Progress in Photovoltaics最新文献

{"title":"Photovoltaics Literature Survey (No. 200)","authors":"Ziv Hameiri","doi":"10.1002/pip.3932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3932","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 8","pages":"918-922"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Modeling of Solar Cells Having Short Lifetime Materials: Application to Kesterite Solar Cells","authors":"Sarah Youssef,&nbsp;Nouran M. Ali,&nbsp;Nadia H. Rafat","doi":"10.1002/pip.3934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3934","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Solar cells fabricated from short-carrier lifetime materials face efficiency limitations because of high recombination rates, particularly within the depletion region. Kesterite solar cells offer a promising alternative to conventional solar cells but suffer from short-carrier lifetimes. This work introduces a comprehensive analytical model applicable to such solar cells. We developed a novel approach to accurately represent the recombination rates of the carriers within the depletion region using a Gaussian function. This model overcomes the limitations of existing approximations and enables more precise dark current calculations. Additionally, we employed a fully analytical generation rate calculation based on the transfer matrix method for accurate photocurrent determination. The effectiveness of this model was validated by comparing its results with simulated and experimental data for kesterite solar cells, demonstrating excellent agreement in dark current and photocurrent, with maximum percentage errors of 1.9% and 1.7%, respectively. Beyond accuracy, the model also achieved a 75-fold improvement in computation speed compared to finite element method simulations. This highlights the effectiveness of the model in capturing the complex recombination processes within kesterite solar cells and in providing a valuable tool for understanding and optimizing the performance of solar cells based on short-lifetime materials, particularly kesterite-based devices with one-sided junction characteristics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 8","pages":"890-904"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Tied Bypass Diodes in Small-Area High-Voltage PV Module for Nearly Ideal Partial Shading Performance in Urban Applications","authors":"Luthfan Fauzan,&nbsp;Min Ju Yun,&nbsp;Yeon Hyang Sim,&nbsp;Hyekyoung Choi,&nbsp;Dong Yoon Lee,&nbsp;Seung I. Cha","doi":"10.1002/pip.3929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3929","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Urgent demand for renewable energy coupled with rapid urbanization and limited space in urban environments requires innovative photovoltaic (PV) module designs that can efficiently address significant power loss under shading. This research proposes small-area high-voltage (SAHiV) modules equipped with cross-tied bypass diodes at the module level. SAHiV modules are pseudo-high-voltage, low-current principle that improve the efficiency and reliability of PV modules under various shading conditions. This study involves extensive simulations with experimental validation to compare the performance of conventional, shingled, and SAHiV PV modules under the influence of various bypass diode connection configurations generally used at the array scale. In particular, five diode configurations are intensively considered with total cross-tied (TCT) modifications of level arrays to determine the optimal configuration. In addition, we tested the power output using the methods of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and fixed voltage under standard test conditions (V_STC). The results show that SAHiV PV modules substantially outperform conventional and shingled PV modules for maintaining high power under various shading conditions with nearly ideal PV performance in some TCT connections. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing bypass diode connections to improve PV system performance, safety, and lifetime and offer a practical solution to partial shading.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 8","pages":"874-889"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement Repeatability of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules in the Field","authors":"Xin Huang,&nbsp;Fengqin He,&nbsp;He Wang,&nbsp;Zewen Chen,&nbsp;Baojie Lv,&nbsp;Youzhang Zhu,&nbsp;Haibo Niu,&nbsp;Hong Yang","doi":"10.1002/pip.3927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3927","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obtaining high-quality repeatability data is the basis for improving measurement precision. Due to the inherent instantaneous fluctuation nature of field test conditions, obtaining high quality repeatability measurement results of photovoltaic (PV) modules in the field is still challenging. In this paper, firstly, we defined repeatability of PV modules measurement in the field, including repeatability and relative repeatability of measured and standard test conditions (STC)-corrected electrical parameters for fielded PV modules. Because STC is quite difficult to directly obtain outdoors, the correction procedure 4 in IEC 60891:2021 is used to obtain module STC characteristics. Then, the effect of the correction procedure on repeatability of electrical parameters of PV modules in the field was studied. The results show that repeatability of electrical parameters is changed before and after correction process. The variation reason was revealed by the established repeatability error propagation model. It is remarkable that there exist module maximum power point offsets before and after module characteristics correction. Moreover, the covariance terms contribute significantly to repeatability variation for fielded PV modules. Finally, the effect of field test conditions variation on repeatability of electrical parameters of PV modules was studied. The relative repeatability precision of module