{"title":"Sulfur Co-polymer as a universal adhesive to construct segregated structure in cross-linked rubber toward improved conductive and mechanical properties","authors":"Shu Wang, Zhenghai Tang, Yilin Xiao, Dong Wang, Baochun Guo, Liqun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Creating segregated structure within composites can significantly improve electrical conductivity but usually compromises mechanical properties. In this contribution, we introduced a straightforward and universal method to fabricate segregated rubber composites with a rare integration of high electrical conductivity and mechanical robustness by utilizing an inverse vulcanized copolymer (SP) as an adhesive to bind the segregated domains. Specifically, sulfur-crosslinked butadiene styrene rubber (SBR) granules were mixed with SP and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), followed by compression molding. CNTs embedded within SP are strategically dispersed along the boundaries of SBR granules, and the reaction of SP with SBR granules creates covalent bonding among the segregated domains and increases their crosslinking density. The segregated skeleton constituted by highly interconnected CNTs is robust, which imparts the composites with high electrical conductivity that is stable upon deformations and is able to heal after damage. In addition, the rigid segregated skeleton preferentially ruptures to dissipate enormous energy, and the cohesive interphase facilitates chain finite extensibility in the highly crosslinked segregated domains, resulting in remarkable enhancements on the tensile strength and modulus of the composites. The universality of this strategy is further demonstrated by using ground waste tyre rubber as matrix and boron nitride sheets as filler.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 110964"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhance the piezoelectricity of poly(vinylidene fluoride) through co-crystal with polycaprolactone","authors":"Zhiwei Ye, Juan Yi, Yibo Zhang, Chuanxi Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The strategies of solid solution and doping have been well-established obtaining high piezoelectric ceramics, achieving a significant increase in the piezoelectric coefficient. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research investigating this strategy in polymer piezoelectric materials. In this work, we present a novel approach to co-crystal formation between polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), which markedly enhances the piezoelectricity of PVDF. The formation of a co-crystal results in a notable reduction in the crystal size of PVDF, an increase in the interface between the crystalline and amorphous regions, and the directional arrangement of dipoles under an electric field. The piezoelectric coefficient of the 3 % PCL/PVDF film is approximately twice that of the commercial PVDF film (22.0 pC/N), and the sensor device exhibits favorable linear sensing characteristics. The present study proposes a novel strategy for the development of films with exceptional piezoelectric properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 110973"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vertically aligned liquid metal thermal pad with excellent electromagnetic shielding and ultra-high compressibility","authors":"Yisimayili Tuersun , Pingjun Luo , Xu Huang , Mingdeng Huang , Yilimiranmu Rouzhahong , Chu Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing integration level of modern electronics, flexible highly thermally conductive and electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI) materials were urgently demanded in electronic devices. Traditionally carbon or solid metal fillers are widely used as a reinforcement to fabricate a flexible thermally conductive and EMI shielding materials. However Due to the trade-off between mechanical and thermal properties, it is difficult to further improve the performance of solid filler/polymer composites. Here in this work based on the intrinsic excellent electrical and thermal conductivity of liquid metal (LM), we embedded the LM network structure vertically in the silicone gel and fabricated a vertically aligned LM(VALM) composites. Compared to the randomly dispersed LM composites, VALM composite exhibits high through plane thermal conductivity (κ<sub>⊥</sub>: 6.08 W/m·K) and excellent EMI shielding efficiency (SE) (minimum and maximum EMI SE for VALM2 were 33.2 dB and 39.5 dB). In addition, due to the fluidic nature of LM, composite materials exhibit excellent softness and flexibility (compression modulus of 0.56 MPa). Practical heat dissipation test results and EMIS efficiencies demonstrate usefulness of VALM composite in next-generation electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 110974"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoqing Du , Qi Chen , Qiqi Zhou , Yufan Zhou , Feng Wang , Wangjie Xu , Yulin Zhan , Man Jiang
