Carbon最新文献

{"title":"Fe3C/graphitic carbon xerogels as electrocatalysts for green hydrogen production","authors":"Lilian D. Ramírez-Valencia,&nbsp;Esther Bailón-García,&nbsp;Francisco Carrasco-Marín,&nbsp;Agustín F. Pérez-Cadenas","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen production via water electrolysis offers a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) serving as a key step. Enhancing the efficiency of this process requires improving the performance and durability of the electrocatalysts involved in HER. This study addresses the limitations of traditional acidic electrolytes which offer high catalytic activity but poor long-term stability by exploring the use of bicarbonate buffer media in combination with iron carbide (Fe₃C)-based carbon xerogel catalysts. Three distinct hydrothermal synthesis routes were developed to optimize the catalysts morphology and porosity. Among them, the method involving the delayed addition of NH₄OH in a water–ethanol solution (CX-S3) produced the most promising results. This approach yielded a carbon xerogel with high mesoporosity, small, interconnected particles, and a favorable micro–mesoporous structure. These features facilitated improved proton access to the encapsulated Fe₃C active sites, resulting in enhanced electrochemical performance. In 0.1 M KHCO₃ electrolyte, CX-S3 achieved a stable hydrogen output of 7262.4 ppm at −0.77 V vs. RHE during 8 h of continuous operation. While the catalyst demonstrated faster initial kinetics in acidic conditions, its performance deteriorated at higher current densities due to degradation. In contrast, the bicarbonate buffer provided a more stable environment, enabling sustained hydrogen production and preserving catalyst integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 120622"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of carbon nanotube/graphene composite fibers with excellent dynamic mechanical properties","authors":"Ying Zhu ,&nbsp;Shuning Jiang ,&nbsp;Yangyang Liu ,&nbsp;Xueqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Ping Wang ,&nbsp;Zhengqiang Lv ,&nbsp;Dongmei Hu ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the candidates as the basic structural units for manufacturing new high-performance fibers. However, the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) are far lower than those of single CNTs. Herein, a controllable synthesis route of carbon nanotube/graphene composite fibers from CNTFs was developed. Dense and highly oriented graphene/carbon nanotube composite fibers (G/CNTFs) with high strength and energy absorption were prepared by soaking and assisted stretching with graphene/chlorosulfonic acid (G/CSA) dispersion. Graphene with small diameter and high quality can interlock the carbon nanotube (CNT) tube bundle, prevent crack propagation when the fiber breaks, and endow the fiber with high strength (3.05 GPa) and high energy absorption (109.6 MJ m⁻³) at high strain rate. The flexibility of G/CNTFs, coupled with the high strength, energy absorption, and conductivity of graphene bridged CNT bundles (2.14 × 10⁶ S/m), positions it as a promising candidate for smart textiles and impact resistant textile materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 120632"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable thermoelectrics based on water-processable carboxymethyl cellulose and single-walled carbon nanotube composites","authors":"Hyejeong Yeom,&nbsp;Seyoung Kee","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for sustainable energy solutions has accelerated the development of biodegradable thermoelectric (TE) materials for eco-friendly energy-harvesting systems. Herein, we have developed biodegradable TE materials using water-processable carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) composites with p-type and n-type additives that simultaneously enhance TE performance and biodegradability. The incorporation of these additives improved the TE properties of the CMC/SWCNT composite films. This improvement was achieved by efficiently modulating the p-type and n-type doping levels, thereby optimizing overall TE performance. Biodegradation tests using mealworms demonstrated that both p-type and n-type TE films completely degraded within five days, and a strong correlation was observed between the films' Young's modulus and their degradation half-life. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the CMC matrix component was enzymatically degraded by the mealworms, thereby accelerating the breakdown of the TE films. These findings underscore the potential of CMC/SWCNT composites as sustainable organic TE materials, paving the way for their future integration into environmentally low-impact, circular electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 120629"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slippery and wear-resistant shape memory polymers enabled by the reinforcement of double transition metal-based MAX phase (Mo2TiAlC2)","authors":"Shubham Jaiswal ,&nbsp;Jeet Vishwakarma ,&nbsp;Sneh Nema ,&nbsp;Anil Ohlan ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ashiq ,&nbsp;Chetna Dhand ,&nbsp;Neeraj Dwivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While polymeric components have emerged as potential replacements for metal counterparts in various moving mechanical systems, their unstable coefficient of friction and inferior wear resistance remain significant obstacles to their commercialization. MAX phase materials have demonstrated extraordinary potential for numerous applications, with M_n+1AX_n-type MAX phases being studied mainly for tribological applications. Here, we, for the first time, utilize double transition metal carbide M_xM'_yAX_(x₊_y-1)-based MAX phase materials, more specifically, Mo₂TiAlC₂ MAX phase, as the reinforcing agent within the shape memory polyurethane (PU) matrix. PU composites were fabricated via melt blending and injection molding, incorporating varying loadings of Mo₂TiAlC₂. Tribological performance was evaluated using a ball-on-disk tribometer under controlled conditions. The resulting composites demonstrated significant reductions in the coefficient of friction and substantial enhancements in wear resistance compared to pristine PU. Microstructural and spectroscopic analyses were employed to elucidate the