CarbonPub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120244
Jie Huang, Liuying Wang, Gu Liu, Weichao Wang, Chaoqun Ge, Haoke Yang, Xinyuan Jing, Bin Wang
{"title":"Regulating heterogeneous charge distribution/magnetic resonance via ligand constraints for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Jie Huang, Liuying Wang, Gu Liu, Weichao Wang, Chaoqun Ge, Haoke Yang, Xinyuan Jing, Bin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of radar detection systems, the issue of electromagnetic wave stealth has become increasingly prominent. This paper presents a fabrication strategy for a composite material composed of CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> quantum dots in situ loaded onto CNTs through a multi-ligand combined thermal carbon shock, aiming to optimize multiple loss mechanisms for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption. The CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> quantum dots serve as loss centers, enhancing the heterogeneous charge distribution and the synergistic effects of magnetic resonance and magnetic exchange due to their supercritical size. Concurrently, the CNTs construct an efficient conductive network, providing a pathway for the free electrons within the CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> crystals and enhancing conductive loss. The composite achieves an effective bandwidth of 8.02 GHz and a maximum absorption of −52.7 dB at a filling ratio of only 25 %, nearly covering the X and Ku bands. Furthermore, computer simulation techniques indicate that this coating exhibits excellent radar stealth performance on the F-22 Raptor fighter jet, presenting potential for the development and application of a new type of lightweight stealth coating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120244"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120241
Yuting Lin , Xuan Zhou , Yirong Wang , Jianhua Hou , Dongmei Wang , Guoxiu Tong , Yu Cao
{"title":"Progress of MOFs composites in the field of microwave absorption","authors":"Yuting Lin , Xuan Zhou , Yirong Wang , Jianhua Hou , Dongmei Wang , Guoxiu Tong , Yu Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the widespread application of microwave technology in communication, remote sensing, and the military, the potential risks of electromagnetic radiation to human health have raised significant concerns. As a result, the development of efficient microwave-absorbing materials (MAMs) has become a key research focus. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as ideal candidates for MAMs due to their high porosity, large specific surface area, and tunable structures. Moreover, MOF-derived MAMs typically exhibit excellent conductivity and magnetism, while the abundant defects and interfaces further enhance their microwave absorption performance. This article briefly explores the impact of electromagnetic waves on the environment, electronic devices, and human health, with a particular emphasis on the microwave absorption mechanisms of MOF-based MAMs. It also reviews the latest research progress on MOF-derived MAMs and concludes with a discussion on the future opportunities and challenges in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120241"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120221
Michelle E. Wolf , Walker M. Vickery , Wyatt Swift-Ramirez , Anne M. Arnold , Jason D. Orlando , Stephen J. Schmidt , Yaxuan Liu , Jasmin Er , Robert Schusterbauer , Rameez Ahmed , Philip Nickl , Jörg Radnik , Ievgen Donskyi , Stefanie A. Sydlik
{"title":"The Mitsunobu reaction for the gentle covalent attachment of biomolecules to graphene oxide","authors":"Michelle E. Wolf , Walker M. Vickery , Wyatt Swift-Ramirez , Anne M. Arnold , Jason D. Orlando , Stephen J. Schmidt , Yaxuan Liu , Jasmin Er , Robert Schusterbauer , Rameez Ahmed , Philip Nickl , Jörg Radnik , Ievgen Donskyi , Stefanie A. Sydlik","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a promising biomaterial as it is easily and cheaply synthesized, strong, cytocompatible, osteoinductive, and has a well-characterized aqueous degradation pathway. It is also a great substrate for functionalization with biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, and small molecules that can enhance or add bioactivity. Covalent chemical linkages as opposed to typical noncovalent association methods are preferable so that the biomolecules do not quickly diffuse away or face replacement by other proteins, which is critical in long time scale applications like bone regeneration. However, covalent chemistry tends to carry a drawback of harsh reaction conditions that can damage the structure, conformation, and therefore function of a delicate biomolecule like a protein. Here, the Mitsunobu reaction is introduced as a novel method of covalently attaching proteins to graphene oxide. It features gentle reaction conditions and has the added benefit of utilizing the plentiful basal plane alcohol functionalities on graphene oxide, allowing for high yield protein functionalization. The amino acid Glycine (G), the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the small molecule SVAK-12 are utilized to create the three Mitsunobu Graphene (MG) materials G-MG, BSA-MG, and SVAK-MG that demonstrate the wide applicability of this functionalization method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120221"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120233
