Composites Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Rapid thermal degradation of polyamide 6 microdroplets and its effect on interfacial shear strength to simulate thermal welding conditions of CFRTP","authors":"Shota Kawasaki,&nbsp;Kimiyoshi Naito,&nbsp;Jonathon Tanks","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of rapid thermal processes on the interfacial strength of carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) and to elucidate the influence of such processes. To this end, high-speed thermal degradation tests were performed on microdroplet specimens. Initially, the thermal stability of PA6 in a simulated air environment was examined using isothermal gravimetric analysis to determine suitable thermal degradation test conditions. Then, the oxidation of the microdroplets after thermal degradation was assessed by measuring the total color difference between untreated and thermally treated specimens. Additionally, the effects of temperature and the test duration on the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the microdroplet specimens were investigated. Even short-term degradation tests decreased the IFSS of relatively small microdroplets, and the size of the microdroplets significantly influenced the IFSS of the resin–fiber interface. Additionally, thermal degradation at the contact area between the microdroplet and the knife edge influenced the test results. At 300 °C, the decrease in the IFSS resulting from thermal degradation was relatively small. However, at 325 °C, a longer duration of thermal exposure significantly decreased the IFSS. For specimens with an embedment length of at least 60 μm, differences in the IFSS were small when the total color difference was small, regardless of the test temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 111318"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A combined high and low cycle fatigue progressive damage model for composite laminates considering the effect of loading interaction","authors":"Zhongyu Wang,&nbsp;Tao Zheng,&nbsp;Li Zhang,&nbsp;Zhanguang Chen,&nbsp;Jindi Zhou,&nbsp;Licheng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A fatigue progressive damage model considering the loading interaction is introduced to predict the combined high and low cycle fatigue (CCF) life and residual fatigue properties of composite laminates. This model incorporates fatigue failure criteria, fatigue damage evolution, residual property degradation and a normalized fatigue life model. By considering the interaction between low cycle fatigue (LCF) and high cycle fatigue (HCF), the cumulative fatigue damage under the CCF loading is calculated, and the models for residual stiffness and strength are improved accordingly. A comprehensive fatigue simulation procedure is established to perform equivalent treatment on the combined fatigue loads and calculate the fatigue life. Experimental tests on LCF and CCF are carried out to validate the accuracy of the proposed model, and the simulated results demonstrate good consistency with the experimental results. Moreover, the key parameters in CCF, such as the stress amplitude ratio of CCF, frequency ratio of CCF and stress ratio of LCF, are discussed in terms of their effects on fatigue life and residual stiffness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 111316"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single and repeated low-velocity impact response of CFRP laminates with bioinspired double-helicoidal Bouligand structures","authors":"Fan Yang ,&nbsp;Songhe Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is challenging to improve the impact resistance of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), especially in the situation of repeated impacts. This paper reports on the improvement of energy-absorption characteristic and impact resistance of CFRP laminates by using Bouligand-type biomimetic architecture. Three types of specimens, quasi-isotropic (QI), single-twisted (SB) and double-twisted (DB) Bouligand-type laminates, were fabricated and tested with single and 5-time repeated low velocity impact (LVI) experiments under impact energy ranging from 20J to 40J. Meanwhile, a validated finite element (FE) model and ultrasonic C-scan technique were utilized to study the interlaminar damage and energy absorption capacity associated with the impact response. Experimental results indicated that DB outperform QI and SB in terms of specific energy absorption (SEA) and peak impact load. After 5-time repeated impacts the DB with 10° pitch angle enable to retain about 97 % in energy absorption capacity, whereas those with 20° pitch angle exhibited the energy absorption capacity reduction of about 14 % and local structural failure. Furthermore, the effects of pitch angle and impactor mass on the impact resistance of DB was numerically examined. A pitch angle