Carbon最新文献

{"title":"Electrostatic self-assembly of hierarchical MXene-NiO nanowire aerogels: Multi-mechanism synergy for high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Lijuan Cai,&nbsp;Shengxiang Xiong,&nbsp;Jun Chen,&nbsp;Yu Su,&nbsp;Jiyuan Cong,&nbsp;Gang Chen,&nbsp;Chengjun Dong,&nbsp;Hongtao Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the burgeoning challenge of electromagnetic wave pollution, the development of high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing materials with strong attenuation capability is urgently needed. In this study, a MXene/NiO nanowire hybrid aerogel was constructed via electrostatic self-assembly, leveraging a multi-mechanism synergistic loss strategy to significantly enhance the electromagnetic absorbing performance. The three-dimensional conductive network of the material optimizes impedance matching, facilitating electromagnetic wave penetration into the interior for multiple reflections and scattering, thereby reducing surface reflection. Simultaneously, the highly conductive MXene contributes to substantial conduction loss, while abundant defects (graphitic defects, oxygen-containing groups) and heterogeneous interfaces (MXene-NiO) induce notable dipole and interfacial polarization losses. Furthermore, the nano-heterostructure formed between NiO nanowires and MXene enhances interfacial polarization through charge accumulation at the interfaces. Benefiting from these synergistic loss mechanisms, the optimized aerogel exhibits exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss (<em>RL</em>_min) of −53 dB at a thickness of 1.6 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4 GHz. Our findings propose an innovative materials design doctrine enabling precise multi-scale regulation of electromagnetic wave absorption in aerogels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121287"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene oxide nanosheet trehalose-assisted lyophilization with enhanced stability and facile aqueous reconstitution for biopharmaceutical use","authors":"Gloria Garcia-Ortega ,&nbsp;Neus Lozano ,&nbsp;Kostas Kostarelos","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a nanomaterial of considerable interest owing to its unique physicochemical properties, including excellent water dispersibility, ease of functionalization, and favorable biocompatibility and safety profile. These features position GO as a promising and tunable platform for a wide range of technological and biomedical applications. Accordingly, as GO-based systems continue to advance toward real-world applications, considerations around long-term storage and stability are gaining relevance. Lyophilization is a widely adopted strategy to preserve the structural and functional integrity of nanomaterials to be reconstituted on demand, yet GO suspensions exhibited poor stability upon reconstitution following lyophilization. We present a simple and effective method using trehalose (T) as a lyoprotectant to stabilize GO during lyophilization. The resulting dried GO + T formulations exhibit improved reconstitution behavior at physiological pH, and characterization confirms the preservation of the nanosheet structural integrity. More specifically, such approach can enable the long-term storage of GO, facilitating its further development as a biopharmaceutical agent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121254"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into low-temperature oxidation of carbon fibers: Influence of hydrogen defects and crystallite size","authors":"Z.E. Brubaker,&nbsp;D.H. Moseley,&nbsp;J. Neu,&nbsp;L. Kearney,&nbsp;A.J. Miskowiec,&nbsp;J.L. Niedziela","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although oxidation mechanisms have been exhaustively studied for graphite, similar analyses of carbon fibers are comparatively sparse. Most prior work has focused on quantifying weight loss or assessing protective surface coatings designed to slow oxidation. The use of optical spectroscopic techniques for oxidation analyses is comparatively unexplored, but such techniques could provide an early indicator of fiber oxidation that would undermine carbon fiber performance. In this work, we applied Raman spectroscopy to study oxidation-induced spectral alterations in 16 carbon fiber types from 7 manufacturers oxidized at 300 °C for 72 h, 400 °C for 8 h, and 500 °C for 1 h. We connect these results with structural properties of the carbon fibers obtained through wide-angle X-ray scattering, identifying a linear dependence between the reactivity of carbon fibers and the crystallite size of the unperturbed fibers. We then demonstrate that substituted hydrogen defects are likely removed from the fiber surface during oxidation and use the relative defect concentration to predict the Raman spectral change as a function of temperature and time, assuming Arrhenius behavior.