Sustainable Energy & Fuels最新文献

{"title":"Hydrothermal oxidative desulfurization of thiophene to sulfate: the effect of MoO _<i>x</i> , WO _<i>x</i> and carbon supports.","authors":"Cheng Chang, Frédéric Vogel, Oliver Kröcher, David Baudouin","doi":"10.1039/d5se01500f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5se01500f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among various forms of sulfur, some organosulfur compounds (particularly alkyl thiophenes) in biomass are rather refractory under hydrothermal conditions, posing a threat to the catalysts used in catalytic hydrothermal gasification (cHTG). In petrochemistry, alkyl thiophenes are usually treated by oxidative desulfurization (ODS) under mild conditions and removed in the form of sulfones, generating a sulfur-free product stream. ODS could be used to oxidize organosulfur compounds to sulfate, allowing efficient separation by exploiting the low salt solubility in supercritical water. To assess the viability of ODS in a cHTG process, we explored the effect of temperature and oxidant concentration (O/S ratio) on sulfate production from the ODS of thiophene. More importantly, the impact of Mo- and W-based carbon materials on the conversion of thiophene to sulfate was investigated. Our results showed a sulfate yield below 5% at temperatures ranging from 50 °C to as high as 400 °C in pressurized water. Experiments varying the oxidant-to-sulfur (O/S) ratio revealed that lower ratios (≤12) enhanced both sulfate yield and oxygen selectivity, whereas higher ratios (58 and 116) led to decreased selectivity due to excess oxidant consumption by organic matter. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) alone increased the sulfate yield threefold (to 2.3%) at 400 °C, an effect attributed to oxygen-containing surface groups. Acid treatment of CNFs further boosted this yield to 7%. A clear correlation between surface functionalities and catalytic activity was established using FTIR and Boehm titration. Among metal oxides, Mo(iv), in the form of MoO₂, was identified as an active phase for oxidative desulfurization (ODS), achieving a sulfate yield of 12%, while MoO₃ and WO₃ showed no such activity. However, metal oxide loading altered the CNF surface properties, potentially diminishing their promotional effect. These findings provide a basis for further development of MoO₂ catalysts supported on surface-modified carbon materials, with the goal of preserving beneficial carbon surface characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether-crosslinked gel polymer electrolyte membrane with enhanced alkaline stability and electrolyte retention for flexible zinc–air batteries","authors":"Vandana Kumari, Gaganjot and Monica Katiyar","doi":"10.1039/D6SE00051G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SE00051G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The rapidly growing field of flexible and wearable technologies has intensified the demand for the development of sustainable and flexible energy storage systems. Flexible zinc–air batteries (FZABs) are particularly promising for next-generation wearable devices, offering a high theoretical energy density of 1086 Wh/kg. The gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) in FZABs plays a crucial role in ion transport, operational stability, and cycle life while simultaneously preventing leakage associated with aqueous electrolytes. However, most existing GPEs suffer from degradation in strong alkaline environments. In this study, a chemically robust GPE crosslinked with tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether (TEGDE) was synthesized <em>via</em> photo-polymerization and explored for the first time in high-performance FZABs. The incorporation of TEGDE as a crosslinker significantly improved the chemical stability of the membrane, owing to its alkali-stable ether linkages. We show that the performance of the GPE, in terms of alkaline uptake and ionic conductivity, can be significantly tuned by controlling the initiator, monomer, crosslinker, and filler contents. The resulting membrane exhibits excellent electrolyte uptake (389%) and retention (78% after 96 h), and remarkably high ionic conductivity (339 mS cm<small>⁻¹</small>). It enables FZABs with a Co<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small> bifunctional air catalyst to run for 400 cycles over 200 hours with excellent cycling stability. Moreover, the FZABs maintain excellent performance under various bending angles, demonstrating their potential for wearable energy storage devices. These findings enhance the core understanding of structure–transport relationships in GPEs and pave the way for innovative strategies in designing high-performance membranes for FZABs.