Rapid and green microwave-assisted synthesis of hydroxyl-rich mesoporous carbon for high-performance supercapacitors

IF 10.5 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI:10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120329

Sieun Jeon , Heeyeon An , Yongjin Chung

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Abstract

Mesoporous and hydroxyl group-abundant carbon (MPHAC) was synthesized via a rapid, energy-efficient microwave-assisted process utilizing phytic acid as a precursor. The synthesis process comprised two short sub-microwave irradiation steps: (1) the formation of phosphorus (P)-doped and oxygen (O)-abundant graphitic carbon (POGC) for 3 min and (2) surface treatment of POGCs using rapid thermal treatment with an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution for 5 min. The microwave-assisted post-treatment process generated 2–3 nm dominant mesopores and abundant hydroxyl groups without destruction of main pore structure of POGC, resulting in a higher surface area (1667.97 m² g⁻¹), enhanced hydrophilicity, and stronger interaction with potassium ions. Benefitting from the unique microstructure, the supercapacitor using MHAPC exhibited 31.2 Wh kg⁻¹ of energy density of 250 W kg⁻¹ of power density, and maintained superior performance under extreme high power density conditions (20.8 Wh kg⁻¹ at 25 kW kg⁻¹). The capacitance retention of 98.9 % after 10,000 cycles highlights its outstanding stability. The combined benefits of MPHAC showcases the potential of MPHAC as a high-performance, eco-friendly electrode material for next-generation energy storage devices, providing a scalable and sustainable pathway for supercapacitor development.

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高效能超级电容器用富羟基介孔碳的快速绿色微波辅助合成

以植酸为前驱体，采用微波辅助快速高效地合成了富羟基介孔碳（MPHAC）。合成过程包括两个短的次微波辐照步骤：(1)在3 min内形成磷(P)掺杂和氧(O)富集的石墨碳（POGC）；(2)在氢氧化钾水溶液中对POGC进行5 min的快速热处理。微波辅助后处理工艺在不破坏POGC主孔结构的情况下产生2 - 3 nm的优势介孔和丰富的羟基，从而获得更高的比表面积（1667.97 m2 g−1），增强亲水性；与钾离子的相互作用更强。得益于独特的微观结构，MHAPC超级电容器的能量密度为31.2 Wh kg - 1，功率密度为250 W kg - 1，在极高的功率密度条件下（25 kW kg - 1时为20.8 Wh kg - 1）也能保持优异的性能。1万次循环后电容保持率高达98.9%，稳定性突出。MPHAC的综合优势展示了MPHAC作为下一代储能设备的高性能，环保电极材料的潜力，为超级电容器的发展提供了可扩展和可持续的途径。

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来源期刊

Carbon 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

7.30%

发文量

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The journal Carbon is an international multidisciplinary forum for communicating scientific advances in the field of carbon materials. It reports new findings related to the formation, structure, properties, behaviors, and technological applications of carbons. Carbons are a broad class of ordered or disordered solid phases composed primarily of elemental carbon, including but not limited to carbon black, carbon fibers and filaments, carbon nanotubes, diamond and diamond-like carbon, fullerenes, glassy carbon, graphite, graphene, graphene-oxide, porous carbons, pyrolytic carbon, and other sp2 and non-sp2 hybridized carbon systems. Carbon is the companion title to the open access journal Carbon Trends. Relevant application areas for carbon materials include biology and medicine, catalysis, electronic, optoelectronic, spintronic, high-frequency, and photonic devices, energy storage and conversion systems, environmental applications and water treatment, smart materials and systems, and structural and thermal applications.