of 5° results in an improvement of up to 10 % in resistance compared to those with 10° and 22.5° pitch angles, and at 40J impact energy a lighter high-speed impactor contributes to obtain a more dispersed damage distribution that presents petal-shaped, resulting improved impact resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 111320"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ synthesized magnesium phosphate/bacterial nanocellulose composite as a sustainable material for high-performance symmetric supercapacitors","authors":"Dalia M. El-Gendy ,&nbsp;Mohammad M. Farag ,&nbsp;Mohamed Abdelraof ,&nbsp;Ehab N. El Sawy","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical supercapacitors (ECSCs) are crucial for the energy storage sector, particularly in managing intermittent renewable energy sources. This work innovatively develops an environmentally friendly composite material of Mg₃(PO₄)₂ (magnesium phosphate, MP) within bacterial cellulose (BC) using the <em>Gluconacetobacter xylinum</em> ATCC 10245 bacterial strain. Various characterization techniques, including XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and TEM, were used to evaluate the structural properties of the synthesized MP, BC, and magnesium phosphate/bacterial nanocellulose (BC-MP) composite. The electrochemical properties of the material were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 0.5 M H₂SO₄. The BC-MP electrode was found to have a high specific capacitance of ≈2000 F/g at 2 A/g. Additionally, a symmetric supercapacitor device based on BC/MP electrodes showed outstanding energy (≈52 Wh/kg) and power densities (≈890 W/kg) at 1 A/g, as well as an excellent cycle life stability (100 % after 5000 cycles and ≈97 % after 7000 cycles) at 10 A/g. The remarkable performance of the BC/MP composite can be attributed to the high surface area of the BC and MP and their synergistic effect in increasing hydrophilicity and conductivity. This study highlights the potential of BC/MP composite as a promising electrode material for high-capacity electrochemical supercapacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 111313"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced dielectric properties of poly(dimethyl siloxane) based composites with modified MXene","authors":"Zi-Long Zhang ,&nbsp;Liang Tao ,&nbsp;Jing-Wen Wang ,&nbsp;Ying-Jie Ma ,&nbsp;Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The focus on composite films with high dielectric properties is largely attributable to their extensive range of applications in electrical equipment. Nevertheless, there is a recognized issue concerning the fact that the dielectric properties of the materials do not fully satisfy the mounting performance requirements in practical applications. In this work, the heterostructure of MnO₂ grown on the surface of 2D transition metal carbide Ti₃C₂ MXene doped with carbon quantum dots (CD-MnO₂@MXene) has been successfully obtained through hydrothermal reaction. CD-MnO₂@MXene was combined with poly (dimethyl siloxane)-based copolymers (D-PDMS) to form the PDMS-based dielectric composites (CD-MnO₂@MXene/D-PDMS) via solution casting method. The CD-MnO₂@MXene/D-PDMS composite containing 2.17 vol% of CD-MnO₂@MXene exhibits an enhanced dielectric constant of 42.2 at 100 Hz, which is 12 times and 1.58 times higher than that of the pure matrix and the CD@MXene/D-PDMS composite, meanwhile the loss is only 0.07. These results validate that the CD-MnO₂@MXene/D-PDMS composite possesses excellent dielectric properties and low energy loss compared with other nanocomposites, thus can be widely used in advanced electronic devices such as actuators and sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 111314"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron tomography as a structural bridge: Linking interfacial engineering to macroscopic viscoelasticity in silica/rubber nanocomposites","authors":"Xinyang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiangyan Li ,&nbsp;Chenchen Tian ,&nbsp;Lin Xu ,&nbsp;Song Hong ,&nbsp;Nanying Ning ,&nbsp;Ming Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interface engineering and dispersion research of nanocomposites have universal applications in flexible electronic materials, intelligent damping materials, and green tire materials. The green tire necessitates rubber composites with low rolling resistance and environmental compatibility, wherein the three-dimensional dispersion and interfacial design of nanofillers play a pivotal role. By integrating electron tomography-based 3D quantification-capable of resolving nanoscale agglomerate compactness, branching, and connectivity-the limitations of conventional 2D microscopy are overcome, revealing a dual-phase dispersion transition modulated by grafting degrees of 3-mercaptopropyl-ethoxy-bis (tridecyl-pentaethoxy-siloxane (Si747), a low-VOC