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 9","pages":" 2290-2301"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147826922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-stability and high-capacity aqueous sodium-ion battery using a high-entropy oxide cathode: intercalation vs. capacitive sodium charge storage","authors":"Sivasubramaniam Ragul, Kalidoss Kannadasan and Perumal Elumalai","doi":"10.1039/D5SE01701G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE01701G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Aqueous sodium-ion batteries are emerging as a potential battery technology due to their ease of fabrication and large-scale grid storage applications. The challenge in aqueous SIBs is achieving high stability and high capacity. In this work, a high-entropy oxide cathode, NaMn<small>_0.2</small>Ni<small>_0.2</small>Co<small>_0.2</small>Fe<small>_0.2</small>Al<small>_0.1</small>Cu<small>_0.1</small>O<small>₂</small>, was generated by means of lyophilization and explored as a cathode for aqueous SIBs. Material characterizations such as powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to confirm the phase purity, elemental composition and morphology. The electrochemical activity of the HEO cathode examined in different electrolytes confirmed that the HEO cathode was active only in Na<small>⁺</small>-conductive electrolytes. The electrolyte engineering confirmed that the 1 M NaPF<small>₆</small> electrolyte was the most suitable for efficient sodium charge storage. The detailed cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Dunn's analyses confirmed that the charge storage was due to Na<small>⁺</small> ion intercalation/deintercalation, along with a minor contribution from the capacitive mode. Consequently, a full-cell aqueous SIB in the form of CR2032 could deliver a discharge capacity of 55 mA h g<small>⁻¹</small>. The laboratory prototype CR2032 coin-type aqueous SIB and pouch-type batteries were demonstrated to power commercial LED bulbs and a temperature sensor.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 9","pages":" 2256-2270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147826920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and evaluation of phosphorus-doped laser-induced graphene with tunable defects and enriched active sites for high-performance supercapacitors","authors":"Shruti Lavania, Adil Alshoaibi, Nagih M. Shaalan, Gargi Dhiman, Manas Nasit, Saurabh Dalela, P. A. Alvi, Aditya Sharma, Ranjeet Kumar Brajpuriya and Shalendra Kumar","doi":"10.1039/D5SE01674F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE01674F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has garnered substantial consideration in applications based on energy storage owing to its economical nature and exceptional performance as a flexible electrode material. This work presents a straightforward method for synthesising phosphorus-doped laser-induced graphene (PLIG). The synthesis comprised the formation of pure LIG, subsequent dispersion of phosphoric acid <em>via</em> the drop-casting technique, and re-irradiation. The multilayer structure of PLIG was confirmed <em>via</em> the ratio of intensities of 2D and G bands in the Raman spectrum (<em>I</em><small>_2D</small>/<em>I</em><small>_G</small> = 0.8). The presence of a peak at 2<em>θ</em> ∼26.07° in X-ray diffraction spectra confirms the formation of graphene. The morphological analysis was done through field emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The occurrence of P–O and P–C in the P 2p peak's core level spectra in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the existence of phosphorus in LIG. Furthermore, the fabricated electrode of PLIG-2 unveiled a remarkable specific capacitance (<em>C</em><small>_s</small>) of 105 mF cm<small>⁻²</small> at a 2 mV s<small>⁻¹</small> scan rate, employing a three-electrode system. Moreover, the symmetric supercapacitor device (Swagelok cell) obtained a <em>C</em><small>_s</small> of 18.6 mF cm<small>⁻²</small> at 0.011 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> current density, and the pouch cell offers 21 mF cm<small>⁻²</small><em>C</em><small>_s</small> at 0.05 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> current density, demonstrating its application as an energy storage device.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 9","pages":" 2271-2289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147826921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-driven hydrogen evolution reactivity of molecular thio-oxomolybdate catalysts","authors":"Luca T. Schleicher, S. Henriette Kolbinger, Akuila Edwards, Kristin Sellmann, Luis Senz, Stephan Kupfer, Michael Schmitt, Jürgen Popp and Carsten Streb","doi":"10.1039/D6SE00061D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SE00061D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Heterogeneous molybdenum sulfides are widely used noble metal-free hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts. Thiomolybdates, their molecular analogues have been developed as viable minimal models to study reactivity at the molecular level. Here, we explore the light-driven HER reactivity and stability of the mixed thio-oxo-molybdate prototype [Mo<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>S<small>₆</small>]<small>²⁻</small> in homogeneous solution. In combination with the photosensitizer [Ru(bpy)<small>₃</small>]<small>²⁺</small>, [Mo<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>S<small>₆</small>]<small>²⁻</small> shows promising HER performance (turnover number TON &gt; 500), as well as strong reactivity dependence on the reaction conditions. Mechanistic experimental studies combined with density functional theory computations reveal complex speciation of the catalyst in solution, as well as light-induced and light-independent reaction pathways for catalyst and photosensitizer which are in line with disulfide-for-solvent ligand exchange reactions. These structure–reactivity insights outline design rules for more robust, solvent-tolerant thiomolybdate HER catalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 9","pages":" 2355-2362"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/se/d6se00061d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147826980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical conversion of CO2 plasmas","authors":"Haytham E. M. Hussein, Panagiotis N. Kechagiopoulos and Angel Cuesta","doi":"10.1039/D5SE01488C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE01488C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The integration of non-thermal CO<small>₂</small> plasma (NTP) with a custom-designed electrolyte-gap electrolyser and CuO catalysts represents an innovative strategy to enhance the electrochemical conversion of CO<small>₂</small> into C1–C3 products. Systematic galvanostatic experiments conducted at current densities ranging from 100 to 225 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> demonstrated that plasma-on operation significantly reduces cell voltages (by up to ∼1.3 V) and that product selectivity transitions from C1 species (CO and methane) to C2+ products, including ethylene, ethanol, acetate, propylene, and propanol. While CO and H<small>₂</small> predominate under plasma-off conditions, with limited formation of C2 products, the hybrid plasma–electrochemical system increases the faradaic efficiency (FE) for ethylene up to 39.5% and ethanol up to 18.1%. These enhancements are attributed to plasma-generated reactive species (radicals and excited-state molecules) that lower kinetic barriers for C–C coupling and modify the interfacial pH, thereby reducing parasitic carbonate/bicarbonate losses. The plasma-on state resulted in a statistically significant increase in liquid product carbon efficiency, from an average of ∼0.41% during plasma-off experiments to ∼0.91% during plasma-on experiments. Although the system currently exhibits lower overall energy efficiency owing to the power demands of the plasma discharge, this work establishes a robust framework for flexible product tuning and sustainable carbon utilisation <em>via</em> plasma-activated feeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 9","pages":" 2327-2343"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/se/d5se01488c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147826925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating density functional theory and machine learning for mechanical performance prediction of perovskite oxygen carriers in chemical looping combustion","authors":"Shenglong Teng, Xinyv Li, Yv Qiu and Dewang Zeng","doi":"10.1039/D6SE00322B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SE00322B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is an emerging combustion technology that has attracted increasing attention in the field of energy conversion due to its high efficiency, inherent CO<small>₂</small> separation capability, and low NO<small>_<em>x</em></small> emissions. In CLC systems, oxygen carriers play a critical role in heat and mass transfer, and their mechanical performance has a decisive impact on service lifetime and overall reaction performance. However, existing machine learning approaches for oxygen carrier design predominantly focus on reaction-related properties, while the lack of quantitative prediction methods for mechanical performance continues to result in high development costs. In this work, the bulk modulus is proposed as a key descriptor for evaluating the mechanical performance of oxygen carriers, and a combined first-principles calculation and machine learning framework is developed for mechanical property prediction. Over 4000 perovskite candidate materials were first generated based on valence-state and space-group combinations, and mechanically stable structures were screened using the Born stability criteria. Bulk moduli were then calculated and correlated with material hardness to establish a structure–mechanical property relationship. Subsequently, multiple machine learning models were trained to predict the bulk modulus of oxygen carriers, among which the random forest (RF) model achieved the best performance with <em>R</em><small>²</small> of 0.94. Finally, experimental validation <em>via</em> scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation measurements confirmed that perovskite oxygen carriers such as LaCoO<small>₃</small>, LaNiO<small>₃</small>, and CaTiO<small>₃</small> exhibit bulk moduli exceeding 240 GPa, demonstrating