Jinkun Liu , Yuelei Pan , Liyuan Yu , Zhenguo Gao , Siyuan Zhang , Di Lan , Zirui Jia , Guanglei Wu
{"title":"MoS2-based composites for microwave absorption mechanism-oriented structural optimization and design perspectives","authors":"Jinkun Liu , Yuelei Pan , Liyuan Yu , Zhenguo Gao , Siyuan Zhang , Di Lan , Zirui Jia , Guanglei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic wave absorbing (EMA) materials can effectively address the electromagnetic pollution problem associated with the widespread use of wireless communications. Among them, the two-dimensional transition metal sulfide MoS2 has good microwave absorption potential due to its large area and good conductivity. However, pure MoS2 has a relatively homogeneous loss mechanism, limited impedance matching, and limited ability to absorb electromagnetic waves. A tried-and-true method for enhancing MoS<sub>2</sub>'s microwave absorption capabilities is to combine it with other lossy materials. This study reviews the best component designs for MoS<sub>2</sub>-based EMA materials and presents the main mechanisms of EMA. Additionally, in an effort to offer some direction and insights for the design and production of more effective MoS<sub>2</sub>-based EMA materials, this study addresses the possibilities and obstacles that MoS<sub>2</sub> EMA materials may face in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120233"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120236
Zhaozhao Yang , Pengyang Li , Xiaoli Li , Guoqing Chen , Haohao Ren , Bo Wang , Ruiyuan Zhang , Hang Guo , Yang Zhang
{"title":"Macroscopic tribological properties and molecular simulation study of carbon quantum dots modified by ionic liquids","authors":"Zhaozhao Yang , Pengyang Li , Xiaoli Li , Guoqing Chen , Haohao Ren , Bo Wang , Ruiyuan Zhang , Hang Guo , Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using amino acid ionic liquids (Ser–TEA) as surface modifiers and citric acid (CA) the carbon source, ionised carbon quantum dots (Ser–CA/CQDs) of uniform size were successfully prepared in this study. They exhibited excellent dispersion stability and tribological performance in an ethylene glycol aqueous solution (EGaq), as revealed using a one-step pyrolysis method. Macroscopic experimental results show that adding 2.0 wt % Ser–CA/CQDs reduces the friction coefficient of EGaq from 0.16 to 0.128, and the wear scar volume decreases by 51.97 %, which is attributed to the formation of a hydration layer and tribofilm. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations at the microscopic level revealed that the weak interaction energy between Ser–CA/CQDs and the friction pair surface, combined with the \"ball-bearing effect\", significantly reduced frictional resistance. Further, the lubrication performance of EGaq improved with the formation of a carbon film and an interface with low shear strength. This process offers a novel atomic-level perspective for understanding and optimising the applications of nanolubricant additives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120236"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120239
Jens Dreschmann, Alessandro Vetere, Wolfgang Schrader
{"title":"Structural details of small non-IPR fullerenes: Experimental and theoretical insights","authors":"Jens Dreschmann, Alessandro Vetere, Wolfgang Schrader","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The investigation of non-IPR (isolated pentagon rule) fullerenes is limited to theoretical studies since there is simply no or very little sample available that allows investigating these compounds. The discovery of fullerenes in crude oil provided a suitable sample system. The information that might be gathered about these non-IPR fullerenes can be useful for developing synthetic routes and study their properties for potential future applications. Investigations using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) were conducted to understand the stability of these fullerenes. The experimental results are supported by density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations. The outcome of HRMS and DFT provided results on relative quantity, stability and basic mechanistic fragmentation information. The results showed that non-IPR fullerenes were present in higher abundances than the most stable C<sub>60</sub>-<em>buckminsterfullerene</em>. The investigation of C<sub>30</sub> to C<sub>44</sub> indicates C<sub>32</sub> and C<sub>36</sub> to be the most stable congeners, which is in accordance with the existing theory. The mechanism of fragmentation is, in general, marked by the loss of C<sub>2</sub> and a subsequent Stone-Wales-transformation into an energetically more stable isomer. The fragmentation behavior differs with size as the smaller fullerenes disintegrate easier instead of losing C<sub>2</sub>-units. This study shows that crude oil makes up a very useful sample system for the investigation of non-IPR fullerenes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120239"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120242
