Progress in Photovoltaics最新文献

{"title":"Solar Cell Efficiency Tables (Version 66)","authors":"Martin A. Green,&nbsp;Ewan D. Dunlop,&nbsp;Masahiro Yoshita,&nbsp;Nikos Kopidakis,&nbsp;Karsten Bothe,&nbsp;Gerald Siefer,&nbsp;Xiaojing Hao,&nbsp;Jessica Yajie Jiang","doi":"10.1002/pip.3919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3919","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since January 2025 are reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 7","pages":"795-810"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3919","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photostable Inorganic Perovskite Absorber via Thermal Evaporation for Monolithic Perovskite/Perovskite/Silicon Triple-Junction Solar Cells","authors":"Yashika Gupta,&nbsp;Minasadat Heydarian,&nbsp;Maryamsadat Heydarian,&nbsp;Oussama Er-raji,&nbsp;Michael Günthel,&nbsp;Oliver Fischer,&nbsp;Clemens Baretzky,&nbsp;Patricia S. C. Schulze,&nbsp;Martin Bivour,&nbsp;Stefaan De Wolf,&nbsp;Stefan W. Glunz,&nbsp;Juliane Borchert","doi":"10.1002/pip.3923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3923","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monolithic perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple-junction solar cells have the potential to exceed the efficiency limits of perovskite/silicon dual-junction solar cells. However, the development of perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple-junction technology faces several significant hurdles, including the development and integration of a stable high bandgap perovskite absorber into the monolithic structure. Key issues include light-induced halide segregation in mixed halide high bandgap perovskites and the risk of solvent damage to underlying layers during top-cell deposition. To overcome these challenges, we developed a high bandgap, inorganic perovskite absorber, CsPbI₂Br, using thermal evaporation at room temperature, eliminating the need for post-deposition annealing. The resulting perovskite films exhibited a bandgap of 1.88 eV and demonstrated good photostability without any signs of halide segregation under continuous illumination probed over 3 h. Additionally, thermal evaporation offers a scalable approach for large-scale production, further enhancing the potential for widespread adoption of this technology. This advancement enabled the incorporation of CsPbI₂Br perovskite films into a monolithic perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple-junction device as the top-cell absorber. Consequently, we developed the first triple-junction device with an all-inorganic perovskite top-cell absorber using the thermal evaporation technique, achieving an efficiency of 21%, with an open-circuit voltage of 2.83 V over an active area of 1 cm². The device underwent 100 h of fixed voltage measurement near maximum power point under ambient conditions without encapsulation. Remarkably, it not only withstood the measurement but also exhibited an improved efficiency of ~22% afterwards, further demonstrating the stability and reliability of our thermally evaporated CsPbI₂Br perovskite absorber-based inorganic solar cell for monolithic triple-junction perovskite/perovskite/silicon applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 7","pages":"782-794"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3923","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photovoltaics Literature Survey (No. 199)","authors":"Ziv Hameiri","doi":"10.1002/pip.3918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3918","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 6","pages":"726-732"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-Soaking Effects in High-Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells","authors":"Klara Kiselman,&nbsp;Jan Keller,&nbsp;Patrick Pearson,&nbsp;Kostiantyn Sopiha,&nbsp;Erik Wallin,&nbsp;Marika Edoff","doi":"10.1002/pip.3912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3912","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metastable behaviours with respect to light-soaking of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells have long been known and studied, but no explanation has yet been fully agreed on. In this study, silver alloying and its impact on light-soaking effects is explored in four CIGS and six (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se₂ (ACIGS) samples with high efficiency (17% to 21% before light-soaking). All were produced by co-evaporation and similar depositions protocols as the current world record device but with some variation. A variety of opto-electronic characterisation methods were used to explore the response to 24 h of light-soaking at 50°C. We found that (i) the open-circuit voltage increased for all ACIGS devices but decreased for the CIGS devices, (ii) the cells entered a state with higher doping and more tail states, and (iii) the effect was metastable and partially reverted after dark storage. While the improvement of the ACIGS cells saturates after 24 h in one-third of the irradiance at one sun, months are needed to reverse the open-circuit voltage change. Despite a higher doping after light-soaking, none of the samples' short-circuit current showed significant changes and the efficiency after light-soaking ranged from 15% to 22%. No long-range change in sodium or rubidium distributions was observed using glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy. In general, external radiative efficiency measurements showed that the nonradiative recombination loss is reduced after light-soaking in the ACIGS devices. However, the correlation to the measured voltage was not always straight forward, presumably due to the graded bandgap of the absorber.