Carbon最新文献

{"title":"Green superlubrication achieved on diamond-like carbon film by S-carboxymethyl-l-cysteine molecules","authors":"Jinyan Chen ,&nbsp;Shuang Yi ,&nbsp;Shaowen Dong ,&nbsp;Jinjin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, environmentally friendly lubrication technologies have become a popular topic of research. Conventional oil-based lubricants and additives are particularly harmful to the environment due to their low biodegradability and the generation of polluting compounds during the friction process. In this work, the green amino acid molecule S-carboxymethyl-<span>l</span>-cysteine (SCLC) was introduced into ethylene glycol as an additive to achieve a rapid superlubrication state (μ = 0.002) within 30 s on steel/diamond-like carbon (DLC) friction pairs. The addition of SCLC (0.06 wt%) also reduced the wear rate by more than 30 %. Characterization tests and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the amino and thioether groups in SCLC facilitated its rapid adsorption onto the surface of friction pairs, forming a protective film. This film could form hydrogen bonds with ethylene glycol and water molecules in the lubricant, resulting in a tribofilm with low shear strength that rapidly reduced the friction coefficient and enabled superlubrication. This work presents a strategy for designing green lubrication additives to achieve rapid superlubrication on DLC films, thereby significantly enhancing the potential of DLC film for industrial lubrication applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120560"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are carbon dots cluster-triggered luminogens? How through-space interaction arrangement influence the optical properties of carbon dots","authors":"Verónica Torregrosa-Rivero ,&nbsp;María Rosell ,&nbsp;Jorge Iván Castro Castro ,&nbsp;Felipe de la Cruz-Martínez ,&nbsp;José A. Castro-Osma ,&nbsp;Agustín Lara-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Santi Nonell ,&nbsp;Javier García-Martínez ,&nbsp;Roger Bresolí-Obach ,&nbsp;Elena Serrano ,&nbsp;Cristina Martín","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of non-conventional luminescent materials without conjugated chromophores, known as cluster-triggered emission materials (CLgens), has attracted considerable attention as an environmentally benign and biocompatible alternative to conventional fluorophores. A major challenge in developing these materials is the limited understanding of the mechanisms that govern the formation and fate of their excitons, in particular the interaction of the clusters with each other and their surroundings. In this regard, this study aims to gain insight into this mechanism by unravelling the optical properties of the cluster through an innovative approach where a non-traditional luminescent polymer is converted into carbonized polymer dots (CPDs), allowing tuning of electronic interactions and cluster stiffening. The formation of this type of CPDs leads to an increase in through-space interactions (TSI) when compared to the polymer precursor, driven by stronger spatial interactions enabled by the reduced distances and constraints inherent in the formation of the CPDs. Even more striking were the small differences in spectral features between the precursors and CPDs. The typical spectroscopic features associated with TSI, such as the different excitation and absorption spectra, dependence of the emission spectra on the excitation wavelength, and blue-shift emission in small clusters, were also observed. These observations can only lead to the conclusion that TSI is the most plausible mechanism for the luminescence of these CPDs. This represents a significant breakthrough in understanding the relationship between CLgens and the derived CPDs. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of considering the properties of the precursor in order to avoid misconceptions about the luminescence of these materials, and to adjust their properties accordingly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120540"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-doped carbon nanotube-graphene nanoarchitecture electrodes with solid-state biopolymer electrolyte for high performance flexible supercapacitors","authors":"Junbeom Maeng ,&nbsp;Gwan Hyeon Park ,&nbsp;Junhyuk Ji ,&nbsp;Daehee Jang ,&nbsp;Suresh Pittala ,&nbsp;Jungseub Ha ,&nbsp;Hansol Bae ,&nbsp;Sandya Rani Mangishetti ,&nbsp;Won Bae Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene–carbon nanotube composites often suffer from complex