STC maximum power between field and indoor measurements was also compared. It is found that there is a greater probability to obtain indoor-level repeatability results within 0.7–1.0 kW/m² irradiance ranges (3.29%–5.04%) than that within 0.3–0.7 kW/m² irradiance ranges (0.47%–2.90%) for PV measurements in the field. The obtained results in this paper can provide new insights into precise performance measurement of PV modules under dynamic outdoor environmental conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 8","pages":"854-873"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Different Types of Dust on Solar Glass Transmittance and PV Module Performance","authors":"Guido Willers,&nbsp;Nattakarn Sakarapunthip,&nbsp;Klemens Ilse,&nbsp;Surawut Chuangchote,&nbsp;Ralph Gottschalg","doi":"10.1002/pip.3930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3930","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The accumulation of dust on photovoltaic modules in arid and semiarid regions results in significant energy losses. However, evaluating these losses in different locations is complex, time-consuming, and expensive. To address this challenge, our study collected dust samples from various sites and conducted soiling experiments in the laboratory using standardized methods. The investigation correlated the transmittance loss (<i>T</i>_<i>loss</i>), short-circuit current loss (<i>Isc</i>_<i>loss</i>), and dust density with the surface coverage. As a result of this analysis, a direct and precise comparison of the individual soiling losses is possible based on the gradient of the correlation lines. Additional characterization of the dust enables an exact allocation of the soiling losses to the chemical composition, optical properties, water content, and particle size. Our study used dust samples from Morocco, Qatar, and two from Thailand. The data analysis indicates that three dusts exhibit a comparable slope in soiling loss relative to surface coverage. However, one dust from Thailand has a significantly higher slope of 12.8% in transmittance loss. A comparative evaluation of the <i>Isc</i>_<i>loss</i> reveals an identical ranking. A root cause analysis identified the differences in the soiling behavior through detailed dust characterization. In addition, the calculated <i>Isc</i>_<i>loss</i> based on the transmission measurements showed a discrepancy between measured and calculated <i>Isc</i>_<i>loss</i>. The deviation is quantified, and possible causes are described. The newly evaluated evidence of the different correlation slopes between the measurement methods not only contributes significantly to our understanding of the effects of dust on photovoltaic systems but also has practical implications. These findings will guide further development and refinement of mathematical models, potentially optimizing the efficiency and performance of photovoltaic systems in arid and semiarid regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 8","pages":"844-853"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar Cell Efficiency Tables (Version 66)","authors":"Martin A. Green,&nbsp;Ewan D. Dunlop,&nbsp;Masahiro Yoshita,&nbsp;Nikos Kopidakis,&nbsp;Karsten Bothe,&nbsp;Gerald Siefer,&nbsp;Xiaojing Hao,&nbsp;Jessica Yajie Jiang","doi":"10.1002/pip.3919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3919","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since January 2025 are reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 7","pages":"795-810"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3919","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual Degradation Rates of Five Types of Photovoltaic Technologies Over 12 Years","authors":"Tetsuyuki Ishii,&nbsp;Yasuo Chiba,&nbsp;Minoru Akitomi,&nbsp;Ritsuko Sato,&nbsp;Sungwoo Choi,&nbsp;Atsushi Masuda","doi":"10.1002/pip.3925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3925","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term reliability of various photovoltaic technologies in Japan under humid subtropical climatic conditions. The five investigated technologies were p-type aluminum back surface field (Al-BSF) single-crystalline silicon (p-type Al-BSF sc-Si), p-type Al-BSF multi-crystalline silicon (p-type Al-BSF mc-Si), copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS), hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), and a-Si:H and hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon tandem (a-Si:H/μc-Si:H) photovoltaic modules. The monthly performance ratio (PR) was calculated based on the power outputs of the photovoltaic arrays and global solar irradiance in the same plane as the photovoltaic arrays, which were measured at 10-min intervals over 12 years. The PR was corrected to 25°C (PR_<i>T</i>=25) as defined by the standard test conditions. Furthermore, the power outputs of all the photovoltaic modules were measured by a pulsed solar simulator (indoor flash testing) from 2012 to 2019. The PR and PR_<i>T</i>=25 values showed that the annual degradation rates of the p-type Al-BSF sc-Si, p-type Al-BSF mc-Si, CIGS, a-Si:H/μc-Si:H, and a-Si:H photovoltaic modules were approximately 0.0%/year, 0.2%/year, 1.1%/year, 0.6%/year, and 1.2%/year, respectively, which were consistent with the results of the indoor flash testing. These results indicate that p-type Al-BSF sc-Si and mc-Si photovoltaic modules can show little annual degradation and should retain high, stable power generation performance for over 20 years. In contrast, the higher annual degradation rates of the investigated thin-film photovoltaic technologies suggest that they did not maintain performance of over 90% of the nominal power outputs even for 12 years.