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) with 2D nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets, achieving a high yield of 95.4 %. The resulting N-DWNTs/graphene hybrid electrode exhibits high conductivity and a specific capacitance of 697.8 F/g at 2 A/g and 589 F/g at 50 A/g. A solid electrolyte was also designed using a 95 % [BMIM][TFSI] ionic liquid incorporated into a methylcellulose–starch biopolymer blend, offering high ionic conductivity, mechanical stability, and broad operating voltage and temperature ranges. The assembled flexible asymmetric supercapacitor, combining N-DWNTs/graphene as the negative electrode and N-DWNTs/graphene/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PANi as the positive electrode, delivers an energy density of 187.8 Wh/kg, a power density of 3.8 kW/kg, and excellent cycling stability (97.4 % after 15,000 cycles). It retains 97.5 % capacitance after 1000 bending cycles and operates effectively from 0 °C to 90 °C. These results demonstrate significant potential for next-generation flexible energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120545"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced growth of ultra-high density carbon nanotube forests via Fe and Al vapor addition in a CVD process","authors":"Sota Goto , Takayuki Nakano , Hisashi Sugime , Yoku Inoue","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon nanotube (CNT) forests suffer from a pronounced density decline as their length increases, primarily due to diminishing catalytic activity during growth. Here, we report a vapor-phase synthesis strategy incorporating Fe and Al additives that yields CNT forests with substantially higher densities than those produced by conventional methods. Notably, a CNT forest with a height of 1.3 mm achieved a mass density of 149 mg/cm<sup>3</sup>, the highest reported for forests exceeding 1 mm in height. This improvement is attributed to the prolonged lifetime of catalyst particles afforded by the synergistic effects of Fe and Al, which effectively suppress density decay during growth. Moreover, we investigated the electrical resistivity of these ultra-high-density CNT forests to elucidate their macroscopic conduction properties. This approach overcomes the intrinsic limitations of density decay and opens new opportunities for integrating CNT forests into advanced device technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120537"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120539
Hongzhe Chen , Tongxi Lin , Zeno Rizqi Ramadhan , Aditya Rawal , Yuta Nishina , Amir Karton , Xiaojun Ren , Rakesh Joshi
{"title":"Organic solvent transport through reduced graphene oxide membranes with controlled oxygen content","authors":"Hongzhe Chen , Tongxi Lin , Zeno Rizqi Ramadhan , Aditya Rawal , Yuta Nishina , Amir Karton , Xiaojun Ren , Rakesh Joshi","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in membranes based on 2-dimensional (2D) materials have enabled precise control over angstrom-scale pores, providing a unique platform for studying diverse mass transport mechanisms. In this work, we systematically investigate the transport of solvent vapors through 2D channels made of graphene oxide (GO) laminates with precisely controlled oxygen content. Using in-situ chemical reduction of GO with vitamin C, we fabricated reduced GO membranes (VRGMs) with oxygen content systematically decreased from 31.6 % (pristine GO) to 24.0 % (VRGM-maximum reduction). Vapor permeability measurements showed a distinct correlation between oxygen functional groups and solvent transport behaviour. Specifically, non-polar hexane exhibits 114 % of enhanced permeance through the reduced membranes with larger graphitic domains, while the permeance of water decreases by 55 %. With the support of density functional theory (DFT) simulations, we modelled the hydrogen-bond and dispersion complexes between the solvents and GO and calculated the complexation energies. The simulation results suggest that polar molecules interact with the oxygen functional groups of GO via a hydrogen-bond network, supporting in-plane transport. In contrast, van der Waals forces drive the transport of low-polarity solvents along the graphitic domains of the 2D channel in reduced GO membranes. Our findings provide potential strategies for future design of organic solvent nanofiltration membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120539"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laser-induced graphene-Embedded electrospun PVDF-ZnO: A synergistic piezo-tribo nanogenerator for efficient energy harvesting","authors":"Divya Chauhan , Arpit Kumar Singh , Sabatini Tyagi , Palani Iyamperumal Anand , Seeram Ramakrishna , Manish Kumar Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents development and performance evaluation of piezo-triboelectric hybrid nanogenerators (PTENGs) based on electrospun PVDF nanofibers modified with laser-induced graphene (LIG) and ZnO nanorods. By integrating piezoelectric and triboelectric mechanisms, the devices demonstrate significantly enhanced energy harvesting efficiency. The incorporation of LIG is expected to facilitate charge transport because of its conductive nature, while ZnO nanorods promotes β-phase crystallization in PVDF and enhances dipole alignment. X-ray diffraction and FTIR analyses confirms peak β-phase content of 84.7 % for PLZ-1.5 composition, while DSC reveals enhanced thermal stability and crystallinity (up to 86.4 %). SEM imaging shows improved fiber morphology, partial alignment, and reduced diameter distribution contributing to superior polarization efficiency. The direct piezoelectric charge coefficient (d<sub>33</sub>) reaches 50 pC/N for PLZ-1.5, indicating enhanced electromechanical coupling. The PLZ-1.5 exhibited highest output voltage (∼200 V) and power density (∼52 mW/cm<sup>3</sup>) that could glow 82 LEDs. Electrical output trends under varying load resistances confirm the critical role of nanofiller optimization in enhancing performance. These findings show importance of controlled nanofiller integration for maximizing efficiency of PTENGs. The optimized hybrid devices show great potential for application in self-powered sensors, wearable electronics, and next-generation portable energy harvesting systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120521"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-06-16DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120533