synthesis, low yield, and weak interfacial contact, limiting their electrochemical performance. Similarly, polymer-based solid electrolytes exhibit low ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. To overcome these issues, in this study, a cost-effective, scalable single-step CVD process was developed to interconnect 1D double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) with 2D nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets, achieving a high yield of 95.4 %. The resulting N-DWNTs/graphene hybrid electrode exhibits high conductivity and a specific capacitance of 697.8 F/g at 2 A/g and 589 F/g at 50 A/g. A solid electrolyte was also designed using a 95 % [BMIM][TFSI] ionic liquid incorporated into a methylcellulose–starch biopolymer blend, offering high ionic conductivity, mechanical stability, and broad operating voltage and temperature ranges. The assembled flexible asymmetric supercapacitor, combining N-DWNTs/graphene as the negative electrode and N-DWNTs/graphene/Fe₃O₄@PANi as the positive electrode, delivers an energy density of 187.8 Wh/kg, a power density of 3.8 kW/kg, and excellent cycling stability (97.4 % after 15,000 cycles). It retains 97.5 % capacitance after 1000 bending cycles and operates effectively from 0 °C to 90 °C. These results demonstrate significant potential for next-generation flexible energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120545"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced growth of ultra-high density carbon nanotube forests via Fe and Al vapor addition in a CVD process","authors":"Sota Goto ,&nbsp;Takayuki Nakano ,&nbsp;Hisashi Sugime ,&nbsp;Yoku Inoue","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon nanotube (CNT) forests suffer from a pronounced density decline as their length increases, primarily due to diminishing catalytic activity during growth. Here, we report a vapor-phase synthesis strategy incorporating Fe and Al additives that yields CNT forests with substantially higher densities than those produced by conventional methods. Notably, a CNT forest with a height of 1.3 mm achieved a mass density of 149 mg/cm³, the highest reported for forests exceeding 1 mm in height. This improvement is attributed to the prolonged lifetime of catalyst particles afforded by the synergistic effects of Fe and Al, which effectively suppress density decay during growth. Moreover, we investigated the electrical resistivity of these ultra-high-density CNT forests to elucidate their macroscopic conduction properties. This approach overcomes the intrinsic limitations of density decay and opens new opportunities for integrating CNT forests into advanced device technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120537"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term study of physicochemical stability, microbial contamination, and endotoxin levels in UVC-photoreactor sterilized graphene-based materials","authors":"Licínia Timochenco ,&nbsp;Pedro D. Fernandes ,&nbsp;Sara Ribeirinho-Soares ,&nbsp;Filipa A.L.S. Silva ,&nbsp;Bruno Freitas ,&nbsp;Olga C. Nunes ,&nbsp;Maria José Oliveira ,&nbsp;Fernão D. Magalhães ,&nbsp;Artur M. Pinto","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stability of UVC-Photoreactor sterilized nanographene oxide (GOn) and partially reduced nanographene oxide (<em>p</em>-rGOn) was evaluated over a 12-month (M) period, when stored at room temperature (RT), 4 °C, and −20 °C. The photoreactor used, was for the first time reported for GBM sterilization. GOn and <em>p</em>-rGOn dispersions stored at 4 °C and −20 °C remained sterile throughout the 12 M. In contrast, dispersions of both materials stored at RT showed bacterial, fungal, and endotoxin contamination after 12 M. GOn water dispersions remained visually stable for 12 M in all storage conditions. However, the water stability of <em>p</em>-rGOn kept at RT was visually decreased after 8 M, when stored at 4 °C it decreased after 12 M, while at −20 °C no changes were observed. Importantly, materials stored at −20 °C could be defrosted and redispersed using bath ultrasonication (30 min), keeping their original properties and sterility. Both materials maintained consistent lateral dimensions (100–130 nm) and stable physicochemical characteristics across all storage conditions for the entire duration. This study presents, for the first time a systematic 12 M evaluation of sterile GBM stability, offering valuable insights into long-term storage strategies relevant for commercialization, transportation, and sterility assurance in