Progress in Photovoltaics最新文献

{"title":"Photovoltaics Literature Survey (No. 199)","authors":"Ziv Hameiri","doi":"10.1002/pip.3918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3918","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 6","pages":"726-732"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Robustness Against Thermal Stress for Building-Integrated PV Modules Built on Aluminum Façade Elements","authors":"Wiebke Wirtz,&nbsp;Kevin Meyer,&nbsp;Rolf Brendel,&nbsp;Henning Schulte-Huxel","doi":"10.1002/pip.3915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3915","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The combination of materials from the photovoltaics (PV) industry and the building industry is often a challenge for building-integrated PV (BIPV). In this work, we combine typical materials for PV module manufacturing with aluminum, a common façade material. We build BIPV modules with crystalline silicon solar cells by directly laminating the solar cell strings on aluminum façade elements. Silicon and aluminum differ twice as much in thermal expansion coefficients than silicon and glass do. This induces high mechanical stress in the BIPV modules when the temperature varies during processing or operation. As a consequence, copper wires interconnecting the silicon solar cells might be ripped off the solar cells or even break. This work analyzes the degradation behavior of such BIPV modules with aluminum sheets on the rear side under variations in temperature. Horizontal crimps in the interconnectors in between the solar cells reduce thermal stresses and prevent the interconnectors from ripping off. Therefore, the horizontal crimps improve the reliability of BIPV modules built on aluminum façade elements. The relative remaining module power after 200 thermal cycles between −40°C and +85°C increases from 92.2% without horizontal crimps to 97.8% with strain relief by horizontal crimps for BIPV modules made of 10 half-cut silicon solar cells that are directly laminated on aluminum sheets.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 6","pages":"717-725"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Recoverable and Non-Recoverable Potential-Induced Degradation-Shunted Cells in Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules","authors":"Ravi Kumar,&nbsp;Rajesh Gupta","doi":"10.1002/pip.3913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3913","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a severe degradation mechanism in crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) modules. In p-type c-Si PV modules, PID results in the formation of shunt paths on the front side of negatively biased cells relative to the grounded frame due to the diffusion of sodium ions (Na⁺), a phenomenon known as PID shunting (PID-s). Various methods for PID-s recovery, which involve the outward diffusion of Na⁺, have been reported. However, whereas some cells show almost complete recovery, others exhibit no recovery at all. Conducting PID-s recovery without knowing the recoverability of the cells is inefficient and wasteful; therefore, a method to identify recoverable and non-recoverable cells prior to recovery is needed. In this work, a method using current-resolved electroluminescence (EL) imaging is proposed to identify recoverable and non-recoverable cells in a PV module by evaluating their PID-s nature as ohmic or non-ohmic, which depends on the concentration of Na⁺ ions. A total of 90 cells from three different modules are subjected to PID-s degradation and recovery. The experimental results show varying degrees of PID-s loss and recovery among the tested cells. The analysis highlights that non-ohmic shunts exhibit greater recovery potential than ohmic ones, a finding further verified using dark lock-in thermography (DLIT). Furthermore, the proposed method qualitatively provides insights into the recovery potential of individual cells, establishing EL imaging as an effective tool for assessing PID-s severity and predicting recovery. This paves the way for future advancements in PID-s diagnostics and mitigation strategies within PV systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 6","pages":"703-716"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformations in Perovskite Photovoltaics: Film Formation, Processing Conditions, and Recovery Outlook","authors":"Bidisha Nath,&nbsp;Jeykishan Kumar,&nbsp;Sushant K. Behera,&nbsp;Praveen C. Ramamurthy,&nbsp;Debiprosad Roy Mahapatra,&nbsp;Gopalkrishna Hegde","doi":"10.1002/pip.3911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3911","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Organometallic halide perovskites have received significant attention due to their promising optoelectronic properties, particularly in photovoltaics. The formation process of perovskite films is crucial in determining their structural and functional characteristics. In this study, the effects of methylamine vapour treatment and vacuum annealing on enhancing the crystallinity, morphology and structural integrity of perovskite films are examined. Methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI)–based perovskite films are investigated, with a focus on their crystallographic structure, vibrational modes and their correlation with device performance. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 19.5% and 18.6% have been achieved using one-step and two-step processes, respectively. The influence of trap states, film homogeneity and interfacial properties has been analysed through capacitance, photoluminescence and electroluminescence measurements, with recombination behaviour linked to crystallographic properties. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of processing techniques in the rejuvenation of perovskite solar cells. Additionally, they offer guidance for optimising fabrication strategies to improve film quality, device performance, stability and long-term reliability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 6","pages":"689-702"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industrial-Scale Silicon Heterojunction Photovoltaic Module Towards 25% Efficiency Enabled by High-Quantum-Yield CaSrSiO4:Ce3+ Inorganic Downshifting Materials","authors":"Zehua Sun,&nbsp;Zhengyue Xia,&nbsp;Dengzhou Yan,&nbsp;Yuhui Ji,&nbsp;Wei Ji,&nbsp;Wenjun Gu,&nbsp;Changlin Ding,&nbsp;Chao Zhang,&nbsp;Tao Chen,&nbsp;Fangdan Jiang,&nbsp;Chen Yang,&nbsp;Wenzhu Liu,&nbsp;Guoqiang Xing,&nbsp;Jian Yu","doi":"10.1002/pip.3908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3908","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The market uptake of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar modules is projected to increase rapidly, which is expected to play a significant role in future sustainability. However, a major barrier to the mass production of SHJ solar modules is significant power degradation under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Here, we reported a 98.13% high-quantum yield and highly reliable CaSrSiO₄:Ce³⁺ UV-to-blue–violet downshifting (UV-DS) inorganic phosphor for photovoltaic applications, which could minimize UV-induced degradation, the levelized cost of energy, and the generation of photovoltaic module waste. The CaSrSiO₄:Ce³⁺ inorganic phosphor was synthesized via a solid-state reaction method, where Ce³⁺ ions preferentially occupy the 7-coordinated Ca site. As a proof of concept, an outstanding output power of 776.2 W and a module efficiency of 24.99% were achieved on 3.1 m² industrial-scale module. Only 2.49% power degradation was observed after 180 kWh/m² UV irradiation. A statistical lifetime assessment based on UV irradiance data of Chinese geographical locations proven that UV-DS encapsulants significantly enhanced the long-term stability of modules, with better power generation performance and economic and environmental characteristics. Our study offered a blueprint for designing SHJ photovoltaic modules sustainably and strategically for targeting geographic markets, mitigating one of the environmental risks associated with SHJ modules and accelerating practical application.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 6","pages":"678-688"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avoiding Fill Factor Losses in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 as a Bottom Cell in a Tandem Structure","authors":"Ana Kanevce,&nbsp;Stefan Paetel,&nbsp;Rico Gutzler,&nbsp;Dominik Bagrowski,&nbsp;Dimitrios Hariskos,&nbsp;Theresa Magorian Friedlmeier","doi":"10.1002/pip.3905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3905","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work aims to define the optimization criteria for Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) as a bottom cell in a tandem structure, and to emphasize the differences from optimizing the CIGS when operating alone. Reproducing the single-cell recipes and only lowering the band gap is insufficient to optimize the bottom cell. We identified that the lack of high-energy photons, which are absorbed by the top cell, can cause a severe fill factor (FF) loss, and thus diminish the photovoltaic performance. With nonoptimized buffer layers (CdS and ZnMgO), S-shaped current-density-voltage (JV) characteristics leading to a low FF and poor performance can be observed. The S shape can be eliminated within seconds of white-light exposure and does not return for hours. Therefore, this does not pose a significant problem for single-cell operation. In the bottom-cell application, as only the low-energy part of the spectrum is available, the properties of the buffer layer(s) become crucial and additional optimization is necessary. Filtered JV measurements after white-light exposure could lead to overseeing important optimization steps. We discuss the causes for an S-shaped curve under filtered illumination, pinpoint the bottlenecks in the bottom-cell performance, and present a way to mitigate the losses.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 6","pages":"669-677"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Spatially Resolved Evaluation of Accelerated Environmental Aging on Emerging Polypropylene-Based Photovoltaic Backsheets Using Raman Spectroscopy","authors":"Ashlee Aiello,&nbsp;Stefan Mitterhofer,&nbsp;Jan Obrzut,&nbsp;Karissa L. Jensen,&nbsp;Patryk Wąsik,&nbsp;Chiara Barretta,&nbsp;Gernot Oreski,&nbsp;Stephanie S. Watson,&nbsp;Lipiin Sung,&nbsp;Xiaohong Gu","doi":"10.1002/pip.3904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3904","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accelerated aging was used to assess environmental degradation in emerging co-extruded polypropylene (PP)-based backsheets under three different environmental conditions (65°C/20% relative humidity (RH), 75°C/20% RH, and 75°C/50% RH). Although differential scanning calorimetry did not measure crystallinity changes with exposure, spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy identified crystallinity increases in the core layer of aged samples, indicating a heterogeneous postcrystallization