Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science最新文献

{"title":"Advances in additive manufacturing of cemented carbides: From powder production to mechanical properties and future challenges","authors":"Xiaofeng Li ,&nbsp;Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Yunfei Li ,&nbsp;Yuxia Zhao ,&nbsp;Zi’ao Guo ,&nbsp;Hang Wang ,&nbsp;Kaiyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Peikang Bai ,&nbsp;Bin Liu ,&nbsp;Huiping Tang ,&nbsp;Yong Liu ,&nbsp;Ma Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cemented carbides, which combine refractory metal carbides with binder phases, are essential advanced engineering materials for modern industry, spanning manufacturing, mining, energy production, aerospace, and defense. Their unique properties enable critical applications in cutting tools, drilling equipment, molds, dies, and wear-resistant components, making them vital in today’s technological landscape. Cemented carbides have traditionally been produced using powder metallurgy (PM) techniques. However, these conventional methods have limitations in tooling and molding, particularly for creating complex geometries, which restricts design freedom and innovation. Furthermore, their reliance on costly and time-consuming dies limits rapid response for low-volume, customized, or on-demand production. Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers a promising alternative, eliminating dies and enabling complex geometries, integrated functional features, and innovative product designs previously unattainable with traditional methods. Recent research has explored various AM techniques for producing cemented carbides, including laser powder bed fusion of (LPBF), directed energy deposition (DED), electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF), selective laser sintering (SLS), binder jetting AM (BJAM), and powder extrusion printing (PEP) / 3D gel printing (3DGP). This article critically evaluates the current state-of-the-art, challenges, and future prospects of AM for cemented carbides. We analyze the suitability of various powder preparation methods for AM, examine the effectiveness of different AM techniques with cemented carbides, and discuss the microstructure, defects, and mechanical properties of cemented carbides fabricated by various AM processes, comparing them to traditionally manufactured counterparts. Our concluding remarks highlight the challenges in cemented carbide AM and suggest strategic directions for future research to advance this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101238"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational materials assessment of the D/Li-stripping neutron source as a prototypical facility for fusion materials testing","authors":"Jaime Marian ,&nbsp;Wahyu Setyawan ,&nbsp;Ying Yang ,&nbsp;Anas Manzoor ,&nbsp;Weicheng Zhong ,&nbsp;Jason R. Trelewicz ,&nbsp;Jiankai Yu ,&nbsp;Ethan Peterson ,&nbsp;Yutai Katoh ,&nbsp;Lance Snead ,&nbsp;Brian D. Wirth","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the US fusion materials community awaits the selection and design of a fusion prototypical neutron source (FPNS), a risk reduction exercise has been conducted to (i) provide an updated materials performance evaluation using state-of-the-art computational materials modeling, (ii) expand on legacy analysis based on pure Fe to other relevant fusion structural materials types, and (iii) ensure that materials response under FPNS operational conditions is consistent with referential fusion reactor conditions. The current paper describes the efforts undertaken to assemble a comprehensive computational methodology that includes neutronics, primary damage calculations, atomistic simulations of displacement cascades, chemical inventory evolution calculations, and a computational thermodynamic analysis of emerging phases during irradiation. Our work extends existing studies in pure Fe to reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels, tungsten, silicon carbide, and vanadium alloys. We focus on the single-beam deuteron/lithium-stripping neutron source behind the IFMIF-DONES concept, which we assess against ITER, two DEMO designs, and an ideal pure 14-MeV flux. Our analysis indicates that, within standard uncertainties inherent to the models employed, the DONES concept adequately captures fusion conditions in the four materials analyzed. Our work is intended as a comprehensive irradiation damage analysis of fusion-representative neutron sources, to be used for further neutron source evaluation and fusion facility operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 101231"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposed relaxed criteria for fusion-activated materials","authors":"Son Quang,&nbsp;Nicholas R. Brown,&nbsp;G.Ivan Maldonado","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of fusion energy, heralded as an innovative, environmentally sustainable, and clean alternative to traditional energy sources, necessitates a comprehensive reevaluation and enhancement of the standards and criteria used to assess the suitability of materials for fusion reactors. This study underscores the reforming and simplifying of the current regulatory framework applicable to activated materials for fusion energy. It highlights the unique environmental properties inherent to plasma systems, requiring the adoption of materials that may not fully align within an established conventional regulatory framework. Existing systems and structures governing regulations and compliance, largely modeled on the rules and standards established for fission reactors, may impose excessively stringent constraints that could impede the advancement and innovation of new technologies. In addition, fusion systems would produce significantly less long-term (&gt;100,000 years) radioactive waste per unit energy generated than fission systems, so the existing regulatory framework based upon fission systems is unnecessarily conservative. By implementing a comprehensive framework that thoroughly accounts for the unique properties and behaviors of radionuclides, along with a detailed assessment of the environmental impacts of different materials, innovation can be responsibly advanced while maintaining