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 7","pages":"735-746"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3912","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher-Efficiency TOPCon Solar Cells in Mass Production Enabled by Laser-Assisted Firing: Advanced Loss Analysis and Near-Term Efficiency Potential","authors":"Xutao Wang,&nbsp;Jing Yuan,&nbsp;Xinyuan Wu,&nbsp;Jianjun Nie,&nbsp;Yanyan Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Zhang,&nbsp;Weiguang Yang,&nbsp;Feng Li,&nbsp;Bram Hoex","doi":"10.1002/pip.3921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3921","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cell is predicted to dominate the photovoltaic market from the year 2024. The TOPCon efficiency is steadily increasing both in the lab and high-volume production. A notable new manufacturing technology, laser-assisted firing, has been shown to enhance the power conversion efficiency (<i>PCE</i>) of TOPCon solar cells. This enhanced contact firing technique includes a traditional co-firing step, followed by a laser scanning process in conjunction with an applied reverse bias. In this work, we utilize the Jolywood Special Injected Metallization (JSIM), a laser-assisted firing process developed by Jolywood that is already used in high-volume production. The performance of cells from the JSIM process was evaluated by comparing them to the cells fabricated using the baseline (BL) single-step firing process. The JSIM solar cells exhibited a notably higher <i>PCE</i>, approximately 0.58%_abs greater, compared with the BL cells. Detailed characterization demonstrated that the front (~280 fA/cm²) and rear (~98 fA/cm²) contact recombination of baseline (BL) cells are higher than those of JSIM cells (~88 fA/cm² and ~21 fA/cm², respectively), which is also the main advantages of the JSIM technology. Quokka 3 simulations were utilized to quantify the impact of the various improvements on the final solar cell performance. With the utilization of JSIM technology, contact recombination is no longer the primary source of power loss across the cell. Finally, the simulated results illustrated that the <i>PCE</i> of industrial JSIM cells could further be enhanced by ~0.3%_abs through optimizing the front screen pattern. This work clearly demonstrates the feasibility of laser-assisted firing in high-volume production, enabling significantly higher efficiency TOPCon solar cells by significantly reducing silicon-metal recombination. Consequently, laser-assisted firing increases the practical efficiency limit of TOPCon solar cells, bringing them close to levels that were previously only envisioned for heterojunction silicon solar cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 7","pages":"771-781"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3921","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Robustness Against Thermal Stress for Building-Integrated PV Modules Built on Aluminum Façade Elements","authors":"Wiebke Wirtz,&nbsp;Kevin Meyer,&nbsp;Rolf Brendel,&nbsp;Henning Schulte-Huxel","doi":"10.1002/pip.3915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3915","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The combination of materials from the photovoltaics (PV) industry and the building industry is often a challenge for building-integrated PV (BIPV). In this work, we combine typical materials for PV module manufacturing with aluminum, a common façade material. We build BIPV modules with crystalline silicon solar cells by directly laminating the solar cell strings on aluminum façade elements. Silicon and aluminum differ twice as much in thermal expansion coefficients than silicon and glass do. This induces high mechanical stress in the BIPV modules when the temperature varies during processing or operation. As a consequence, copper wires interconnecting the silicon solar cells might be ripped off the solar cells or even break. This work analyzes the degradation behavior of such BIPV modules with aluminum sheets on the rear side under variations in temperature. Horizontal crimps in the interconnectors in between the solar cells reduce thermal stresses and prevent the interconnectors from ripping off. Therefore, the horizontal crimps improve the reliability of BIPV modules built on aluminum façade elements. The relative remaining module power after 200 thermal cycles between −40°C and +85°C increases from 92.2% without horizontal crimps to 97.8% with strain relief by horizontal crimps for BIPV modules made of 10 half-cut silicon solar cells that are directly laminated on aluminum sheets.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 6","pages":"717-725"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcell-Resolved EQE Method Using Reverse Voltage Biasing for Multijunction Photovoltaics With Overlapping Subcell Absorptance","authors":"Meghan N. Beattie,&nbsp;Michael Schachtner,&nbsp;Gerald Siefer,&nbsp;David Lackner,&nbsp;Oliver Höhn,&nbsp;Karin Hinzer,&nbsp;Henning Helmers","doi":"10.1002/pip.3914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3914","url":null,"abstract":"<p>External quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements of individual subcells in multijunction photovoltaic devices are essential to evaluate current matching and to iterate the design process. The standard light biasing technique used to measure subcell EQE falls short when multiple subcells absorb within the same spectral region. In this work, we demonstrate a three-step reverse voltage biasing EQE method, which measures any number of subcells with overlapping absorptance: (1) A light bias is applied to generate current mismatch between the subcells. (2) Current–voltage (<i>I–V</i>) characteristics are measured into reverse bias, where the limiting subcell enters reverse-bias breakdown and the device current climbs to a plateau at the photocurrent of the next limiting subcell, producing a staircase <i>I–V</i> curve. (3) Each subcell EQE curve is measured using a voltage bias within its current plateau. We demonstrate this approach for a two-junction GaAs-based photonic power converter, comparing to the standard light biasing method and revealing better than 0.8% absolute agreement when the top junction is preferentially biased in the reverse voltage biasing method. We demonstrate the viability of the method by measuring the EQE of all subcells in a six-junction GaAs-based photonic power converter.