{"title":"3D printing lignin carbonized nanotube and cellulose nano fiber aerogel for wearable pressure sensors","authors":"Xiaoqing Du , Qi Chen , Qiqi Zhou , Yufan Zhou , Feng Wang , Wangjie Xu , Yulin Zhan , Man Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nanocellulose represents an important sustainability and chemical stability candidate for conductive 3D aerogel sensors, while introducing additional conductive additives is necessary. Herein, the as developed lignin derived carbonized nanotube (LCNT) in our lab was adopted as conductive ingredient to fabricate cellulose nanofiber (CNF) based composite aerogel by 3D printing. Specifically, the as-prepared LCNT/CNF composite aerogel with ratio of 85:15 in weight presented homogeneous porous morphology with well dispersed and penetrated LCNT in CNF porous matrix, providing a piezoresistive type pressure sensor. Stable signals were achieved under testing range from 0.2 to 9.8 kPa, with response time between 100 and 200 ms, related to the testing accuracy. The mechanical property of the as-prepared composite aerogel was found to be satisfactory. Under a constant 30 % compression strain for 1000 cycles, 92.5 % stress retention was maintained, and the ultimate stress was tested to be 16.64 kPa. This work provided a customized wearable pressure sensor with satisfactory comprehensive performance made completely from cellulose and lignin renewable natural polymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 110976"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Tian , Shuran Li , Weidong Zhu , Keping Yan , Yinglin Ke
{"title":"Designable alignment of reclaimed carbon fiber by soft-lock pressing for remanufacturing multifunctional flexible heater","authors":"Yu Tian , Shuran Li , Weidong Zhu , Keping Yan , Yinglin Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of reclaimed carbon fiber (rCF) in remanufacturing processes presents a sustainable solution for reducing carbon footprint and promoting circular economy principles. In this study, we propose a simple and direct universal soft-lock pressing method to achieve the controlled formation and strategic arrangement of highly ordered fiber arrays. Experimental results demonstrate that the aligned rCF array exhibits hydrophobic properties due to its continuous micro-rounded arch morphology on the surface. Combined with rapid and uniform Joule heating, the multifunctional flexible heater remanufactured based on rCF arrays shows promising prospects for preventing ice formation and facilitating rapid de-icing in low-temperature environments. Notably, this method can effectively utilize the directional properties of rCF to construct temperature gradients, enhancing heat distribution and overall performance in heating and de-icing applications. Overall, using soft-lock pressing for the remanufacturing of rCF multifunctional flexible heaters represents a convergence of sustainability, advanced materials, and functional design, and is an important exploration and leadership in closing the recycling loop through various innovative pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 110966"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuhuang Chen , Jiaqi Gao , Yinghao Qi , Chuanchuan Dai , Zhaoxin Li , Yu Wu , Peng Yu , Siwen Bi
{"title":"Safe and negligible-loss overcurrent protection: A novel macromolecular voltage stabilizer for conductive polymer composites","authors":"Xuhuang Chen , Jiaqi Gao , Yinghao Qi , Chuanchuan Dai , Zhaoxin Li , Yu Wu , Peng Yu , Siwen Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The balance between safety issues and low loads remains a major obstacle toward large-scale applications of conductive polymer composites (CPCs) based over-current protection. Elevating the conductive filler concentration in CPCs is a potential strategy to reduce initial resistivity for decreased load, but compromise positive temperature coefficient (PTC) performance and voltage breakdown strength. Here, a novel type of macromolecular voltage stabilizer is synthesized by fluorine rubber and ferrocene to optimize the comprehensive properties of CPCs with low resistivity. The voltage stabilizer provides CPCs with a high voltage breakdown strength of up to 54V with maintaining an extremely low initial resistivity. Such CPCs also have an enhanced PTC intensity, improved instability voltage threshold, suppressed NTC effect, and good reproducibility up on/off switching. Based on tunnel effect, these improved properties can be interpreted by the reduction of charge transfer impact on the degradation of the polymer matrix. This work suggests the great potential of using these unique additives and theoretical investigations for overcurrent protection or insulating material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 110965"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Wetzel , Benjamin Schneider , Anna Katharina Sambale , Markus Stommel , Jan-Martin Kaiser
{"title":"RVE Simulations of short fiber reinforced polyamide: Direct and inverse matrix parameter identification in view of the semi-crystalline polymer structure","authors":"Paul Wetzel , Benjamin Schneider , Anna Katharina Sambale , Markus Stommel , Jan-Martin Kaiser","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the modeling capabilities of computational homogenization for the mechanical behavior of short fiber reinforced polyamide. Simulations on a representative volume element (RVE) with elastic fibers and an elastic–plastic matrix are compared to tensile experiments on specimens taken in parallel and transversal direction from injection molded plates. In view of the semi-crystalline polymer structure, focus is put on identifying the matrix parameters through two alternative methods:</div><div>First, the matrix parameters are identified directly using tensile experiments on a non-nucleated and a nucleated unreinforced polyamide. In the RVE computations based on the non-nucleated grade, the composite stress–strain behavior is somewhat underestimated, and with the nucleated grade, the behavior is slightly overestimated. To explain this, the semi-crystalline polymer structure is studied. Polarized light microscopy images reveal that the non-nucleated grade has a coarser and the nucleated grade a finer spherulite structure, compared to the matrix present in the composite. However, the degree of crystallinity measured by differential scanning calorimetry is in a similar range.