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 8","pages":"828-843"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traceable Efficiency Determination of Large-Area Perovskite on Silicon Tandem Modules—Insights From a Calibration Laboratories Perspective","authors":"David Chojniak,&nbsp;Alexandra Schmid,&nbsp;Jochen Hohl-Ebinger,&nbsp;Gerald Siefer,&nbsp;Stefan W. Glunz","doi":"10.1002/pip.3928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3928","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As the perovskite on silicon solar cell technology strives towards commercialization, the need to produce large-area devices increases and so does the necessity to traceably determine their efficiency. However, suitable measurement procedures and consequently efficiencies of such devices are rarely published. Due to metastability and the two-terminal tandem architecture, high demands are set on measurement procedures and the equipment used. In this publication, we present a measurement procedure which is fully built on a light emitting diode (LED)-based solar simulator. Besides power measurements, the procedure includes a full module EQE measurement, determination of temperature coefficients as well as investigations under various spectral conditions. We therefore present an approach to conduct a complete tandem module calibration using a single measurement setup by utilizing the spectral variability of the LED solar simulator. The introduced procedure is exemplarily carried out on a large-area perovskite on silicon tandem module which achieves an efficiency of 25%.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 8","pages":"815-827"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3928","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Updated Simplified Energy Yield Model for Recent Photovoltaic Module Technologies","authors":"Anatoli Chatzipanagi,&nbsp;Nigel Taylor,&nbsp;Ismael Medina Suarez,&nbsp;Ana M. Martinez,&nbsp;Teodora S. Lyubenova,&nbsp;Ewan D. Dunlop","doi":"10.1002/pip.3926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3926","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The European Commission's Photovoltaic Geographic Information System (PVGIS) uses a simplified solar energy yield model to provide quick and reliable data on the potential performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems. This study looks at the recalibration of the model for modern module technologies, using power matrix datasets produced by the European Solar test Installation (ESTI) for seven crystalline silicon (cSi), two cadmium telluride (CdTe) and three copper indium diselenide (CIS) modules. The results show that the PVGIS power performance model with updated coefficients can provide a good description of the power output of the modern crystalline silicon (cSi) modules, with a mean absolute bias error (MABE) of less than 1% in almost all cases, against an MABE of over 3.5% with the current coefficients. The updated coefficients allow the model to better capture the improved temperature coefficients and low light performance. As a result, there will be a slight increase in the energy yield estimates. For the thin film technologies, the updated coefficients allow for a more accurate description of current data sets, but more data for modules from recent production series would be desirable to further increase the model's applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 8","pages":"905-917"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photostable Inorganic Perovskite Absorber via Thermal Evaporation for Monolithic Perovskite/Perovskite/Silicon Triple-Junction Solar Cells","authors":"Yashika Gupta,&nbsp;Minasadat Heydarian,&nbsp;Maryamsadat Heydarian,&nbsp;Oussama Er-raji,&nbsp;Michael Günthel,&nbsp;Oliver Fischer,&nbsp;Clemens Baretzky,&nbsp;Patricia S. C. Schulze,&nbsp;Martin Bivour,&nbsp;Stefaan De Wolf,&nbsp;Stefan W. Glunz,&nbsp;Juliane Borchert","doi":"10.1002/pip.3923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3923","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monolithic perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple-junction solar cells have the potential to exceed the efficiency limits of perovskite/silicon dual-junction solar cells. However, the development of perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple-junction technology faces several significant hurdles, including the development and integration of a stable high bandgap perovskite absorber into the monolithic structure. Key issues include light-induced halide segregation in mixed halide high bandgap perovskites and the risk of solvent damage to underlying layers during top-cell deposition. To overcome these challenges, we developed a high bandgap, inorganic perovskite absorber, CsPbI₂Br, using thermal evaporation at room temperature, eliminating the need for post-deposition annealing. The resulting perovskite films exhibited a bandgap of 1.88 eV and demonstrated good photostability without any signs of halide segregation under continuous illumination probed over 3 h. Additionally, thermal evaporation offers a scalable approach for large-scale production, further enhancing the potential for widespread adoption of this technology. This advancement enabled the incorporation of CsPbI₂Br perovskite films into a monolithic perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple-junction device as the top-cell absorber. Consequently, we developed the first triple-junction device with an all-inorganic perovskite top-cell absorber using the thermal evaporation technique, achieving an efficiency of 21%, with an open-circuit voltage of 2.83 V over an active area of 1 cm². The device underwent 100 h of fixed voltage measurement near maximum power point under ambient conditions without encapsulation. Remarkably, it not only withstood the measurement but also exhibited an improved efficiency of ~22% afterwards, further demonstrating the stability and reliability of our thermally evaporated CsPbI₂Br perovskite absorber-based inorganic solar cell for monolithic triple-junction perovskite/perovskite/silicon applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 7","pages":"782-794"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3923","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}