CarbonPub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120350
N.N. Ovsyuk , S.V. Goryainov , P.V. Avramov
{"title":"Direct spectroscopic evidence of increased stiffness in a series of similarly sized nanopolycrystalline diamond-lonsdaleite grains in Popigai impact diamonds","authors":"N.N. Ovsyuk , S.V. Goryainov , P.V. Avramov","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extreme vibrational properties of unique Popigai impact diamonds were studied using second-order micro-Raman scattering with ultraviolet excitation, allowing the study of the phonon density of states over the entire Brillouin zone. Nanopolycrystalline samples with an average size of 200 μm, representing a composite of cubic diamond and hexagonal lonsdaleite phases, were separated and processed from complex graphite-diamond mixed morphology samples collected from the Popigai Astrobleme, formed by an asteroid impact 35 million years ago in northeastern Russia. It was found that the optical edge phonons of the Brillouin zone, which are the main contributors to the second-order Raman spectra, are very sensitive to the local microscopic environment and the presence of the hexagonal phase. The frequency shift of the Raman spectral maximum at 2450 cm-<sup>1</sup>, corresponding to the phonon density of states of the longitudinal optical modes, was analyzed in a series of nearly uniformly sized nanopolycrystalline grains (∼100 nm) as a function of lonsdaleite content. An anomalous steady increase in the spectral maximum frequency was observed up to ∼25 % hexagonal phase content, which directly indicates an increase in the stiffness of the carbon-carbon bond and thus an increase in the stiffness of the two-phase lattice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 120350"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120347
Eleni D. Salonikidou , Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis , Jovana Prekodravac , Spyros Kiartzis , Evanthia Nanaki , Mariusz Barczak , Kyriakos Fotiadis , Penelope Baltzopoulou , Georgios Karagiannakis , Teresa J. Bandosz , Konstantinos S. Triantafyllidis
{"title":"Secondary waste to highly efficient nanoporous carbon: The role of acidic minerals in diesel fuel desulfurization","authors":"Eleni D. Salonikidou , Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis , Jovana Prekodravac , Spyros Kiartzis , Evanthia Nanaki , Mariusz Barczak , Kyriakos Fotiadis , Penelope Baltzopoulou , Georgios Karagiannakis , Teresa J. Bandosz , Konstantinos S. Triantafyllidis","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adsorptive desulfurization of liquid fuels with cost-effective adsorbents, like waste-derived carbons, has been extensively researched. In this work a (bio)char from gasification of waste mixed biomass was chemically treated with H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> and pyrolyzed at 600 °C. The obtained nanoporous carbon (CERAF) was used for the deep adsorptive desulfurization of model diesel fuels, at ambient conditions. CERAF had a specific surface area of 795 m<sup>2</sup>/g with a micro- and meso-pore structure, and rich surface chemistry. Desulfurization efficiency reached 74 % (5.2 ppmwS of treated solution) starting with low initial concentration of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT, 20 ppmwS) in hexadecane and relatively low amount of carbon (2.5 g/L). Two commercial nanoporous carbons exhibited lower desulfurization efficiencies than CERAF, despite their higher surface area and pore volumes. CERAF also showed the highest efficiency for complex model fuel (mimicking real diesel), containing 4,6-DMDBT and high concentrations of mono- and di-aromatics. Detailed physicochemical characterization suggested that the chemical composition of the adsorbent, especially the presence of silicates provide weak acidic sites promoting specific interactions with DMDBT, enhancing the desulfurization efficiency. In addition, the inorganic matter might play an important role in the carbonization and/or activation of the biochar to the nanoporous carbon CERAF. Overall, the main novelty of this work is in the utilization of a secondary char/waste of mixed biomass to produce nanoporous carbon and in highlighting the effect of specific mineral matter on adsorptive desulfurization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 120347"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interfacially assembled MXene (Ti3C2Tx)/Si Schottky junction tailored for high-performance self-powered white light detection in smart indoor networks","authors":"Hariprasad Vadakke Neelamana, Sarpangala Venkataprasad Bhat","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MXenes are a new class of 2D materials with alluring attributes for electronic applications. However, their integration into 3D semiconductor