excellent mechanical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 9","pages":" 2302-2313"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147826923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-standing porous intermetallic Fe3Mn7 phase as a bifunctional electrocatalyst towards efficient overall water splitting","authors":"Yan Wen, Yu Cao, Yufei Ren and Zhen Huo","doi":"10.1039/D6SE00159A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SE00159A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The urgent need for efficient, stable, and noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for overall water splitting drives the exploration of intermetallic compounds. Herein, a three-dimensional nanoporous electrode D-MnNiFe-30 featuring a bicontinuous pore-ligament architecture and primarily composed of the Fe<small>₃</small>Mn<small>₇</small> intermetallic phase is fabricated <em>via</em> controlled chemical dealloying. This integration of a permeable nanoporous network with a well-defined intermetallic compound facilitates efficient mass/charge transport and stabilizes active sites. The resulting electrode demonstrates outstanding bifunctional activity in alkaline media, with low overpotentials of 32 mV for the HER and 329 mV for the OER at 10 mA cm<small>⁻²</small>. When assembled into a symmetric electrolyzer, it achieves 100 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> at 1.65 V under industrially relevant conditions and exhibits excellent long-term stability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the pristine Fe<small>₃</small>Mn<small>₇</small> surface exhibits strong adsorption of key intermediates, limiting its intrinsic activity. The remarkable experimental performance is therefore attributed to a synergistic enhancement from the defect-rich nanocrystalline nature within the porous framework, which modulates adsorption energetics, coupled with the advantageous mass transport morphology. This work provides a practical dealloying route to high-performance self-supported electrodes and elucidates the critical synergy between defect engineering within an intermetallic phase and a nanoporous architecture for efficient water splitting.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 9","pages":" 2363-2372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147826981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2025 Outstanding Papers","authors":"None","doi":"10.1039/D6SE90017H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SE90017H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A graphical abstract is available for this content</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 8","pages":" 1812-1815"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A corrosion study of lithium-ion batteries during NaCl electrochemical discharge: mechanistic origins and Zn-based mitigation strategies","authors":"Hanna Sahivirta, Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio and Rodrigo Serna-Guerrero","doi":"10.1039/D6SE00009F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SE00009F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >As lithium-ion battery (LIB) demand increases, there is growing interest in their recycling to reduce the environmental impact of mining. The safe handling of end-of-life batteries during transportation, storage and mechanical treatment requires development of environmentally sustainable and industrially scalable discharging processes. In this context, electrochemical discharge shows promise due to its simplicity, robustness, and potentially low cost. NaCl solution has been extensively studied as a promising discharge medium because of its availability and reportedly fast discharge potential. However, the use of NaCl aqueous electrolyte solutions has resulted in casing corrosion, which is associated with inefficient discharge and losses of critical raw materials. To overcome these issues, the present study offers for the first time an in-depth exploration of the potential mechanisms responsible for LIB corrosion in NaCl solutions. It is found that corrosion is a consequence of multiple parallel reactions driven by the presence of dissolved oxygen produced during electrochemical water splitting. As the corrosion pathways are identified, a novel approach is proposed to prevent it, namely, the use of Zn-salts as corrosion inhibitors. The experimental results suggest that Zn<small>²⁺</small> ions aid in corrosion prevention in three main ways: (i) by forming non-soluble Zn(OH)<small>₂</small> with OH<small>⁻</small> ions produced on the metal surfaces; (ii) by forming mixed Fe–Zn oxide in corrosion pits; and (iii) by consuming electrons from the battery during discharge and forming a sacrificial anode of metallic Zn. The present work thus proposes an economical and reliable approach to discharge LIBs efficiently using aqueous electrolyte media.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 8","pages":" 2110-2125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/se/d6se00009f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}