</div><div>As an alternative, the matrix parameters are identified inversely by fitting the RVE model to the composite tensile experiments. As uncertainties with respect to the matrix material as well as possibly remaining simplifications in the micromechanical model are compensated for, this reverse engineering approach allows for a very good fit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 110961"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Egg white-derived nanocomposite microspheres for alveolar bone defects management","authors":"Yi Hou , Mengmeng Jin , Dan Sun , Songsong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we developed a new class of nanocomposite microspheres comprising of Ca<sup>2+</sup> crosslinked chicken egg white (EW) and Zn-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Zn–SiO<sub>2</sub>), targeting the challenging alveolar defect repair applications. We drew inspiration from the “Chinese century egg” preservation techniques to crosslink the EW protein using Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions under alkali conditions and this has led to a novel alkali-ionic (ai) cross-linked EW network with enhanced mechanical stability. Molecular dynamic simulation was deployed to elucidate the protein crosslinking mechanisms within the microspheres. Zn-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Zn–SiO<sub>2</sub>) were introduced as degradable functional nanofillers. Results show that the unique Zn–SiO<sub>2</sub>/ai-EW nanocomposite microspheres have enhanced mechanical strength, desirable degradation profile and biomineralization capabilities. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies show that with the gradual released Ca<sup>2+</sup> from the EW matrix can promote osteogenic differentiation; Si<sup>4+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup> can modulate the immune microenvironment and enhanced angiogenesis. The promising results have demonstrated the strong potential of Zn–SiO<sub>2</sub>/ai-EW composite microspheres for alveolar bone repair applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 110962"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiayi Fu , Jian Tang , Shidong Ma , Zhijuan Pan , Ruoxin Li , Yuting Wu , Tao Yan
{"title":"Anti-interference flexible temperature-sensitive/strain-sensing aerogel fiber for cooperative monitoring of human body temperature and movement information","authors":"Jiayi Fu , Jian Tang , Shidong Ma , Zhijuan Pan , Ruoxin Li , Yuting Wu , Tao Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, multi-functional flexible sensing fibers capable of detecting various physical and chemical stimuli capabilities have made significant advancements. However, the cross-sensitivity of the sensing materials to other stimuli can considerably reduce their sensitivity and accuracy of these multifunctional fibers. In this study, we initially fabricated a blending type (BAF) and a core-sheath type (CAF) strain-sensing aerogel fiber using an optimized one-step wet spinning process. Then, we coated the aerogel fiber with cholesteric liquid crystal as the middle layer and waterborne polyurethane as the outer layer to obtain a temperature-sensitive/strain-sensing aerogel fiber (TSAF). TSAF demonstrates distinct multi-model strain sensing performance, enabling the detection of tensile strains (0.1–111.5 %), bending strains (40°–160°), and compression strains. Moreover, within the ultra-narrow temperature range of 34 °C–38 °C, TSAF undergoes reversible color transformations from yellow-green-blue-purple, against both bright and dark backgrounds. This unique feature offered high sensitivity, rapid response time, and diverse color variations. By integrating fibers into clothing, a collaborative sensing system can be established to simultaneously monitor human physiology and movement information. These advancements hold significant potential for applications in smart clothing, medical care, and other fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 110955"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fan Wang , Xiaodi Dong , Guangyi Liu , Jing-Hui Gao , Xu Wang , Jun-Wei Zha
{"title":"Dual covalent bond induced high thermally conductive polyimide composite films based on CNT@CN complex filler","authors":"Fan Wang , Xiaodi Dong , Guangyi Liu , Jing-Hui Gao , Xu Wang , Jun-Wei Zha","doi":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyimide (PI) possesses excellent high-temperature resistance, insulation properties, and mechanical properties, making it widely used as a flexible printed circuit board substrate and high-temperature electrical insulation material. However, the irregular arrangement of PI molecules results in a relatively low thermal conductivity. This work utilizes the active groups on the surface of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon nitride nanosheets (CNNS) to obtain CNTs@CN complex fillers containing covalent bonds. The thermal conductivity of CNTs@CN/PI with double covalent bonds can be up to 6.63 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>. The covalent bonds between fillers and fillers as well as between fillers and the matrix provide efficient and continuous pathways for phonon transmission. Additionally, finite element analysis further reveals the heat transfer mechanism of the CNTs@CN/PI composite film. Therefore, this will provide a feasible solution to enhance the thermal conductivity of PI, making it more promising for applications in electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":283,"journal":{"name":"Composites Science and Technology","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 110963"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}