Ivan S. Sokolov, Dmitry V. Averyanov, Oleg E. Parfenov, Alexander N. Taldenkov, Oleg A. Kondratev, Andrey M. Tokmachev, Vyacheslav G. Storchak
{"title":"Proximity coupling of graphene to a 2D silicene magnet","authors":"Ivan S. Sokolov, Dmitry V. Averyanov, Oleg E. Parfenov, Alexander N. Taldenkov, Oleg A. Kondratev, Andrey M. Tokmachev, Vyacheslav G. Storchak","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>2D magnets attract significant attention due to the variety and tunability of their properties, prospects in ultra-compact spintronics. Their range of applications can be expanded significantly by coupling with nonmagnetic 2D layers to produce functional heterostructures. In these endeavors, graphene plays the central role – the emerging magnetic proximity effects drive applications in spin-based devices. However, development of graphene heterostructures with 2D <em>f</em>-magnets, notable for unconventional magnetic structures and properties, lags behind. Here, we report synthesis of the trilayer heterostructure GdSi<sub>2</sub>/Gr/GdSi<sub>2</sub> with magnetism stemming from half-filled 4<em>f</em>-shells of Gd ions. Remarkably, the graphene interlayer results in doubling the magnetic transition temperature of the silicene-based 2D magnet GdSi<sub>2</sub>. Caused by proximity to the 2D magnet, the electron transport in graphene demonstrates negative magnetoresistance and the anomalous Hall effect, pointing at spin polarization of carriers. Magnetic signals and proximity effects in GdSi<sub>2</sub>/Gr/GdSi<sub>2</sub> are much stronger than those in graphene heterostructures with rare-earth metal superlattices whereas the effective mass of carriers is kept rather low suggesting that the advantageous properties of graphene are preserved. The GdSi<sub>2</sub>/Gr/GdSi<sub>2</sub> system is integrated with the ubiquitous Si semiconductor platform. The developed synthetic approach provides a route to a class of magnetic heterostructures coupled with technological semiconductors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120242"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120234
Safayet Ahmed , Linli Xu , Md Nahian Al Subri Ivan , Mude Zhu , Yingying Qin , Mingzi Sun , Shuvra Saha , Yaseen Shafayet , Bolong Huang , Wai-Yeung Wong , Yuen Hong Tsang
{"title":"D-π-A-structured two-dimensional mercury(II)-acetylide frameworks for near-infrared switchable nonlinear optics and ultrafast photonics","authors":"Safayet Ahmed , Linli Xu , Md Nahian Al Subri Ivan , Mude Zhu , Yingying Qin , Mingzi Sun , Shuvra Saha , Yaseen Shafayet , Bolong Huang , Wai-Yeung Wong , Yuen Hong Tsang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional (2D) metal-acetylide frameworks (M-AFs), a novel class of 2D materials, demonstrate significant potential in optics and photonics due to their tunable optical and electrical properties, which is achieved through the incorporation of polarizability and spin-orbit coupling of single-metal centers into the graphdiyne (novel allotrope of carbon) frameworks <em>via</em> metal-bis(acetylide) linkages (−C≡C−M−C≡C−). Here, 2D mercury(II)-acetylide framework nanosheets (Hg–H<sub>2</sub>TPP) were prepared using liquid-phase exfoliation from their bulk counterparts. The incorporation of heavy Hg<sup>II</sup> ions led to modifications in the electronic band structure, as evidenced by room-temperature photoluminescence and absorption spectra, indicating potential applications in the near-infrared (NIR) range. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the 2D nanosheets were evaluated by measuring the nonlinear absorption coefficients (β). These coefficients ranged from −10.5 cm GW<sup>−1</sup> (saturable absorption SA) to 10.9 cm GW<sup>−1</sup> (reverse saturable absorption, RSA), demonstrating the nanosheets' potential as both saturable absorbers (SABs) and optical limiters. The observation that NIR-NLO properties were achieved only after the incorporation of Hg<sup>II</sup> ions underscores the importance of material engineering in M-AF systems. To further assess the potential applications of this engineered material, Hg–H<sub>2</sub>TPP-based SABs were developed for NIR photonic devices. By utilizing these SABs, stable Q-switched and mode-locked lasers at 1560 nm were generated, yielding pulse widths (repetition rates) of 3.56 μs (38.33 kHz) and 779 fs (7.69 MHz), respectively. The identification of these novel photonic properties and applications indicates that 2D M-AFs possess significant potential for future ultrafast nonlinear optoelectronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120234"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120240