devices faces challenges like fabrication complexity and poor interfacial quality. This study presents a Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene/n-Si van der Waals Schottky junction-based self-powered white light photodetector with a simple solution-based assembly of MXene on a pre-patterned n-Si substrate. An atomic layer-deposited Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> dielectric film is used at the interface as an electron-blocking layer to reduce the charge recombination. Additionally, a novel chemical modification approach using InCl<sub>3</sub> is presented, producing a highly conducting MXene film with an increased work function (∼0.4 eV). As a result, the photodetector achieves a responsivity of 134 mA W<sup>−1</sup>, which is 13 times higher than that of the pristine MXene/Si device, and a specific detectivity of 1.38 × 10<sup>12</sup> Jones, with stable performance across low-high light intensities. The device works with self-powered mode under white light with an impressive open-circuit voltage of 400 mV. Further, the device is integrated as a self-powered optical receiver in a wireless communication system, enabling rapid indoor data transmission. The potential of surface chemistry and interfacial engineering in enhancing the performance of MXene-based devices is evidenced, opening the avenues for its use in next-generation electronic technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 120339"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120328
Qi Gan , Jiajun Zhang , Yan Cao , Shuang Xu , Peng He , Huiquan Li , Renlong Liu , Liguo Wang
{"title":"Interfacial synergy between atomically dispersed Co and encapsulated Co nanoparticles on carbon-based catalyst for efficient hydrogenation of nitroaromatics","authors":"Qi Gan , Jiajun Zhang , Yan Cao , Shuang Xu , Peng He , Huiquan Li , Renlong Liu , Liguo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-noble metal-based catalysts are highly desired for the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroaromatics. Here we reported a catalyst of Co<sub>1</sub>/Co<sub>n</sub>@NCNS prepared with raw materials for efficient hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (NB), in which the Co nanoparticle (Co<sub>NP</sub>) was tightly coated in a nitrogen-doped graphite carbon shell, and the Co single atom (Co<sub>SA</sub>) was uniformly anchored on graphite support. The catalyst achieved a conversion of NB for over 99 % under mild conditions at 50 °C and 10 bar. The catalyst was able to consistently maintain over 90 % conversion and 99 % selectivity for 100 h, and exhibited outstanding catalytic activity and selectivity (>99 %) towards the reduction of various nitroaromatics, even though for halogen-containing substrates. The superior catalytic performance resulted from the synergy between the internal Co <sub>NP</sub> and the surface Co<sub>SA</sub> on the nitrogen-doped carbon shells. Both Co<sub>NP</sub> and Co<sub>SA</sub> synergistically facilitated electron transfer to nitrogen atoms in the carbon framework, and rendered them catalytic activity during the hydrogenation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 120328"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of tunable nitrogen-doped graphite nanostructures by electrochemical CO2 conversion for directly as anode materials","authors":"Chenbo Gao , Chao Gao , Buming Chen , Hanwen Cui , Hui Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, nitrogen-doped nano-graphite with granular, flake and linear structures was in-situ prepared by one-step molten salt electrolysis process through electrochemical conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> in LiCl–KCl–KOH at 650 °C with C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>N<sub>6</sub> as N source. The mechanism and reaction process of nitrogen doped into nano-graphite during the formation process of nano-graphite was systemically investigated. In addition, nitrogen doping formed a well-developed micro/mesoporous carbon network and played an important role in facilitating the adsorption of Li<sup>+</sup> ions, leading to the excellent electrochemical performance of the prepared carbon materials, which was demonstrated in the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Such as, the reversible capacity of the N-doped nano-graphite material is 628 mAh/g at a current density of 100 mA/g, with high capacity retention of 96 % after 500 cycles at 500 mA/g. This study highlights the potential of molten salt electrolysis as an effective method for CO<sub>2</sub> conversion into high-performance carbon materials, providing promising applications in electrochemical energy storage technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 120321"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120340