biomedical-grade applications and other sensitive uses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120538"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic solvent transport through reduced graphene oxide membranes with controlled oxygen content","authors":"Hongzhe Chen ,&nbsp;Tongxi Lin ,&nbsp;Zeno Rizqi Ramadhan ,&nbsp;Aditya Rawal ,&nbsp;Yuta Nishina ,&nbsp;Amir Karton ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Ren ,&nbsp;Rakesh Joshi","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in membranes based on 2-dimensional (2D) materials have enabled precise control over angstrom-scale pores, providing a unique platform for studying diverse mass transport mechanisms. In this work, we systematically investigate the transport of solvent vapors through 2D channels made of graphene oxide (GO) laminates with precisely controlled oxygen content. Using in-situ chemical reduction of GO with vitamin C, we fabricated reduced GO membranes (VRGMs) with oxygen content systematically decreased from 31.6 % (pristine GO) to 24.0 % (VRGM-maximum reduction). Vapor permeability measurements showed a distinct correlation between oxygen functional groups and solvent transport behaviour. Specifically, non-polar hexane exhibits 114 % of enhanced permeance through the reduced membranes with larger graphitic domains, while the permeance of water decreases by 55 %. With the support of density functional theory (DFT) simulations, we modelled the hydrogen-bond and dispersion complexes between the solvents and GO and calculated the complexation energies. The simulation results suggest that polar molecules interact with the oxygen functional groups of GO via a hydrogen-bond network, supporting in-plane transport. In contrast, van der Waals forces drive the transport of low-polarity solvents along the graphitic domains of the 2D channel in reduced GO membranes. Our findings provide potential strategies for future design of organic solvent nanofiltration membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120539"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser-induced graphene-Embedded electrospun PVDF-ZnO: A synergistic piezo-tribo nanogenerator for efficient energy harvesting","authors":"Divya Chauhan ,&nbsp;Arpit Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Sabatini Tyagi ,&nbsp;Palani Iyamperumal Anand ,&nbsp;Seeram Ramakrishna ,&nbsp;Manish Kumar Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents development and performance evaluation of piezo-triboelectric hybrid nanogenerators (PTENGs) based on electrospun PVDF nanofibers modified with laser-induced graphene (LIG) and ZnO nanorods. By integrating piezoelectric and triboelectric mechanisms, the devices demonstrate significantly enhanced energy harvesting efficiency. The incorporation of LIG is expected to facilitate charge transport because of its conductive nature, while ZnO nanorods promotes β-phase crystallization in PVDF and enhances dipole alignment. X-ray diffraction and FTIR analyses confirms peak β-phase content of 84.7 % for PLZ-1.5 composition, while DSC reveals enhanced thermal stability and crystallinity (up to 86.4 %). SEM imaging shows improved fiber morphology, partial alignment, and reduced diameter distribution contributing to superior polarization efficiency. The direct piezoelectric charge coefficient (d₃₃) reaches 50 pC/N for PLZ-1.5, indicating enhanced electromechanical coupling. The PLZ-1.5 exhibited highest output voltage (∼200 V) and power density (∼52 mW/cm³) that could glow 82 LEDs. Electrical output trends under varying load resistances confirm the critical role of nanofiller optimization in enhancing performance. These findings show importance of controlled nanofiller integration for maximizing efficiency of PTENGs. The optimized hybrid devices show great potential for application in self-powered sensors, wearable electronics, and next-generation portable energy harvesting systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120521"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NIR-II emitting fluorine-doped carbon dots with multi-enzyme mimic activities for NIR-II imaging and photothermal-enhanced cancer catalytic immunotherapy","authors":"Mei Yang ,&nbsp;Changjie Yang ,&nbsp;Guixin Wei ,&nbsp;Weihong Tan ,&nbsp;Ding-Kun Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Catalytic immunotherapy represents a promising approach to mitigate tumor metastasis and recurrence. The exploration of various advanced catalytic materials is opening new avenues for enhancing this therapy. However, metal-free