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 7","pages":"747-756"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Top-Cell Ohmic Shunt Imaging in 2-Terminal Tandem Solar Cells by Differential Electroluminescence","authors":"Joël Wyttenbach,&nbsp;Muriel Matheron","doi":"10.1002/pip.3916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3916","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaic cells promise higher energy conversion efficiencies than silicon single junctions for reasonable additional production cost. However, they are more complex, due to the increased number of layers and to the perovskite material features regarding kinetic, stability, and surface homogeneity. Although measuring each subcell independently from each other is still a challenge, this work introduces a novel quantified electroluminescence (EL) imaging method of the top-cell ohmic shunt, a major issue in perovskite stacks. Device modeling, validated by experiments, led to ohmic shunt 2D resolution from differential EL measurements around 0.7 V, without optical filtering or spectral resolution. The shunt resistance maps of more than 60 cells were characterized, and the shunt quantification from these maps was consistent with electrical measurements. These maps provide relevant clues regarding ohmic defect origin by showing their strength, shape, and location. Applications range from lab-scale performance improvement and aging monitoring to manufacturing control including encapsulation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 7","pages":"757-770"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Recoverable and Non-Recoverable Potential-Induced Degradation-Shunted Cells in Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules","authors":"Ravi Kumar,&nbsp;Rajesh Gupta","doi":"10.1002/pip.3913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3913","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a severe degradation mechanism in crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) modules. In p-type c-Si PV modules, PID results in the formation of shunt paths on the front side of negatively biased cells relative to the grounded frame due to the diffusion of sodium ions (Na⁺), a phenomenon known as PID shunting (PID-s). Various methods for PID-s recovery, which involve the outward diffusion of Na⁺, have been reported. However, whereas some cells show almost complete recovery, others exhibit no recovery at all. Conducting PID-s recovery without knowing the recoverability of the cells is inefficient and wasteful; therefore, a method to identify recoverable and non-recoverable cells prior to recovery is needed. In this work, a method using current-resolved electroluminescence (EL) imaging is proposed to identify recoverable and non-recoverable cells in a PV module by evaluating their PID-s nature as ohmic or non-ohmic, which depends on the concentration of Na⁺ ions. A total of 90 cells from three different modules are subjected to PID-s degradation and recovery. The experimental results show varying degrees of PID-s loss and recovery among the tested cells. The analysis highlights that non-ohmic shunts exhibit greater recovery potential than ohmic ones, a finding further verified using dark lock-in thermography (DLIT). Furthermore, the proposed method qualitatively provides insights into the recovery potential of individual cells, establishing EL imaging as an effective tool for assessing PID-s severity and predicting recovery. This paves the way for future advancements in PID-s diagnostics and mitigation strategies within PV systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 6","pages":"703-716"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformations in Perovskite Photovoltaics: Film Formation, Processing Conditions, and Recovery Outlook","authors":"Bidisha Nath,&nbsp;Jeykishan Kumar,&nbsp;Sushant K. Behera,&nbsp;Praveen C. Ramamurthy,&nbsp;Debiprosad Roy Mahapatra,&nbsp;Gopalkrishna Hegde","doi":"10.1002/pip.3911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3911","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Organometallic halide perovskites have received significant attention due to their promising optoelectronic properties, particularly in photovoltaics. The formation process of perovskite films is crucial in determining their structural and functional characteristics. In this study, the effects of methylamine vapour treatment and vacuum annealing on enhancing the crystallinity, morphology and structural integrity of perovskite films are examined. Methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI)–based perovskite films are investigated, with a focus on their crystallographic structure, vibrational modes and their correlation with device performance. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 19.5% and 18.6% have been achieved using one-step and two-step processes, respectively. The influence of trap states, film homogeneity and interfacial properties has been analysed through capacitance, photoluminescence and electroluminescence measurements, with recombination behaviour linked to crystallographic properties. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of processing techniques in the rejuvenation of perovskite solar cells. Additionally, they offer guidance for optimising fabrication strategies to improve film quality, device performance, stability and long-term reliability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 6","pages":"689-702"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}