safety standards and adherence to regulatory requirements. A judicious and restricted use of activated materials is recommended by the integration of advanced waste management strategies and a comprehensive understanding of these materials during operating conditions. Studies show that several activated products from candidate materials for fusion applications will not meet the existing strict activity limits, either as the main elements or as additions. For example, only about 7.1 % of the blanket’s front wall tungsten volume in the Steady State Tokamak Reactor (SSTR) could generate 2,000 times the amount of ¹⁹²ⁿIr above the allowed limit. The regulatory framework should consider relaxing the criteria for fusion-activated materials by allowing higher activity levels, as the fusion waste decays rapidly and most materials require isolation periods of less than 100 years. The proposed relaxed criteria achieve a balanced integration of optimal performance, enhanced safety measures, and environmental sustainability, thereby promoting the development and adoption of fusion technology as a reliable and viable energy source for the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101229"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress and challenges of phase change memory for in-memory computing","authors":"Xin Su ,&nbsp;Ziyu Guo ,&nbsp;Gutao Zhang ,&nbsp;Hsinyu Tsai ,&nbsp;Ning Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Analog in-memory computing (AIMC) using nonvolatile memories (NVMs) is very promising for achieving low latency and high energy efficiency for deep neural network (DNN) acceleration. There has been significant progress in using phase change memory (PCM) for analog IMC in recent years, especially for DNN inference applications, for both electrical and optical computing. In this paper, we present a review of these works, focusing primarily on PCMs for electrical computing, and including an overview on PCMs for optical computing. For electrical computing using PCM, we review the progress in both the device and the system level. On the device level, we first discuss the impact of PCM characteristics on AIMC computing and introduce relevant benchmarking methods. We then discuss progress in improving PCM devices for AIMC mainly by reducing nonidealities including resistance drift, read noise, and yield. We also discuss progress in programming characteristics that limit the density and programming power. On the system level, we discuss the optimization of memory cells, weight mapping methods, advanced drift compensation algorithms, and co-design considerations. We then review progress in AIMC energy efficiency studies and recent chip demonstrations. Since there is a growing interest in using PCM for photonic computing recently, we give an overview of this area including the device structures and system demonstrations. In the end, we briefly summarize the status and outlook of this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101225"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking the trade-off between thermal conductivity and strength of magnesium alloys: Mechanisms and strategies","authors":"Qi Shang ,&nbsp;Jun Tan ,&nbsp;Hao Lv ,&nbsp;Quan Dong ,&nbsp;Yi Lin ,&nbsp;Guozhi Wu ,&nbsp;Aitao Tang ,&nbsp;Bin Jiang ,&nbsp;Jürgen Eckert","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mg-based structural materials, known for their lightweight properties and excellent thermal conductivity, have significant potential in applications requiring efficient heat dissipation, especially in the information age. However, a trade-off exists between the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of these materials. Strengthening techniques such as solution strengthening, dislocation strengthening, grain boundary strengthening, and second-phase strengthening can improve mechanical properties but typically degrade thermal conductivity. This trade-off presents a major challenge in the development of Mg-based materials that simultaneously offer high mechanical strength and thermal conductivity. This review explores the mechanisms and strategies for enhancing the thermal conductivity of Mg-based structural materials, including tailoring alloying elements, depleting matrix solutes, designing composite structure, tailoring texture, and regulating the morphology of the second phase. This will provide insights into the future development of Mg materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101230"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissecting the physics of bacterial biofilms with agent-based simulations","authors":"Kee-Myoung Nam ,&nbsp;Changhao Li ,&nbsp;Bastiaan J.R. Cockx ,&nbsp;Danh T. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Ying Li ,&nbsp;Jan-Ulrich Kreft ,&nbsp;Jing Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofilms are surface-attached bacterial communities encased within extracellular matrices (ECMs) of biopolymers that play many significant roles in health and society. Biofilms are versatile, living biomaterials that are resilient to a wide range of external perturbations, primarily due to the ECM, which consists of a complex network of polymeric macromolecules. Newly established platforms for live biofilm imaging at single-cell resolution have revealed a wealth of novel insights into the emergence of cellular organization within a developing biofilm. This has, in turn, necessitated the development of modeling approaches that can pinpoint the mechanistic origins of this organization. In this review, we discuss the use of agent-based models (ABMs) as a general framework for simulating the development of bacterial colonies and biofilms. We describe the ingredients that are typically included in an ABM, together with the biological entity or process that each such ingredient represents, and the assumptions that underlie its precise formulation within the model. We then discuss a selection of recent studies in which ABMs have been used to investigate the physical mechanisms that govern biofilm development, focusing on our recent work on orientational ordering within <em>Vibrio cholerae</em> biofilms. Finally, we describe the numerous ways in which we foresee that ABMs can be leveraged to further