carbon dot nanozymes with both NIR-II emission and NIR photoactivity are currently rare. Here, we report a metal-free multifunctional nanozyme, F-doped CDs (F-CDs) nanozyme, which exhibits a high NIR-II quantum yield and NIR-I photothermal effect for cancer catalytic immunotherapy. The F-CDs nanozyme demonstrated triplezyme-mimicking catalytic activity, including peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and glucose oxidase (Gox). After modification with PEG, F-CDs@PEG exhibited excellent NIR-II bioimaging <em>in vivo</em>, comparable to FDA-approved dye indocyanine green (ICG). Under NIR laser irradiation, the remarkably enhanced catalytic activity of F-CDs@PEG disrupts the energy metabolism and redox balance of tumor cells, triggering intense tumor immunotherapy and reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Interestingly, we found that F-CDs@PEG can suppress immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and alleviate T-cell exhaustion, leading to enhanced tumor growth inhibition and reduced splenomegaly. Importantly, F-CDs@PEG-mediated photothermal-enhanced catalytic immunotherapy can induce robust immune memory, offering long-term protection against tumor recurrence. Overall, the success of this study offers a feasible strategy for the future design and exploration of NIR-II CD-based nanozymes and metal-free nanocatalysts for catalytic immunotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120533"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinforcement of tribological performance assisted by in-situ carbon layer from the release, capture and tribo-chemistry of ionic liquid hydrotalcite composite lubricating materials","authors":"Bingyu Tian ,&nbsp;Kun Cui ,&nbsp;Ping Wen ,&nbsp;Rui Dong ,&nbsp;Mingjin Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tribofilm is crucial for the improvement of tribological properties, and the modulation of interfacial tribofilm through system construction and component optimization has become an important strategy to obtain excellent lubrication stability. In this work, ionic liquid (IL) functionalized hydrotalcite composites (IL-LDH) were designed and prepared as lubricating additives. The hydrotalcite was successfully exfoliated by ILs, and obtained a thinner and more flexible lamellar morphology structure. Meanwhile, the composite additives significantly improve the friction reduction, anti-wear and load-bearing properties of the basic system. The significantly improved tribological properties by IL-LDH are attributable not only to the formation of in-situ carbon layer contributed by the release and capture of ILs between the composite layers under shear, but also to the friction-induced organic-inorganic doped tribofilm under the coupling of multiple effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120532"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensive oxidase-like activity of carbon dots nanozymes modulated with phosphoric acid for sensing","authors":"Guoyong Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuqi Wan ,&nbsp;Jingkun Li ,&nbsp;Junjie Qi ,&nbsp;Yukihiro Ozaki ,&nbsp;Fuwei Pi","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Development and modulation of carbon dots based nanozymes (CDNs) with pleasing oxidase-like activities remains a challenging and meaningful endeavor. Herein, aiming at enhanced photocatalytic capabilities of CDNs, a phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) synthesis strategy was proposed through series of remarkable CDNs development and elaboration, named as P-CDNs. In this modulated strategy, reagent of H₃PO₄ not only provides P atoms into the carbon dots’ backbone, generating defects for π-electron; but also functionalizes as interbedded phosphate, providing active electron sites to further promote electron efficacy and oxidase-like activities. The capacity of catalytic TMB was used to exemplify the oxidase-like activities of CDNs, and the results confirmed that the catalytic performance of P-CDNs was 3.25 times than that of the reference CDs. Based on the crackajack oxidase-like activity of P-CDNs, a smartphone remote analysis system was readily constructed to sensitive colorimetric/fluorescence dual mode response to diazotization reaction represented by nitrite. Our synthesis strategy not only provides guidance for the design of highly active CDNs but also offers directions for synthetic chemistry and materials science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 120534"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}