Mei Yang , Changjie Yang , Guixin Wei , Weihong Tan , Ding-Kun Ji
{"title":"NIR-II emitting fluorine-doped carbon dots with multi-enzyme mimic activities for NIR-II imaging and photothermal-enhanced cancer catalytic immunotherapy","authors":"Mei Yang , Changjie Yang , Guixin Wei , Weihong Tan , Ding-Kun Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Catalytic immunotherapy represents a promising approach to mitigate tumor metastasis and recurrence. The exploration of various advanced catalytic materials is opening new avenues for enhancing this therapy. However, metal-free carbon dot nanozymes with both NIR-II emission and NIR photoactivity are currently rare. Here, we report a metal-free multifunctional nanozyme, F-doped CDs (F-CDs) nanozyme, which exhibits a high NIR-II quantum yield and NIR-I photothermal effect for cancer catalytic immunotherapy. The F-CDs nanozyme demonstrated triplezyme-mimicking catalytic activity, including peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and glucose oxidase (Gox). After modification with PEG, F-CDs@PEG exhibited excellent NIR-II bioimaging <em>in vivo</em>, comparable to FDA-approved dye indocyanine green (ICG). Under NIR laser irradiation, the remarkably enhanced catalytic activity of F-CDs@PEG disrupts the energy metabolism and redox balance of tumor cells, triggering intense tumor immunotherapy and reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Interestingly, we found that F-CDs@PEG can suppress immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and alleviate T-cell exhaustion, leading to enhanced tumor growth inhibition and reduced splenomegaly. Importantly, F-CDs@PEG-mediated photothermal-enhanced catalytic immunotherapy can induce robust immune memory, offering long-term protection against tumor recurrence. Overall, the success of this study offers a feasible strategy for the future design and exploration of NIR-II CD-based nanozymes and metal-free nanocatalysts for catalytic immunotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120533"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-06-16DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120532
Bingyu Tian , Kun Cui , Ping Wen , Rui Dong , Mingjin Fan
{"title":"Reinforcement of tribological performance assisted by in-situ carbon layer from the release, capture and tribo-chemistry of ionic liquid hydrotalcite composite lubricating materials","authors":"Bingyu Tian , Kun Cui , Ping Wen , Rui Dong , Mingjin Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tribofilm is crucial for the improvement of tribological properties, and the modulation of interfacial tribofilm through system construction and component optimization has become an important strategy to obtain excellent lubrication stability. In this work, ionic liquid (IL) functionalized hydrotalcite composites (IL-LDH) were designed and prepared as lubricating additives. The hydrotalcite was successfully exfoliated by ILs, and obtained a thinner and more flexible lamellar morphology structure. Meanwhile, the composite additives significantly improve the friction reduction, anti-wear and load-bearing properties of the basic system. The significantly improved tribological properties by IL-LDH are attributable not only to the formation of in-situ carbon layer contributed by the release and capture of ILs between the composite layers under shear, but also to the friction-induced organic-inorganic doped tribofilm under the coupling of multiple effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120532"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-06-16DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120534
Guoyong Jiang , Yuqi Wan , Jingkun Li , Junjie Qi , Yukihiro Ozaki , Fuwei Pi
{"title":"Intensive oxidase-like activity of carbon dots nanozymes modulated with phosphoric acid for sensing","authors":"Guoyong Jiang , Yuqi Wan , Jingkun Li , Junjie Qi , Yukihiro Ozaki , Fuwei Pi","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Development and modulation of carbon dots based nanozymes (CDNs) with pleasing oxidase-like activities remains a challenging and meaningful endeavor. Herein, aiming at enhanced photocatalytic capabilities of CDNs, a phosphoric acid (H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) synthesis strategy was proposed through series of remarkable CDNs development and elaboration, named as P-CDNs. In this modulated strategy, reagent of H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> not only provides P atoms into the carbon dots’ backbone, generating defects for π-electron; but also functionalizes as interbedded phosphate, providing active electron sites to further promote electron efficacy and oxidase-like activities. The capacity of catalytic TMB was used to exemplify the oxidase-like activities of CDNs, and the results confirmed that the catalytic performance of P-CDNs was 3.25 times than that of the reference CDs. Based on the crackajack oxidase-like activity of P-CDNs, a smartphone remote analysis system was readily constructed to sensitive colorimetric/fluorescence dual mode response to diazotization reaction represented by nitrite. Our synthesis strategy not only provides guidance for the design of highly active CDNs but also offers directions for synthetic chemistry and materials science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120534"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-06-16DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120536