our understanding of biofilm development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101228"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current opinions on memristor-accelerated machine learning hardware","authors":"Mingrui Jiang ,&nbsp;Yichun Xu ,&nbsp;Zefan Li ,&nbsp;Can Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unprecedented advancement of artificial intelligence has placed immense demands on computing hardware, but traditional silicon-based semiconductor technologies are approaching their physical and economic limit, prompting the exploration of novel computing paradigms. Memristor offers a promising solution, enabling in-memory analog computation and massive parallelism, which leads to low latency and power consumption. This manuscript reviews the current status of memristor-based machine learning accelerators, highlighting the milestones achieved in developing prototype chips, that not only accelerate neural networks inference but also tackle other machine learning tasks. More importantly, it discusses our opinion on current key challenges that remain in this field, such as device variation, the need for efficient peripheral circuitry, and systematic co-design and optimization. We also share our perspective on potential future directions, some of which address existing challenges while others explore untouched territories. By addressing these challenges through interdisciplinary efforts spanning device engineering, circuit design, and systems architecture, memristor-based accelerators could significantly advance the capabilities of AI hardware, particularly for edge applications where power efficiency is paramount.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 101226"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives and challenges of ultra-high temperature ceramics for fusion plasma-facing applications","authors":"Yan-Ru Lin ,&nbsp;Takaaki Koyanagi ,&nbsp;Steven J. Zinkle ,&nbsp;Lance L. Snead ,&nbsp;Yutai Katoh","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) offer several potential advantages as plasma-facing components (PFCs) in fusion reactors due to their extreme melting points, tailorable thermal conductivity, and attractive unirradiated mechanical properties including fracture toughness comparable or superior to tungsten. Recent developments and material properties of UHTCs are briefly reviewed, along with an overview of limited studies on their responses to neutron irradiation and an evaluation of plasma-surface interactions. Five key research pathways, primarily focused on irradiation effects, for advancing UHTCs in PFC applications are discussed: (1) assessing irradiation effects on the coupled thermal–mechanical performance (2) addressing the lack of studies on irradiation, plasma-surface interactions, and their synergistic effects; (3) investigating high-temperature (&gt;1000 °C) neutron irradiation effects critical for PFC performance; (4) optimizing multi-component UHTC compositions or composites to improve thermal or mechanical properties; (5) enhancing radiation resistance to mitigate microcracking and void swelling through strategies such as increasing sink strength by reducing grain size, introducing fine particles, and leveraging complex concentrated alloy concepts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 101223"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History, present status, and future directions of vanadium alloys for fusion reactors","authors":"T. Muroga ,&nbsp;P.F. Zheng ,&nbsp;Y. Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the need for low-activation fusion reactor materials was recognized in the mid-1980s, vanadium alloys have been researched and developed as promising candidates for blanket structural materials. Vanadium alloys are non-ferromagnetic and ductile materials and thus have advantages different from other candidates. However, since vanadium alloys are still at a premature industrial stage, research and development have been carried out not only on issues specific to fusion reactors but also on those related to industrial materials. Blankets using vanadium alloys as structural materials and liquid Li as a tritium breeder and coolant (self-cooled V/Li blankets) have unique characteristics, and research and development of issues specific to V/Li blankets have been conducted in conjunction with the development of vanadium alloys. In this paper, the progress of this research and development is reviewed, and the remaining issues are pointed out. Furthermore, the future direction of vanadium alloy research and development is discussed, considering recent changes in the environment surrounding fusion energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 101224"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing biofilm architecture through depletion-mediated self-assembly and emergent nematic order","authors":"X. Li ,&nbsp;S. Zhao ,&nbsp;A.S. Utada","doi":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacteria are ubiquitous and adaptable microorganisms that play crucial roles in the functioning of the ecosystem and hold immense potential for biotechnological applications. In nearly all environments, they form self-assembled biofilm communities. In this mini-review, we examine bacterial aggregation, focusing on two key aspects: the use of depletion forces to direct bacterial assembly and the emergence of liquid crystalline order in biofilms. We explore how the depletion attraction effect can be used to direct the assembly of bacteria into ordered groups, while also highlighting the diversity of ways different bacterial biofilms develop liquid crystal-like order and how it influences biofilm morphology and function. These phenomena offer promising avenues for manipulating bacterial communities and hold the potential to contribute to the development of design rules for engineering biofilms with tailored architectures and functionalities. This knowledge will ultimately expand our ability to harness biofilms for diverse applications in bioremediation, biomanufacturing, and medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":295,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 101222"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}