Trong Danh Nguyen , Long Toan Trinh , My Thi Ngoc Nguyen , Il Tae Kim , Jun Seop Lee
{"title":"Fabrication of multiscale porous carbon nanofibers via phase separation of copolymer-based blends for high-performance sodium-ion battery anodes","authors":"Trong Danh Nguyen , Long Toan Trinh , My Thi Ngoc Nguyen , Il Tae Kim , Jun Seop Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiscale porous carbon materials, which possess both microporous and mesoporous structures, are highly promising as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. These structures effectively enhance sodium ion storage and diffusion, leading to improved battery performance. However, the mass production and commercialization of conventional multiscale porous carbon materials are hindered by complex manufacturing processes and challenges in precise pore structure control. In this study, we introduce a straightforward method for the synthesis of multiscale porous carbon nanofibers via electrospinning and carbonization of a polymer solution comprising polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) block copolymer and polystyrene (PS). The resulting carbon nanofibers were utilized as anode materials in sodium-ion batteries and exhibited a high specific capacity of 409.1 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 0.1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. Moreover, these fibers displayed outstanding rate capability, maintaining 45 % of their initial capacity even at an elevated current density of 5 A g<sup>−1</sup>. The capacity decay rate was impressively low at only 25.2 % after 1000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g<sup>−1</sup>, confirming their outstanding stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 120340"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modulation of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity in palladium catalyst through surface functionalization of carbon support","authors":"Zaynab Atyf, Mouhieddinne Guergueb, Quentin Lenne, Jalal Ghilane","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the use of interface engineering to develop efficient and stable electrocatalysts for electrochemical hydrogen production. The process involves the electrochemical immobilization of an ionic organic layer containing heteroatoms on a carbon support, which is subsequently used for metal electrodeposition. Specifically, the amino derivative, 2-(<em>N</em>-(3-aminophenyl)-<em>N</em>-methylsulfamoyl)ethylsulfate potassium, was grafted onto a carbon electrode by the electrochemical reduction of an in situ generated diazonium compound. Electrochemical and surface analyses confirmed the successful immobilization of an ionic layer containing nitrogen and sulfur. The generated surfaces were then used to host an electrochemically deposited palladium catalyst. The hybrid electrocatalyst exhibited significant HER activity and stability, with only 60 mV overpotential required to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, and 400 mV to reach 1 A cm<sup>−2</sup>. This work presents a promising approach for the design of hybrid HER electrocatalysts through judicious surface functionalization of carbon supports.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 120348"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120329
Sieun Jeon , Heeyeon An , Yongjin Chung
{"title":"Rapid and green microwave-assisted synthesis of hydroxyl-rich mesoporous carbon for high-performance supercapacitors","authors":"Sieun Jeon , Heeyeon An , Yongjin Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mesoporous and hydroxyl group-abundant carbon (MPHAC) was synthesized via a rapid, energy-efficient microwave-assisted process utilizing phytic acid as a precursor. The synthesis process comprised two short sub-microwave irradiation steps: (1) the formation of phosphorus (P)-doped and oxygen (O)-abundant graphitic carbon (POGC) for 3 min and (2) surface treatment of POGCs using rapid thermal treatment with an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution for 5 min. The microwave-assisted post-treatment process generated 2–3 nm dominant mesopores and abundant hydroxyl groups without destruction of main pore structure of POGC, resulting in a higher surface area (1667.97 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>), enhanced hydrophilicity, and stronger interaction with potassium ions. Benefitting from the unique microstructure, the supercapacitor using MHAPC exhibited 31.2 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> of energy density of 250 W kg<sup>−1</sup> of power density, and maintained superior performance under extreme high power density conditions (20.8 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at 25 kW kg<sup>−1</sup>). The capacitance retention of 98.9 % after 10,000 cycles highlights its outstanding stability. The combined benefits of MPHAC showcases the potential of MPHAC as a high-performance, eco-friendly electrode material for next-generation energy storage devices, providing a scalable and sustainable pathway for supercapacitor development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 120329"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-04-15DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120330