Mengqi Yang , Tongtong Feng , Shuangfeng Ren , Jingyi Chen , Xiaoling Mou , Li Yan , Ronghe Lin , Yunjie Ding
{"title":"Graphene-armored nickel nanoparticles promote stable and selective butadiene hydrogenation","authors":"Mengqi Yang , Tongtong Feng , Shuangfeng Ren , Jingyi Chen , Xiaoling Mou , Li Yan , Ronghe Lin , Yunjie Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A facile pyrolysis strategy utilizing citric acid was employed to fabricate nickel nanoparticles encapsulated by graphene layers (Ni@C) for selective butadiene hydrogenation. Systematic adjustment of calcination temperatures (873–1173 K) enabled control over Ni particle size (12.8–27.5 nm) and carbon encapsulation thickness. Catalysts synthesized at higher temperatures (1073–1173 K) demonstrated much superior performance, achieving 97 % butene selectivity and retaining >98 % initial activity over 100 h at 373 K. In contrast, catalysts carbonized at lower temperatures (873–973 K) displayed rapid deactivation linked to excessive carbon deposition. Kinetic insights indicated that enlarged Ni particles strengthened butadiene adsorption while the relative adsorption strength between butadiene and intermediate product – butenes were increased, thereby suppressing over-hydrogenation to butane. The graphene overlayers not only effectively mitigated Ni oxidation when exposed to air, but also prevent metal agglomeration under hydrogenation conditions, ensuring structural integrity. Comparative evaluations underscored the superiority of well-designed graphene-capped Ni catalysts over traditional systems in balancing selectivity and longevity. This study advances the rational design of encapsulation-engineered catalysts for industrial hydrogenation processes requiring precise product control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120536"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120531
Ruiwen Shu , Xue Yi , Kunlong Yun , Konghu Tian
{"title":"Synthesis of PAN/ZIF-67 derived composite fibers through electrospinning technology with superior Ku-band electromagnetic absorption performance","authors":"Ruiwen Shu , Xue Yi , Kunlong Yun , Konghu Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of 5G technology, electromagnetic pollution has emerged as a critical concern. Composite nanofibers prepared by electrospinning technology have the advantages of low density, high flexibility and easy processing, and are important materials for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. In this work, cubic zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) was uniformly incorporated into carbon nanofibers (CNFs) through electrospinning, and then carbon nanofibers/cobalt (II) oxide/cobalt/nitrogen-doped carbon (CNFs/CoO/Co/NC) composite fibers were prepared by calcination at different temperatures. The magnetic carbon composites derived from cubic ZIF-67 were integrated with CNFs to form bamboo-like composite fibers. The unique microstructure and reasonable selection of calcination temperature provided channels for energy and charge transfer, increasing the multiple scattering of waves within the composite fibers. When the calcination temperature was 800 °C, the CNFs/CoO/Co/NC composite fibers exhibited the minimum reflection loss of −63.71 dB at a matching thickness of 2.56 mm and the broadest effective absorption bandwidth of 7.92 GHz at 3.2 mm and a low filling ratio of 10 wt%. Furthermore, the obtained composite fiber presented the best radar cross section (RCS) reduction performance, reaching the maximum value of −52.37 dB m<sup>2</sup>. Additionally, the potential EMW dissipation mechanism was also revealed. Therefore, this work provided a new strategy for producing CNFs-based composites through electrospinning as broadband and highly efficient EMW absorbers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120531"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-06-14DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120511
Zhen Huang , Lingyun Wan , Jiaqi Tian , Zhenyi Sun , Mudasir Ahmad , Jianfeng Wu , Baoliang Zhang
{"title":"NC@TiO2 microwave-absorber microspheres: control of shell thickness and evaluation of electromagnetic performance","authors":"Zhen Huang , Lingyun Wan , Jiaqi Tian , Zhenyi Sun , Mudasir Ahmad , Jianfeng Wu , Baoliang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The enhancement of microwave-absorbing properties in carbon materials is often constrained by their homogeneous composition and impedance mismatching. This work proposes a strategy to increase the heterogeneous interface and improve the impedance matching by introducing the TiO<sub>2</sub> transition layer on carbon materials. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) microspheres were synthesized via one-step precipitation polymerization as nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) precursors. Subsequently, core-shell structured TiO<sub>2</sub>-coated NC microwave-absorbing agents (NC@TiO<sub>2</sub>) were fabricated through a sequential process involving acidification, directed hydrolysis, and carbonization treatments. The study systematically investigated the effects of varying the feeding ratio of PAN to tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) on the morphology, composition, and microwave-absorbing properties of the resulting materials. When the volume-to-mass ratio of TBT to PAN was 0.125:1, the composite exhibited a minimum reflection loss of −63.8 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.7 GHz at a thickness of 2.5 mm. Adjusting the thickness to 1.8 mm extended the EAB to 6.2 GHz. Our study suggests that semiconducting transition layers have an excellent effect on the microwave absorption performance of carbon materials, and the appropriate thickness can significantly improve the loss capability of the material. This work provides a feasible reference for designing other carbon-based microwave-absorbing materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120511"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}