silane coupling agent with shielded alkoxy groups and physical adsorption dual interfacial interactions. At low grafting degrees (0 %–5 %), silica (SiO₂) agglomerates exhibited reduced compactness (26 % decrease in V_silica/V_effect) but increased branching (N_BN/N_TN from 0.643 to 2.17) and connectivity (L_seg doubled), where energy loss is dominated by cyclic breakdown/reformation of filler networks leading to enhanced Payne effect and elevated tan δ at 60 °C. At higher modification level (grafting degrees 5 %–15 %), ET visualized the disassembly of agglomerates, with a 67 % surge in isolated primary nanoparticles, accompanied by weakened connectivity. Consequently, energy dissipation shifts from filler network breakdown to viscoelastic deformation within the interfacial layer, thereby minimizing overall energy loss. This work challenges conventional paradigms of silica modification and reveals the two-stage mechanism of interfacial modification on dispersion and viscoelasticity from the perspective of 3D dispersion of fillers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 111311"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of EMI shielding and interfacial properties in CF/PEKK composites via electrostatic self-assembly of aminated MXene and SPEKK","authors":"Xueqin Yang ,&nbsp;Jiamei Luo ,&nbsp;Jingwang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Xue ,&nbsp;Hongliang Ren ,&nbsp;Jie Sun ,&nbsp;Yaodong Liu ,&nbsp;Yong Liu ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianyong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Structural-functional integrated composites represent a key trend in aerospace and smart manufacturing applications. In this work, inorganic two-dimensional MXene (Ti₃C₂T_x) synergistic organic sulfonated polyetherketoneketone (SPEKK) was employed to increase the EMI shielding and interfacial properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyetherketoneketone (CF/PEKK) composites via electrostatic self-assembly. By means of static cling, the aminated MXene (MXene-NH₂) with positive charge and negatively charged SPEKK were sequentially assembled on the negatively charged CF surfaces to form an effective interfacial layer. Subsequently, CF/PEKK composites were prepared by molding process. The resultant CF/PEKK composites achieved superior EMI shielding effectiveness of 44.6 dB, which was 60.4 % higher than that of unmodified CF/PEKK composites. The improvement of the shielding effectiveness might be due to increased interfacial polarization losses, ohmic losses and dipole polarization losses of the CF/PEKK composites by MXene-NH₂ and SPEKK against electromagnetic waves. Simultaneously, the flexural strength, flexural modulus and interlaminar shear strength of CF/PEKK composites achieved 1233 MPa, 86.47 GPa and 92 MPa, which were 35.0 %, 16.1 % and 26.0 % above those of virgin CF/PEKK composites, respectively. Such promotion in mechanical properties could originate from the comprehensive effect of static cling, hydrogen bonding and mechanical interlocking between MXene-NH₂ and CF, SPEKK, as well as π-π interactions, diffusion and entanglement between SPEKK and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK). Briefly, this study puts forward an effective interfacial modification technique for developing carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites with integrated structural and functional properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 111308"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous sizing agent prepared via ethyl acetate-induced polyamide acid conformation twist for CFRTPs enhancement","authors":"Yiqi Wu ,&nbsp;Hailong Liu ,&nbsp;Mingzhuo Chai ,&nbsp;Tao You ,&nbsp;Zhen Hu ,&nbsp;Ming Liu ,&nbsp;Yalin Yao ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Li Liu ,&nbsp;Yudong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sizing agents are essential for carbon fiber (CF), serving to protect the fiber, improve processability, and enhance the performance of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics composites (CFRTPs). However, sizing agents capable of withstanding the processing temperatures of CFRTPs are typically require the assistance of highly toxic additives for dissolution. To address this issue, a novel strategy is proposed that enhances the water solubility of the sizing agent by modulating the polymer conformation using a small amount of environmentally friendly compounds. The resulting sizing agent exhibited excellent dispersibility and long-term stability, with a shelf life exceeding 12 months and a particle size around 20 nm. Theoretical simulations revealed the potential interaction mechanism between ethyl acetate (EA) molecules and sulfonated polyamide acid (SA-PAA) chain segments and further elucidated the solvation behavior of the polymers in binary solvent systems. Thermal