<span><span>¹</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121310"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced thermally and electrically conductive modified carbon paper based on MPCFs and PAN-CFs hybrid skeleton decorated with GNPs for fuel cells","authors":"Haoran Wu ,&nbsp;Zikang Yu ,&nbsp;Lijie Liu ,&nbsp;Jiawei Xu ,&nbsp;Hongchuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiaru Fan ,&nbsp;Yingying Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Gong ,&nbsp;Lei Zhao ,&nbsp;Huatao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the primary gas diffusion layer (GDL) substrate in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), carbon paper must provide mechanical support, efficient thermal and electrical conduction, and effective mass transport. However, conventional carbon paper often exhibits limited mechanical strength and inadequate electrical and thermal conductivities, which restricts overall cell performance, ultimately making modification essential. Herein, we fabricated a modified carbon paper consisting of an interwoven skeleton of mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers (MPCFs) and polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers (PAN-CFs), with graphite nanoplates (GNPs) anchored onto the fiber surfaces. The hybrid carbon felt was prepared by rapid filtration, in which MPCFs bridged adjacent PAN-CFs or penetrated vertically into interlayer voids, establishing additional pathways that enhanced both electrical and thermal conduction. GNPs were subsequently introduced through impregnation with a GNP dispersion, adhering to both fiber types and forming nanoscale protrusions. These protrusions increased fiber surface roughness, strengthened the fiber/resin carbon interface, and improved the mechanical properties of the carbon paper. Moreover, GNPs filled interstitial voids within the skeleton, forming finer branched networks that further augmented electrical and thermal conductivity. When loaded with 24 g/m² of MPCFs and impregnated with a 2 wt% GNP dispersion, the modified carbon paper exhibited a flexural strength of 22.91 MPa and a tensile strength of 25.99 MPa, representing increases of 67 % and 89 %, respectively, over the unmodified material. The in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivities reached 37.09 W/(m·K) and 8.83 W/(m·K), respectively, while the in-plane electrical resistivity was reduced to 3.74 mΩ cm. These values signify a notable improvement compared to the unmodified carbon paper, which exhibited an in-plane thermal conductivity of 12.20 W/(m·K), through-plane thermal conductivity of 0.04 W/(m·K), and in-plane electrical resistivity of 8.80 mΩ cm. In fuel cell tests, the modified carbon paper achieved a peak power density of 1.33 W/cm², outperforming the unmodified reference by 125 %. This work demonstrates a synergistic modification strategy using MPCFs and GNPs to simultaneously enhance the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of carbon paper. The proposed approach offers a promising pathway toward developing high-performance GDLs for advanced PEMFC applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121266"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic energy dissipation in Bouligand-structured carbon nanotube films under micro-ballistic impact","authors":"Zechen Du ,&nbsp;Qiuyun Yin ,&nbsp;Kailu Xiao ,&nbsp;Chenguang Huang ,&nbsp;Xianqian Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro- and nano-structures significantly influence the macroscopic energy absorption capacity of materials. Inspired by the Bouligand structure, we demonstrate that carbon nanotube films (CNTFs) with graded switching-ply angles (SPAs) enable tunable impact energy absorption through hierarchical deformation pathways. By combining a two-dimensional ballistic impact model with coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we systematically uncover the pivotal role of SPA in governing the energy absorption capacity and the intrinsic dissipation mechanism of the SPA CNTFs (SCNTFs) at various impact velocities. Under high-velocity impact (2 km/s), the projectile fully perforates the SCNTFs. The uppermost layer undergoes localized failure, the remaining interlayer CNTs are stretched, and the CNTs in the bottom layer slide away from the penetration center, forming multilevel stress-transfer networks that significantly enhance energy absorption efficiency. Besides the uppermost layer, moderately increasing the total SPA (TSPA) of the remaining layers and positioning the larger SPA configurations closer to the top can effectively enhance the energy absorption capacity of SCNTFs. When the impact velocity decreases to 0.5 km/s, no perforation of the film is observed, and the projectile rebounds. The friction between CNTs is the dominated energy dissipation mechanism. Under this condition, the energy dissipated by SCNTFs decreases as TSPA increases. Furthermore, simulations at an intermediate velocity (1.0 km/s) reveal a structure-dependent bifurcation, exhibiting characteristics of both regimes (perforation or rebound) and effectively bridging the high- and low-velocity behaviors. These findings illuminate the influence of SPA on laminated thin films and provide a micro- and nano-scale design strategy for impact energy dissipation under different impact velocities via gradient helicoidal structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121277"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatially varying wettability and resistivity in laser-induced graphene for flexible microfluidics, programmable heaters, and thermochromic displays","authors":"Mirza Sahaluddin ,&nbsp;Moataz Abdulhafez ,&nbsp;Soumalya Ghosh ,&nbsp;Mostafa Bedewy","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible microfluidic systems and patterned heaters are critical for applications ranging from point-of-care diagnostics and wearable thermotherapy to de-icing and thermochromic displays, yet most existing platforms rely on multi-step fabrication, metal integration, or external addressing electronics. Here, we present a purely laser-based, single-process strategy to spatially program wettability and resistivity in laser-induced graphene (LIG) on polyimide. By combining controlled beam defocus with multiple laser passes, we define adjacent single-pass (R1) and double-pass (R2) LIG regions with similar porous morphologies and Raman signatures, yet markedly different surface and electrical properties. Specifically, R1 exhibits near-complete wetting (contact angle &lt;7°), while R2 is comparatively more hydrophobic, and the sheet resistance is reduced to 12 Ω/□ in R2. The contrast is tuned via the raster gap between laser scan lines, with an optimal gap of 356 μm maximizing property differences without compromising continuity. This spatial contrast enables pump-free capillary-driven microfluidic transport, including vertical flow against gravity, as well as programmable electrothermal behavior, with temperature differences exceeding 50 °C between R1 and R2 under a single bias voltage. A three-dimensional finite element model incorporating volumetric Joule heating and convective–radiative losses accurately reproduces the measured infrared temperature distributions. Finally, integration of commercial thermochromic pigments yields a flexible thermochromic display in which discrete pixels are addressed solely by the underlying LIG resistivity pattern, without additional electrodes or control circuitry. This work establishes a scalable, maskless route to all-carbon, self-reporting flexible devices that integrate fluidic, thermal, and visual functionality through spatially programmed laser processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121304"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Cardiac-like functionalization\" porous magnetic MXene/carbon dots films via constructing bidirectional electromagnetic wave attenuation paths for high-performance microwave absorption","authors":"Haowei Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiao Li ,&nbsp;Zilin Huang ,&nbsp;Zhongming Liu ,&nbsp;Man Li ,&nbsp;Jieyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Zhaochen Xi ,&nbsp;Moustafa Adel Darwish ,&nbsp;Tao Zhou ,&nbsp;Di Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To meet the demand for miniaturisation in electronic devices, the development of absorptive films with adjustable thickness and uniform structure enables direct integration into microelectronic components, thereby addressing electromagnetic interference issues within constrained volumes. To address the limitation of single electromagnetic wave transmission pathways in few-layer MXene films. Three-dimensional interconnect films were fabricated using in situ NH₃ etching technology. The self-stacking phenomenon of MXene was suppressed by pre-deposited carbon dots (CDs), thereby exposing more active sites and enhancing the horizontal attenuation path for electromagnetic waves. During the annealing process, the decomposition of certain CDs releases NH₃ gas, which in situ etches MXene nanosheets. This forms large in-plane pores within the film, thereby constructing vertical electromagnetic wave transmission channels. Moreover, Fe₃O₄ nanospheres optimise impedance matching whilst incorporating a magnetic loss mechanism. Ultimately, the MXene/CDs/Fe₃O₄ (MCFs) film not only achieves a minimum reflection loss (RL_mᵢ_n) value of −51.05 dB at 13.2 GHz but also attains a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB_max) value of 4.96 GHz, significantly outperforming pure MXene films. CST simulations indicate that at 13.2 GHz, the radar cross section (RCS) of the PEC plate covered with MCFs decreases by 24.91 dB m² under perpendicular incidence across an incidence angle range of −60° to +60°. This study offers novel insights into developing high-performance MXene-based absorber films by constructing bidirectional electromagnetic wave transmission pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121298"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser-induced pitch-derived carbon with highly conductive graphite domains for high-performance lithium/potassium storage","authors":"Longfei Du ,&nbsp;Xin Gu ,&nbsp;Yapeng Li ,&nbsp;Mengdi Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingbo Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly conductive porous carbon materials are promising candidates for next-generation potassium- and lithium-ion storage. However, conventional templating approaches often impose an inherent trade-off between electrical conductivity and porous architecture, ultimately