process. The Raman results were in agreement with synchrotron-based microfocused wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements. Cross-sectional nanoindentation was used to correlate localized crystallinity shifts with changes in Young's modulus. A similar trend was found where increased modulus was measured in the core layer, supporting the relationship between modulus and crystallinity. Finally, dielectric characterization was used to assess the impact of these material property changes on performance. While changes in the backsheet material properties and dielectric performance were observed with accelerated aging, these shifts generally equilibrated with time, indicating overall stability in response to environmental stressors. Additionally, the identified heterogeneous material property changes indicate that spatially resolved crystallinity measurements may be a valuable early failure indicator to be used in the assessment of PV backsheet long-term durability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 5","pages":"652-662"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Through the Application of Pure Natural Centella asiatica Extract Additives","authors":"Lung-Chien Chen,&nbsp;Qiming Zhao","doi":"10.1002/pip.3907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3907","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study initially employs Cs₀.₀₅FA₀.₈₁MA₀.₁₄PbI₂.₈₆Cl₀.₁₄ as the active layer for perovskite solar cells and explores the impact of using different concentrations of natural <i>Centella asiatica</i> (CICA) extracts mixed with chlorobenzene (CB) as anti-solvent in the one-step method of perovskite film preparation. <i>Centella asiatica</i> is rich in natural antioxidants and asiatic acid. It contains many hydroxyl ions, which are capable of capturing uncoordinated heavy metal Pb atoms. We found that devices made with 15% <i>Centella asiatica</i> extract mixed with CB achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE), increasing from 14.3% to 18.5%. Moreover, the devices maintained 85% of their initial efficiency after being stored in a glove box for 25 days.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 5","pages":"644-651"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photovoltaics Literature Survey (No. 198)","authors":"Ziv Hameiri","doi":"10.1002/pip.3902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3902","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 4","pages":"591-594"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Synthesis of Cu2(Zn,Cd)SnS4 at High Temperatures as a Route for High-Efficiency Solar Cells","authors":"Outman El Khouja,&nbsp;Yuancai Gong,&nbsp;Alex Jimenez-Arguijo,&nbsp;Maykel Jimenez Guerra,&nbsp;Axel Gon Medaille,&nbsp;Romain Scaffidi,&nbsp;Arindam Basak,&nbsp;Cristian Radu,&nbsp;Denis Flandre,&nbsp;Bart Vermang,&nbsp;Sergio Giraldo,&nbsp;Marcel Placidi,&nbsp;Zacharie Jehl Li-Kao,&nbsp;Aurelian Catalin Galca,&nbsp;Edgardo Saucedo","doi":"10.1002/pip.3899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3899","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present research explores for the first time the intricate relationship between sulfurization temperature at unusual high temperatures (up to 700°C) and the structural/optoelectronic properties of Cu₂(Zn,Cd)SnS₄ (CZCTS) thin films, synthesized via a two-step sequential process involving the precursor film deposition using aprotic molecular ink followed by thermal treatment in sulfur atmosphere. X-ray diffraction patterns confirms the tetragonal structure. Scanning Electron Micrographs revealed significant grain growth, with grain sizes increasing from ~0.3 μm at 620°C to ~1.5 μm at 680°C, effectively reducing grain boundary recombination. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy demonstrated a Cu-poor and Zn-rich composition, with a consistent Cd incorporation of ~3.7 at%. Raman spectroscopy showcases the homogeneity and purity of the CZCTS crystalline structure. Precise control of the sulfurization temperature plays a crucial role in determining the photovoltaic characteristics of CZCTS-based solar cells. By increasing the grain size and preventing the thermal decomposition of the CZTS phase, the photovoltaic performance peaked at a sulfurization temperature of 680°C, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.4%, with an open-circuit voltage of 0.701 V, a short-circuit current density of 24.3 mA/cm² and a fill factor of 60.8%. External quantum efficiency reached a maximum of 83.3% at 580 nm. The bandgap of the CZCTS absorber was determined to be 1.48 eV, optimal for photovoltaic applications. However, further increasing the sulfurization temperature to 700°C resulted in a lower PCE of 8.5%, attributed to interface degradation and secondary phase formation. Temperature-dependent current–voltage measurements revealed a reduction in recombination losses, with an activation energy of 1.24 eV at the CZCTS/CdS interface, indicating effective defect passivation by Cd incorporation. The optimized films, sulfurized at 680°C, displayed an absorber thickness of ~1.2 μm after sulfurization, providing efficient light absorption and charge transport. The findings not only emphasize the critical role of sulfurization temperature in engineering CZCTS film and subsequently their functionality but also provide valuable insights for fine tuning their performance in the field of photovoltaic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 5","pages":"628-643"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}