Xinyan Huang , Qingchen Bai , Jian Jiang , Fengyu Qu , Huiming Lin
{"title":"C3N4 nanosheet: sonopiezoelectric effect to boost NO therapy","authors":"Xinyan Huang , Qingchen Bai , Jian Jiang , Fengyu Qu , Huiming Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With various physiological effects, nitric oxide (NO) holds significant promise in anticancer. Because their functions are concentration-dependent, the controllable NO supplement and high release capacity are vital to realize the multifaceted capabilities. Here, C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheet was prepared as new NO donor, revealing the specific release profile to tumor microenvironment (TME, weak acidity and high expressed H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). The NO release is initiated with the protonation of N (high electronegativity) and the subsequent oxidation of active -NH<sub>x</sub> species. Unlike the organic NO donors, inorganic C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheets don't need extra carriers, which is associated with high N atom ratio to grant the great release capacity. Furthermore, the as-synthesized C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheet exhibits piezoelectric feature, enabling reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation under ultrasound (US) treatment for sonopiezoelectric therapy (SPT). The sufficient ROS allows for the amplification of NO release triggered by US. The intracellular NO bubbles also enhance the contrast for ultrasonic imaging, guarantying real-time monitoring of the therapeutic effect. Additionally, NO can capture ROS <em>in situ</em> to generate peroxynitrite anion (·ONOO<sup>−</sup>) with stronger oxidability to damage mitochondria and DNA seriously. Without US, C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheet still can produce the moderate amount of NO triggered by TME to downregulate immune checkpoints (PD-L1), normalize vascular, and relieve hypoxia, all of which contributes to the overall anticancer efficacy. The synergic therapy (NO + SPT) also could enhance immunogenic cell death (ICD), thereby stimulating anticancer immune response for the inhibition of metastasis and recurrence, efficiently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 120330"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CarbonPub Date : 2025-04-15DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120325
Yuhang Cheng , Xia Liu , Junwen Ren , Xianzhen Xu , Di Lan , Guangrong Wu , Siyuan Zhang , Zhenguo Gao , Zirui Jia , Guanglei Wu
{"title":"Component-based modulation engineering to improve magnetoelectric coupling for self-anticorrosion broadband absorption","authors":"Yuhang Cheng , Xia Liu , Junwen Ren , Xianzhen Xu , Di Lan , Guangrong Wu , Siyuan Zhang , Zhenguo Gao , Zirui Jia , Guanglei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the face of the variability of electromagnetic pollution, developing electromagnetic wave (EW) absorbing materials with self-protective properties and high absorption capacity remains a challenging task. This mainly depends on the structural design of the material and the selection of components. In this study, cubic NiCoFe-PBA was embedded into the fiber by electrospinning technology, and NiCoFe@CNFs composite material was prepared by using carbon reducibility during subsequent high temperature process. Due to the inherent high electrical conductivity and structural design of carbon fiber. The interwoven conductive networks of high density greatly facilitate electron transport. This improves the dielectric loss performance. In addition, impedance matching is optimized by controlling component-generated interfacial polarization. As a result, the composite obtain excellent self-anticorrosion and EW absorption performance. At matching thickness of 2.3 mm, the minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) of NiCoFe@CNFs is −74.6 dB. Its maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB<sub>max</sub>) is 7.68 GHz and corresponding thickness is 2.7 mm. In addition, the calculation of radar cross section (RCS) shows that the prepared NiCoFe@CNFs has great potential in the practical application of military stealth protection technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 120325"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}