imidization transformed SA-PAA into sulfonated polyimide (SA-PI) on CF surface, endowing it with high thermal resistance and excellent compatibility. As a result, carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) exhibited outstanding mechanical properties, including an interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of 87.7 MPa, an impact strength of 42.7 MPa, and a flexural strength of 973.7 MPa, representing increases of 40.5 %, 35.5 %, and 33.6 %, respectively. A similar enhancement was observed when reinforcing polyetherimide. This design provides a novel direction and theoretical foundation for the application of thermoplastic sizing agent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 111312"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model for mode I fatigue delamination with significant fiber bridging retardation","authors":"Liaojun Yao ,&nbsp;Mingyue Chuai ,&nbsp;Zixian He ,&nbsp;Stepan V. Lomov ,&nbsp;Valter Carvelli ,&nbsp;Sergei B. Sapozhnikov","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite laminates are highly vulnerable to fatigue delamination growth (FDG). Fiber bridging has been demonstrated to exert significant retardation on the FDG. The fatigue delamination model, presented in this paper, describes these retardation effects, based on two specific damage mechanisms associated with the bridging-affected delamination: the damage around the crack front and the damage associated with the bridging fibers. The crack-front-related failure was represented using a traditional fatigue cohesive law, while a new fatigue bridging law was proposed for characterizing fiber-bridging-related failure. This new law related the damage variable to the ratio of the crack opening displacement (COD) to the bridging-resistant-free COD via a power function. The parameters of this fatigue bridging law are identified for a given composite material via an optimization algorithm. This algorithm uses the maximum force evolution recorded during fatigue experiments. Crack closure is taken into account for FDG with low stress ratio (i.e. <em>R</em> &lt; 0.3) in the optimization algorithm. The damage propagation in fiber-bridged FDG is simulated by superposing these two fatigue laws, thus contributing to a new fatigue delamination model. The validation of the fatigue model for mode I FDG was conducted by varying the amounts of fiber bridging at different stress ratios. The proposed fatigue delamination model effectively captures the effects of bridging retardation and exhibits good accuracy in the determination of FDG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 111309"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144720797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced interfacial adhesion of aramid fiber composites by constructing a spider silk inspired nanofiber network at interphase","authors":"Shoupeng Wang ,&nbsp;Chunyan Wang ,&nbsp;Yulan Chen ,&nbsp;Li Liu ,&nbsp;Zhengxiang Zhong ,&nbsp;Yudong Huang ,&nbsp;Mingqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide (PPTA) are highly regarded for their exceptional mechanical properties and chemical stability; however, their inherently smooth and chemically inert surface severely limits their potential for advanced applications. In this study, we propose a sophisticated surface engineering strategy to significantly enhance the surface performance of fiber. By employing a precisely controlled design of the fiber surface architecture, we integrated homogeneous spider web-like aramid nanofibers (ANFs) to synergistically augment both surface roughness and the concentration of active functional groups. The inert structure of the PPTA fiber surface was first improved by using plasma irradiation, and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) was subsequently used as a bridging agent to enhance the interfacial bonding between the PPTA fibers and the ANFs while repairing the defects on the fiber surface. Benefiting from the large amount of active functional groups as well as improved surface roughness originated form coated homogeneous spider web-like nanofiber network on fiber surface, the performance of fiber composite significantly improved. Specifically, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) increased from 42.3 MPa to 64.3 MPa, and the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) improved from the original 51.5 MPa–73.3 MPa, representing increases of approximately 51.9 % and 42.3 %. which is much higher than that of other reported work, while the tensile properties and heat resistance remained almost unchanged. The findings offer a unique method on the design of synergistic hybrid bridging transition strategy addressing the weak interphase in PPTA fiber composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 111307"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}