limiting capacity and rate performance. In this work, we propose a laser-induced pitch-derived carbon (LIPC) strategy that enables the in situ formation of localized graphitic domains within a three-dimensional porous carbon framework. This design ensures continuous electron transport pathways while preserving accessible ion diffusion channels. The optimized LIPC-8 delivers a high potassium-ion storage capacity of 370.7 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ and retains 90.8 % of its capacity after 1600 cycles at 1 A g⁻¹. As a lithium-ion battery anode, LIPC-8 maintains a reversible capacity of 801.7 mAh g⁻¹ after 1000 cycles at 0.372 A g⁻¹. In situ Raman spectroscopy confirms a two-step “adsorption–intercalation” storage mechanism in LIPC-8. To further validate its practical applicability, a potassium-ion hybrid capacitor (PIHC) was assembled using LIPC-8 as the anode and commercial activated carbon as the cathode, achieving a maximum energy density of 125.5 Wh kg⁻¹ at 205 W kg⁻¹ and excellent cycling stability over 10,000 cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121303"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the synergy of molecular active site and semi-carbonized matrix support for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide synthesis via water splitting","authors":"Yunfan Wang ,&nbsp;Fan Liao ,&nbsp;Huimin Xiang ,&nbsp;Tianyu Shi ,&nbsp;Jiaxuan Wang ,&nbsp;Zenan Li ,&nbsp;Hui Huang ,&nbsp;Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenhui Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon-based metal-free catalysts have attracted considerable research interest owing to their earth-abundant reserves, environmental compatibility, and exceptional stability under harsh acidic and alkaline conditions. However, these catalysts often suffer from complex structures, unclear active sites, and a poor understanding of the interaction between the active site and the support, which hinder the advancement of carbon-based catalysts. In this study, we designed and synthesized a carbon-based composite catalyst (designated DG5), which is constructed with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as molecular active sites and glucose-derived semi-carbonized matrix as carrier. The DG5 exhibits efficient photocatalytic activity for water splitting to synthesize hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) with the production rate of 1087.6 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ without sacrificial agents, under visible light, surpassing most reported metal-free photocatalysts. The semi-carbonized structure in the DG5 prolongs the lifetime of photo-charges and enhances oxygen adsorption capacity under illumination. A physical model has been established to analyze the robust synergy between the semi-carbonized carrier and the molecular active site. By precisely integrating carbon substrate engineering with molecular active sites, this study provides a new paradigm for the development of efficient and stable molecular-carbon hybrid photocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121272"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithium-ion–enhanced graphene oxide synaptic devices for reservoir-computing–based autonomous driving","authors":"Gongjie Liu,&nbsp;Zichao Wang,&nbsp;Yuefeng Gu,&nbsp;Xuehui Dong,&nbsp;Xiaolin Xiang,&nbsp;Lisi Wei,&nbsp;Qiuhong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The importance of autonomous driving in modern transportation is steadily increasing, placing stricter demands on real-time decision-making efficiency. However, current systems rely on a memory–compute-separated (von Neumann) architecture, which introduces substantial decision latency and inevitably increases the overall computational load. Here we propose a lithium-ion-enhanced, graphene-oxide-based synaptic device for constructing a single-device reservoir computing system. Li⁺ incorporation induces reversible conversion between Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO), endowing the device with resistive-switching characteristics. The device exhibits a SET voltage of only 0.5 V, with a narrowly distributed switching threshold. Importantly, multiple short-term synaptic features (EPSC, PPF, STDP) and long-term plasticity (LTP/LTD) were demonstrated. The device supports sixteen distinguishable states (4-bit) and exhibits weight-update linearities of 0.20 and −0.22. Leveraging these properties, we implemented the reservoir and readout layers, forming an all-GO reservoir computing system. We directly applied the system to noise-robust handwritten-digit recognition and autonomous driving, and ported it to a general-purpose processor for hardware emulation. The system maintained a digit-recognition accuracy of 92.2 % even at a noise level of 40 % and achieved 98.33 % correct decisions in noise-perturbed autonomous-driving traffic scenarios; both results were experimentally validated. This work paves the way for deploying single-device type neuromorphic reservoir-computing systems in autonomous driving.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121276"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}