underlying friction and wear control mechanisms. Thermomechanical testing further confirmed that the shape memory functionality of PU remained largely unaffected by the addition of filler. This discovery opens a new area of research for controlling the lubricating and wear properties of SMPs using a double transition metal carbide-based MAX phase, which can be extended to other polymeric and metallic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 120635"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidation of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets: Beneficial or harmful to corrosion prevention and wear resistance?","authors":"Ningbo Han ,&nbsp;Yangmin Wu ,&nbsp;Wenjie Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets have showed great potential application in corrosion prevention and wear resistance fields due to their large specific surface area and high mechanical properties. But, a critical challenge for the application of Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets is the susceptibility to oxidation in aqueous condition. Structural changes are bound to have a significant impact on physical and chemical properties, whether it is a positive or negative effect, and opinions vary, even contradictory. This study aims to clarify the influence of the oxidation degree of Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets on their corrosion and wear resistant behaviors. By regulating the oxidation time, three kinds of oxidized nanosheets were obtained, including slight (M-O_15min), moderate (M-O_12h) and severe (M-O_48h) oxidation. Furthermore, Ti₃C₂T_x and the oxidized nanosheets were modified with polydopamine (PDA) to enhance their compatibility with waterborne epoxy (EP). After seven cycles of AHP immersion under 100 MPa, |Z|_0.01Hz of M@P/EP and M-O_48h@P/EP coatings was 2.49 × 10⁸ Ω‧cm² and 7.06 × 10⁷ Ω‧cm², which were five and four orders of magnitude higher than that of M-O_15min@P/EP coating (5.27 × 10³ Ω‧cm²), respectively. Meanwhile, M@P/EP and M-O_48h@P/EP coatings exhibited lower wear rates of 1.51 × 10⁻³ mm³ N⁻¹ m⁻¹ and 1.10 × 10⁻³ mm³ N⁻¹ m⁻¹ compared to M-O_15min@P/EP coating (1.96 × 10⁻³ mm³ N⁻¹ m⁻¹), respectively. Interestingly, with increasing oxidation degree of Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets, the corrosion prevention and wear resistance of Ti₃C₂T_x reinforced coatings firstly decreased then increased. This work systematically reveals how structural changes in Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets affect corrosion prevention and wear resistance, providing valuable guidance for their actual application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 120624"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hollow engineering of carbon-based microspheres: Microstructural modulation for advanced electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Han Ding ,&nbsp;Weikang Song ,&nbsp;Yongzheng Chen ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Chunhua Tian ,&nbsp;Yunchen Du","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic (EM) absorption is becoming a progressive strategy to address the concerns in the fields of EM pollution, information security, and military stealth. In addition to the composition of EM wave absorbing materials (EWAMs), the design of morphology and microstructure has also been evolved into another core topic for optimizing their performance, because it directly affects their impedance matching, loss mechanism, response bandwidth, and environmental adaptability. As one kind of promising candidates, hollow carbon-based microspheres (HCBMs) have been intensively studied in the past decade, not only for their diverse composition, tunable EM characteristics, and profitable hollow cavity, but also for their uniform size and good dispersion, offering a great opportunity for the fabrication of customized structural-functional integrated materials through additive manufacturing. In this review, we introduce some mature and emerging route for HCBMs, including hard template, post-modification, spray drying, self-assembly, and heterogeneous contraction resistance, and highlight the advances of the resultant HCBMs in EM absorption. Moreover, some challenges and prospects are also proposed from the perspective of current research progress, and we hope this review may inspire further development of HCBMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 120621"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of a universal mechanism for acid-modulated surfactant-based chiral separation of carbon nanotubes","authors":"Linhai Li ,&nbsp;Chaojing Shi ,&nbsp;Wenke Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Wei ,&nbsp;Yunliang Li ,&nbsp;Weiya Zhou ,&nbsp;Huaping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The acid modulation technique, which employs acids to facilitate the chiral separation of surfactant-dispersed single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), is recognized as one of the most promising approaches due to its simplicity, high resolution, and efficiency. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms is crucial for the rational optimization and further advancement of this technique. However, these mechanisms remain poorly understood, significantly hindering its advancement. Here, we elucidate the mechanisms by systematically investigating the interactions between acids and various surfactants including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium cholate (SC) and sodium deoxycholate (DOC), as well as between acids and SWCNTs, in conjunction with the selective adsorption of SWCNTs within the gel matrix induced by acid modulation. In single surfactant system of SDS, hydrogen ions from the acid selectively protonate SWCNTs, enhancing the attraction of the anionic surfactant SDS to their surfaces, thereby weakening their selective adsorption onto the gel matrix. In a binary surfactant system comprising bile salt surfactants (SC or DOC) and SDS, the added acids preferentially react with bile salt surfactants to form bile acid surfactants, which modulate the surfactant coating on SWCNT surfaces and drive the separation process by forming compound micelles with SDS. Based on this new understanding, we have advanced gel chromatography to achieve efficient enantiomer-level separation of multiple single-chirality SWCNTs by combining chirality-selective enrichment through acid modulation with subsequent selective desorption using a stepwise elution process. Our research establishes a significant foundation for the development of advanced surfactant-based separation techniques and future applications of SWCNTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 120620"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A perspective on the electromagnetic interference shielding behavior of nickel-coated filamentary carbons","authors":"D.D.L. Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This perspective provides a critical review of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding behavior of nickel-coated filamentary carbons, including carbon fiber (CF), carbon nanofiber (CNF) and carbon nanotube (CNT). The nickel coating decreases the resistivity and provides magnetic character, which enhances shielding through absorption. The absorption loss <em>SE</em>_A dominates over the reflection loss <em>SE</em>_R. The CF can be continuous or discontinuous, whereas CNF and CNT are discontinuous. The continuous CF gives higher shielding effectiveness than discontinuous CF. Even without the nickel coating, continuous CF composites exhibit shielding effectiveness as high as 125 dB (1–2 GHz), which approaches the measurement limit and is higher than that of any discontinuous form of nickel-coated filamentary carbon. Preferred orientation of the discontinuous CF can be achieved by magnetic field application. Continuous CF is amenable to precise orientation control, including planar coil and linear configurations. The planar coil configuration accentuates the positive effect of the nickel coating on the shielding. The CNF and CNT are attractive for their high specific surface area, which enhances shielding because of the skin effect. Among the discontinuous filamentary carbons, nickel-coated CNF gives the highest shielding effectiveness of 87 dB (1–2 GHz). This material contains 94.4 vol% Ni, with diameter 0.4 μm and CNF core diameter 0.1 μm. The highest shielding effectiveness provided by nickel-coated CNT is 69 dB (8 GHz), compared to 50 dB without the coating. The highest shielding effectiveness provided by nickel-coated discontinuous CF is 80 dB (0.03–1.2 GHz).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120604"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triggering n→π∗ electronic transitions by thiazole modified graphitic carbon nitride for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production and Rhodamine B degradation","authors":"Huagen Liang ,&nbsp;Qingyuan Xu ,&nbsp;Ruolin Cheng ,&nbsp;Shengyu Jing ,&nbsp;Fu Chen ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Tsiakaras","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄, GCN) catalyst is widely used in photocatalytic oxygen reduction for hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production and photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. However, its photocatalytic activity is restricted by its narrow light response range and low efficiency of photogenerated charge disjunction and transfer. In this work, thiazole modified g-C₃N₄ is prepared by Schiff-base condensation reaction of benzothiazole-2-carboxaldehyde (2-BTCA) and CN. It was found that grafting thiazole structures onto the conjugated polymer effectively alter the original symmetrical structure of carbon nitride, thereby triggering n→π∗ electronic transitions, intensifying light absorption capability, and increasing the charge carrier migration rate. Benefiting from these advantages, the H₂O₂ yield catalyzed by thiazole modified g-C₃N₄ (SCN-5) reaches up to 513.2 μmol L⁻¹ within 90 min, which is about 2.2 times that of pure g-C₃N₄. Because of this, thiazole ring modified g-C₃N₄ can be efficiently degrade dye pollutants, for instance remove within 60 min up to 96.0 % of Rhodamine B (RhB), which is remarkably greater than that obtained with pure g-C₃N₄ (66.2 %). Both density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results demonstrate that the introduction of thiazole rings improves adsorption capacity for O₂ and RhB molecules. This facilitates the production of •O₂⁻ and enhances the activation and degradation of RhB molecules, thereby boosting photocatalytic performance. This research provides an effective new strategy for improving oxygen activation and offers a straightforward method for practical application of bifunctional photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 120603"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on the arylation of carbon nanomaterials: fabrication, characterization, and applications in energy storage and conversion devices","authors":"Yue Xu ,&nbsp;Qi Li ,&nbsp;Mi Zhang ,&nbsp;Maria-Magdalena Titirici ,&nbsp;Christopher R. Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arylation of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) involves the covalent functionalization of carbon materials with arenes and has emerged over recent decades as a prominent strategy for tailoring CNMs for diverse purposes. Arylation of CNMs constructs robust C–C <em>sp</em>^<em>3</em> bonds between exogenous aromatic molecules and carbon nanomaterials, enhancing chemical stability, solubility, electronic properties, and material compatibility. Moreover, aromatic precursors with different functional groups can be synthesized to deliver bespoke functionalized carbon substrates for designated purposes, further broadening applications in energy storage and conversion. This review summarizes the most commonly adopted strategies for the arylation of CNMs, including the use of aryl diazonium salts, diaryl iodonium salts, various cycloaddition methods exploiting arynes, 1,3-dipoles, nitrenes, and bromo mannonates. The development of each approach has been systematically reviewed, in addition to highlighting the advanced characterization techniques employed for these functionalized CNMs and their applications in energy systems. Furthermore, potential challenges and future perspectives in the arylation of CNMs are discussed, emphasizing the need for continued research in this evolving field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120602"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}