Hao Gu , Qin Lei , Yuezhuan Liu , Weiheng Chen , Zhong-Jie Jiang , Xiaoping Chen , Jialong Wu , Jinrui Ye , Zhongqing Jiang
{"title":"Stress-induced volume expansion suppression in silicon films on carbon nanotubes grown on carbon fibers for ultrahigh-stability flexible lithium-ion battery anodes","authors":"Hao Gu , Qin Lei , Yuezhuan Liu , Weiheng Chen , Zhong-Jie Jiang , Xiaoping Chen , Jialong Wu , Jinrui Ye , Zhongqing Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, a flexible, binder-free carbon-fiber cloth supported silicon@nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (Si@NCNT/CC) anode is developed using chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) and radio-frequency plasma magnetron sputtering (RF-PMS) techniques. The three-dimensional conductive network skeleton of NCNT/CC meticulously designed by the CVD method not only facilitates the release of volumetric stress of Si during cycling but also improves the overall electronic conductivity of the composite anode. Combined with the single-atom Si deposition via RF-PMS technology, it enables the precise design of amorphous Si films that fit the dimensions of the NCNT skeleton. This design notably boosts lithium-ion diffusion and accelerates reaction kinetics, while simultaneously demonstrating superb mechanical flexibility. When employed as an anode in flexible lithium-ion batteries (FLIBs), it demonstrates a discharge capacity of 1166.1 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.5 A g<sup>−1</sup>, retaining 82.4 % of its capacity after 200 cycles. Even at 5 A g<sup>−1</sup>, it still achieves a discharge capacity of 338.1 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and maintains 81 % capacity after 500 cycles. The full cells are assembled with Si@NCNT/CC as the anode, while the cathodes are made of LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and LiFePO<sub>4</sub> coated on CC, respectively, both exhibiting excellent cycling and rate performance. Practical pouch cell tests confirm the anode's flexibility and stable electrochemical performance under mechanical deformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120240"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120230
Javier A. Ramirez B. , Dmitry V. Krasnikov , Hassaan A. Butt , Veronika A. Dmitrieva , Svetlana I. Serebrennikova , Oleg R. Trepalin , Aliya R. Vildanova , Vladislav A. Kondrashov , Anastasia E. Goldt , Dmitry V. Dzhurinskiy , Julia A. Baimova , Rajath Alexander , Amit Kaushal , Kinshuk Dasgupta , Omid Akhavan , Albert G. Nasibulin
{"title":"Ethylene-induced welding of single-walled carbon nanotube films to enhance mechanical and optoelectronic properties","authors":"Javier A. Ramirez B. , Dmitry V. Krasnikov , Hassaan A. Butt , Veronika A. Dmitrieva , Svetlana I. Serebrennikova , Oleg R. Trepalin , Aliya R. Vildanova , Vladislav A. Kondrashov , Anastasia E. Goldt , Dmitry V. Dzhurinskiy , Julia A. Baimova , Rajath Alexander , Amit Kaushal , Kinshuk Dasgupta , Omid Akhavan , Albert G. Nasibulin","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) free-standing films combine high electrical conductivity with exceptional mechanical stability and optical transparency, opening the road for various applications: bolometers, thermophones, filters, <em>etc</em>. Here, we improve the performance of SWCNT free-standing films by engineering the intersections between the nanotube bundles –the building blocks forming and defining the conductivity and mechanical performance of the material. Hence, we propose a new, rapid, and scalable technology for the tailorable treatment of SWCNT free-standing films with ethylene (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) under resistive heating. The technology comprises the high-temperature Joule heating of SWCNT free-standing films (700–1200 °C) combined with an exposure to ethylene flow at a pressure below 0.3 mPa, with an energy consumption as low as <em>ca.</em> 10 W/cm<sup>2</sup>. Using a set of methods (UV–vis–NIR and Raman spectroscopies, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, four-probe sheet resistance, temperature coefficient of resistance, and combined ultimate tensile strength/gauge factor measurements) combined with molecular dynamics simulations, we observe the film welding, <em>i.e.</em>, the deposition of sp<sup>2</sup> carbon coating presumably on nanotube bundle junctions. We show the welded free-standing films to enhance the performance of the filters and transparent electrodes (after doping with HAuCl<sub>4</sub>), strengthening the material up to an order of magnitude (ultimate tensile strength ∼ 22 MPa) and reaching one of the state-of-the-art performance values of 30 Ohm/sq at a transmittance of 90 % at 550 nm (electrical conductivity ∼ 30,000 S/cm).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 120230"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}