Progress in Photovoltaics最新文献

{"title":"Failure Analysis of Polarization-Type Potential-Induced Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Minghui Li,&nbsp;Jun Zhou,&nbsp;Xiting Lang,&nbsp;Xirui Liu,&nbsp;Hao Tian,&nbsp;Junchuan Zhang,&nbsp;Jian Liu,&nbsp;Yongjie Jiang,&nbsp;Yangyang Gou,&nbsp;Mengjin Yang,&nbsp;Jichun Ye,&nbsp;Chuanxiao Xiao","doi":"10.1002/pip.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Potential-induced degradation (PID) presents a significant challenge to the long-term reliability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in commercial applications. Research on PID in PSCs is still in its early stages, and the polarization-type PID (PID-p) remains poorly understood. In this study, we used advanced microscopic techniques to investigate the underlying mechanisms of PID-p in PSCs. After 100 h of PID stress, the devices experienced severe performance loss, with efficiency reduced to 20.9% of its initial value. This degradation was primarily driven by a decrease in short-circuit current and fill factor, while the open-circuit voltage remained relatively stable. Our findings reveal that the accumulation of sodium ions at the glass/film interface triggers the formation of an electron inversion layer at the perovskite's bottom, leading to performance decline. Electrical and mechanical characterizations further confirm changes in material properties, particularly at the hole transport layer/perovskite interface, contributing to the degradation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 9","pages":"1024-1031"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impacts of Extreme Weather Events on Photovoltaic Installations Using Remote Sensing Imagery","authors":"Kirsten Perry,&nbsp;Dirk C. Jordan,&nbsp;Quyen Nguyen","doi":"10.1002/pip.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, we analyze poststorm satellite imagery to assess solar photovoltaic (PV) damage for over 11,300 systems following a catastrophic hailstorm in Austin, TX, in September 2023, which produced softball-sized hail and for over 1500 systems across Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands after Hurricanes Irma and Maria in September 2017. Findings show that approximately 5.5% of identified PV sites were damaged in the hailstorm and approximately 17% of PV installations were damaged after the hurricanes. A weak correlation between hurricane wind gust speed and percent site damage was determined, with installation practices playing a heavy role in site resilience. Additionally, we show that newer module vintages are more susceptible to hail damage than older modules, possibly due to a convergence of larger size modules, decreased frame dimensions, and decreased front glass thickness but more research is needed. For hail sizes of 60 mm or greater, consistent hail damage is sustained by PV installations, regardless of system configuration.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 9","pages":"1012-1023"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Nano-Pyramid/Polish Hybrid Morphology Designed for High-Efficiency Passivated Contact Solar Cells","authors":"Baochen Liao,&nbsp;Sheng Ma,&nbsp;Reuben J. Yeo,&nbsp;Xinyuan Wu,&nbsp;Shuai Zou,&nbsp;Xiaodong Su,&nbsp;Wenzhong Shen,&nbsp;Guoqiang Xing,&nbsp;Bram Hoex","doi":"10.1002/pip.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In photovoltaic applications, the rear surface morphology of tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cells plays a critical role in their performance. However, traditional textured and polished surface morphologies both have limitations. This study introduces a hybrid nano-pyramid/polish morphology, combining a nano-pyramid structure on a polished surface. This new design aims to capitalize on the advantages of both textured and polished surfaces, achieving an optimal balance for TOPCon performance. The balance is achieved through an additional chemical solution treatment process. When applied to TOPCon solar cells, the hybrid structure outperforms both secondary-textured and polished morphologies in terms of optical absorption, passivation, and contact performance. The nano-pyramid/polish hybrid achieves a superior balance between light trapping, passivation, and contact quality. Furthermore, the study investigates the impact of rear surface morphology on film blistering, revealing that rougher surfaces are less prone to blistering. This is likely due to more favorable stress distribution in the SiO_x/poly-Si stack, enhancing mechanical stability. These findings demonstrate the compatibility of the hybrid nano-pyramid/polish morphology with TOPCon solar cells, offering a promising pathway to enhance efficiency. The insights gained may also benefit the development of other high-performance solar cell technologies, such as heterojunction (HJT) and silicon/perovskite tandem solar cells, advancing industrial photovoltaic applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 9","pages":"989-998"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Calibration of Injection-Dependent Carrier Lifetime From Time-Resolved Photoluminescence of Thin-Film Photovoltaic Semiconductors","authors":"Yan Zhu,&nbsp;Robert Lee Chin,&nbsp;Nursultan Mussakhanuly,&nbsp;Thorsten Trupke,&nbsp;Ziv Hameiri","doi":"10.1002/pip.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Time-resolved photoluminescence is widely used to measure the charge carrier lifetime of thin film semiconductor materials. Nevertheless, the essential injection dependency of the carrier lifetime, which is hidden in these measurements, is often neglected. In this study, a novel dynamic calibration method is proposed to extract injection-dependent carrier lifetime from time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. The proposed method is based on the combination of transient and steady-state measurements. The measured relative photoluminescence signal is converted into excess carrier concentration; thus, the injection dependency of the carrier lifetime can be extracted. The method is demonstrated experimentally using a perovskite thin film. The obtained injection-dependent lifetime can be used to investigate the recombination mechanisms within the sample and to predict the potential current–voltage curve of solar cells made from the film. The proposed method significantly expands the capability of time-resolved photoluminescence and provides numerous applications for a wide range of emerging photovoltaic materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 9","pages":"980-988"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stretchable and Flexible Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules Embodying an Auxetic Rotating-Square Structure for Adjustable Transmittance","authors":"Chen Cao,&nbsp;Tasmiat Rahman,&nbsp;Stuart A. Boden","doi":"10.1002/pip.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work describes the segmentation of commercial crystalline silicon solar cells into smaller sections and their subsequent restructuring into interconnected arrays, based on an auxetic rotating-square architecture, to produce a lightweight, flexible and stretchable solar module. As expected, the sectioning of the solar cells reduces their power conversion efficiency due to increased carrier recombination at the sawn edges. However, average cell section efficiencies are shown to be less than 1.8% lower than the original cells. