Carbon最新文献

{"title":"A scalable route to mixed and layered sandwich-structured carbonaceous–anatase TiO2 coatings with bi-functional photocatalytic activity for air pollution remediation and solar water splitting","authors":"Paransa Alimard ,&nbsp;Longren Li ,&nbsp;Stanley Cazaly ,&nbsp;Flurin Eisner ,&nbsp;Brian Tam ,&nbsp;Andreas Kafizas","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study showcases how carbonaceous materials, including graphene (G), fullerene (F), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), can be integrated within titanium dioxide (TiO₂) films as either: (i) mixed or (ii) layered sandwich structures (TiO₂/carbonaceous material/TiO₂) and show bifunctional photocatalytic activity. Our composites are engineered to address both NO_x pollution and water splitting within the same platform. In the mixed composite (TGmix), graphene's high conductivity and electron-accepting ability enhance the photo-oxidation of NO_x, where under UVA light 17.6 % NO and 9.6 % total NO_x removal was seen, which was significantly higher than TiO₂ alone, which showed 6.8 % NO and 1.3 % total NO_x removal. Whereas in the sandwich-layered composite (TGT), the architecture promotes hole accumulation on the surface, favouring water splitting, with incident-photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) reaching 68 % at 1.23 V_RHE (pH = 7) under 250 nm illumination; a factor of ∼2 increase compared to TiO₂ alone. Transient photocurrent (TPC) and diffuse reflectance transient absorption spectroscopy (DR-TAS) were employed operando to probe the kinetics of electron extraction and hole-mediated water oxidation. At 1.23 V_RHE, the TGT sample showed slightly faster electron extract kinetics to T (TGT: t_50 %–0.25 ms and T: t_50 %–0.268 ms), along with a significantly higher long-lived hole carrier population that drove water oxidation, which were found to linearly correlate with the observed photocurrent density.</div><div>Our wholistic study, including in operando investigations, informs the rational design of active carbonaceous composite coatings within anatase TiO₂ that can be grown at scale for applications in NO_x air pollution remediation and solar water splitting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 120939"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micropore-confined ultrafine Pt nanoparticles in hierarchical porous carbon nanofibers for pH-universal oxygen reduction with enhanced stability","authors":"Ziyue Han ,&nbsp;Wei Deng ,&nbsp;Yujie Song ,&nbsp;Hailiang Cao ,&nbsp;Yongqing Shen ,&nbsp;Zhijian Dang ,&nbsp;Zhi Zheng ,&nbsp;Junjie Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C) is the most extensively used electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the electrochemical degradation occurring during operation severely restricts the catalyst's cycling stability, posing a critical obstacle for practical commercialization. Here, we developed a high-performance alternative electrocatalyst consisting of ultrafine Pt nanoparticles embedded in hierarchical porous carbon nanofibers (Pt/PCNF). Importantly, we elucidate a novel micropore confinement effect, demonstrating through DFT calculations that micropores serve as high-surface-area anchoring sites for Pt species, effectively stabilizing them. This unique architecture facilitates ultrahigh Pt dispersion, endowing the catalytic with exceptional stability for pH-universal ORR. Remarkably, the Pt/PCNF catalyst achieves 70 % higher electrochemically active surface area than commercial Pt/C while maintaining 99.4 % of its initial activity after 10,000 durability cycles. Furthermore, when integrated into Zn-air batteries, the catalyst delivers a high open-circuit voltage (1.42 V) and remarkable peak power density (216.73 mW cm⁻²). This work provides fundamental insights into the stabilization mechanisms of Pt-based ORR catalysts through micropore confinement, while demonstrating exceptional performance metrics that meet industrial requirements for fuel cell applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 120950"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controllable dynamic mechanical behavior of graphene under impact through pre-strain/pre-stress: adhesion, rebound, and penetration","authors":"Jun Hu ,&nbsp;Lijun Yi ,&nbsp;Jianxin Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Yonggang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene exhibits distinguished impact resistance and specific energy dissipation, and has enormous application in the field of protective engineering. Herein, based on molecular dynamics simulation and theoretical models, we propose that pre-strain/pre-stress can dynamic control the dynamic mechanical behavior of graphene under the impact. Phase diagrams are presented to illustrate three typical responses: adhesion, rebound, and penetration. These responses rely on the pre-strain direction in the graphene noticeable. Both the critical rebound velocity and the ballistic limit velocity decrease significantly with the increasing pre-strain. The critical rebound velocity of the projectile can be adjusted about 36 % (60 %) under armchair (zigzag) direction tensile pre-strain, which means control the mutual conversion between adhesion and rebound behavior. The ballistic limit velocity of the graphene can be adjusted about 63 % (49 %) under armchair (zigzag) direction pre-strain, which means control the level of difficulty to break/perforate the graphene. The failure modes of graphene can be controlled by the pre-strain direction. In addition, the relations between the residual velocity of projectile and the pre-strain of graphene are revealed with different initial impact velocity of projectile. The specific energy dissipation is unveiled in phase diagrams with the variation of pre-strain in graphene. This work not only opens up frontiers for adjusting the impact behavior, but also provides a key theoretical basis for the optimization design of graphene in impact and protective engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 120951"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-pressure pathways for the formation of amorphous diamond and other tetrahedrally-bonded phases from glassy carbon","authors":"Alan G. Salek ,&nbsp;Qingbo Sun ,&nbsp;Xingshuo Huang ,&nbsp;David R. McKenzie ,&nbsp;Andrew V. Martin ,&nbsp;Nigel A. Marks ,&nbsp;Jodie E. Bradby ,&nbsp;Dougal G. McCulloch","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We show that non-hydrostatic compression of glassy carbon to 145 GPa at room temperature produces cubic, hexagonal and an amorphous form of diamond in the same recovered sample. The amorphous diamond phase exhibits a microstructure comparable to tetrahedral amorphous carbon thin films and to that formed from fullerene samples subjected to high pressure treatment. The crystallinity and preferred orientation of the phases indicate that shear stress is critical in driving the phase transformations from the randomly oriented graphitic glassy carbon precursor. A Gibbs free energy landscape, mapped as a function of density and crystallinity, illustrates proposed transformation pathways from glassy carbon to a common high-density parent phase that forms under compression that then converts to the phases observed, depending on the local stress environment. Modelling demonstrates that the common high-density parent phase has a preferred orientation in its atomic structure which explains the microstructure in many of the recovered daughter phases. Our results demonstrate that non-hydrostatic stress can be used to synthesise desirable diamond-like carbon phases without heating, including amorphous diamond and ultra-fine nanodiamonds with sizes down to 2 nm in diameter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 120952"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2D/2D vertically-oriented mesoporous heterostructure of ultrathin Ni–Fe layered double hydroxides/Mo2CTx MXene for efficient alkaline water splitting","authors":"Yongshuai Xie ,&nbsp;Binfeng Shen ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Chi Zhang ,&nbsp;Quanguo Jiang ,&nbsp;Haiyan He ,&nbsp;Huajie Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of efficient and durable noble metal-free catalysts towards both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is currently at the heart of electrochemical water-splitting technology. Herein, we report the bottom-up spatial construction of 2D/2D vertically-oriented mesoporous heterostructure built from ultrathin Ni–Fe LDHs <em>in situ</em> grown on Mo₂CT_<em>x</em> MXene nanosheets (LDH/Mo₂CT_<em>x</em>) through a controllable solvothermal stereoassembly process. This sophisticated architectural design not only facilitates the full exposure of catalytically active centers with optimized electronic structure, but also guarantees fast diffusion rates of reactants as well as low charge-transfer resistances, thereby giving rise to remarkable synergistic coupling effects. Consequently, the as-prepared LDH/Mo₂CT_<em>x</em> catalyst exhibits superior alkaline HER and OER properties in terms of low overpotentials of 202 and 279 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², small Tafel slopes of 86 and 53 mV dec⁻¹, respectively, and dependable long-term durability with no obvious performance degradation after 5000 cycles, significantly better than those of bare Ni–Fe LDHs and Mo₂CT_<em>x</em> catalysts. Especially, a two-electrode overall water splitting system assembled with the bifunctional LDH/Mo₂CT_<em>x</em> catalyst requires only 1.60 V to achieve 10 mA cm⁻², which is competitive than the commercial Pt/C || RuO₂ combination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 120953"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic effects and ablation thresholds in laser-induced graphene","authors":"Moataz Abdulhafez ,&nbsp;Golnaz N. Tomaraei ,&nbsp;Mostafa Bedewy","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser-induced graphitization of polymers is promising for flexible electronics applications. While the effects of laser power on the structure and properties of the laser-induced graphene (LIG) have been elucidated, the role of kinetic effects is still largely unexplored. We use a unique approach of lasing individual electrodes on a tilted polyimide sheet, which allows scanning a continuum of laser fluence on a single lased line as the degree of beam defocus varies spatially. This approach is ideal for revealing discrete morphological transitions and mapping structural and chemical changes. To reveal how LIG formation is energetically or kinetically controlled, three morphological transitions are revealed: T1, from porous to cellular networks; T2, from cellular networks to wooly fibers; and T3, ablation threshold that occurs only at low speeds (&lt;300 mm/s). This newly identified transition is characterized by a cratered top and hierarchical porosity with improved graphene quality. We demonstrate that wooly fiber formation is highly speed-dependent and that fibers only form at high speeds (&gt;300 mm/s). Moreover, by integrating experimental measurements with thermal modeling, we find that both the cellular-network formation and the ablation transitions are rate-independent, as they occur at the temperatures of polyimide graphitization and ablation of graphitic material, respectively. In contrast, our findings show that the formation of wooly fibers is highly rate dependent, as it occurs at temperature ramp rate of ≈10⁷ °C/s. Hence, our results provide new insights into the kinetics of the physicochemical LIG process, toward tailoring porous graphene for different applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 120941"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystallographic dependence of adhesion energy of chemical vapor deposition–grown monolayer graphene on copper foils","authors":"Yonas Tsegaye Megra ,&nbsp;Soomook Lim ,&nbsp;Ji Won Suk","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a widely used method for synthesizing large-area, high-quality monolayer graphene on metal substrates, particularly Cu. Although graphene transfer and manufacturing inevitably depend on interfacial interactions between graphene and seed Cu, the nature of polycrystalline Cu limits the ability to isolate the intrinsic adhesion characteristics of graphene. In this study, the effect of the crystallographic orientation of seed Cu foils on the adhesion energy of monolayer graphene was investigated through mesoscale mode I fracture tests using a double cantilever beam configuration. In addition to polycrystalline Cu foils, single-crystal Cu(111) and Cu(100) foils were prepared via an abnormal grain growth approach using high-temperature thermal annealing. Monolayer graphene was grown on those Cu foils using low-pressure CVD. Mechanical delamination of graphene from Cu revealed the adhesion energy of graphene to the underlying Cu: single-crystal Cu(111)-grown graphene exhibited a lower adhesion energy of 4.08 ± 0.68 J/m², compared with Cu(100)-grown graphene (6.71 ± 0.86 J/m²). Polycrystalline Cu-grown graphene exhibited the highest adhesion energy (8.08 ± 0.56 J/m²), likely due to increased surface roughness caused by Cu grain boundaries. This study offers critical insights into the fundamental interfacial properties of CVD-grown graphene and highlights the importance of the seed metal selection for reliable, large-scale manufacturing of graphene-based devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 120948"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145340210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep insights into the stealth enhancement mechanism of polyimide composite foams containing embedded heterogeneous structures for low infrared emissivity and broadband radar stealth","authors":"Meixi Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingsong Li ,&nbsp;Xinchi Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingsen Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhimin Ye ,&nbsp;Jinhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhaoxiong Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The multifunctional coupling effect of multi-scale composite materials opens up a highly promising path for the development of radar/infrared compatible stealth materials. However, scale mismatch and limited in-situ characterization techniques make it difficult to obtain a quantitative explanation for the stealth mechanism of multiscale composite systems, which seriously restricts the development of related materials and the further improvement of their performance. In this study, polyimide/carbon black/graphene sheets (PI/CB/GSs) composite foams are successfully prepared, and the stealth enhancement mechanisms of structures and components at different scales are decoupled and revealed by experiments and simulations. The linear, nanoscale distribution of CB nanoparticles within the matrix reduces the heat accumulation from infrared absorption, thereby facilitating infrared stealth. The presence of large-diameter GSs achieves effective thermal management by delaying temperature rise and evenly distributing heat. Electric field reconstruction formed by microwave-induced electronic anisotropy drives excellent microwave attenuation. As a result, the PI/CB/GSs-III foam exhibits a low infrared emissivity of 0.39 in the 8–14 μm wavelength band and a broad effective absorption bandwidth of 15 GHz with a minimum reflection loss of −48.74 dB. This work breaks through the previous qualitative understanding of the stealth mechanism of carbon materials in composite systems and reveals their stealth enhancement mechanism in a semi-quantitative manner, providing key support for quantitative research in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 120949"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D/2D Fe–Co–Co Prussian blue analogues/graphdiyne S-scheme heterojunctions for broad-spectrum photocatalytic H2 evolution","authors":"Xuqiang Hao ,&nbsp;Jiejie Jing ,&nbsp;Yufeng Lin ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Yang ,&nbsp;Zhiliang Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphdiyne (GDY), a unique carbon allotrope, has emerged as an exceptional photocatalytic material characterized by its wide-spectrum response, and high specific surface area and excellent chemical stability. Nevertheless, its photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) efficiency is constrained by poor photogenerated carrier separation. In this work, we construct an innovative S-scheme Fe–Co–Co PBA/GDY heterojunction by coupling Fe–Co–Co Prussian blue analogues (Fe–Co–Co PBA) and amorphous GDY nanosheets for enhanced broad-spectrum photocatalytic hydrogen production (PHE). The amorphous GDY nanosheets and Fe–Co–Co PBA with large specific surface area, can provide abundant active sites for proton adsorption. <em>In situ</em> XPS, ESR test and DFT calculations confirm the S-scheme charge transfer mechanism of the Fe–Co–Co PBA/GDY heterojunction. This unique S-scheme architecture capitalizes on the synergistic effects of interfacial built-in electric field and band bending to facilitate efficient spatial charge separation through selective recombination of electrons in GDY with holes in Fe–Co–Co PBA, while preserving the strongest redox potentials by retaining holes in GDY and electrons in Fe–Co–Co PBA. Consequently, the optimized 25 %Fe–Co–Co PBA/GDY composite exhibits an exceptional hydrogen production rate of 2433.89 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, which was 7.23 and 6.18 times enhancements over pristine Fe–Co–Co PBA and GDY. This work demonstrates the great potential of GDY-based S-scheme photocatalyst for high-performance solar-to-hydrogen conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 120930"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of bifunctional coal graphene–COF hybrids for acidic gas probe and catalytic conversion","authors":"Patima Nizamidin,&nbsp;Reziwanguli abulimiti","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploring a candidate with integrated capabilities of gas sensing– adsorption– conversion was great potential to minimize air pollution and global warming. In this study, a novel coal graphene–covalent organic framework (CG-H₄bptc-COF) with the bifunctionality of gas sensing and catalytic conversion was developed. The CG-H₄bptc-COF was synthesised using coal graphene (CG) as a carrier through a solvothermal reaction between 3,3,5,5-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid (H₄bptc) and 2,4,6-tris (4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TAPT). The obtained CG-H₄bptc-COF show fluorescence characteristics in organic solvents owing to large conjugated π-bonds formed between the H₄bptc and TAPT building blocks cooperation. In an ethanol/dichloromethane mixed solvent, CG-H₄bptc-COF exhibited an extinguishable fluorescence response upon NO₂ (enhanced), H₂S (quenched), and SO₂ (unchanged) injection owing to variations in intramolecular hydrogen bonds and the protonation of the triazine rings. Within the detection ranges from 100 ppb to 100 ppm and from 1 ppb to 100 ppm, CG-H₄bptc-COF exhibited enhanced and quenched fluorescence emission for NO₂ and H₂S, respectively, with RSD_NO2=RSD_H2S = 1.70 %–3.40 %, LOD_NO2 = 4.47 ppm and LOD_H2S = 2.82 ppm. In a static gas adsorption process, higher amounts of NO₂ and H₂S were adsorbed. Moreover, in a benzene/phenol mixed solvent, CG-H₄bptc-COF catalysed the NO₂ into nitro compounds (70 % yield), despite its mass loss during the catalytic conversion process. Therefore, bifunctional CG-H₄bptc-COF operates both a gas sensor and catalyst for optical sensing and air purification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 120916"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}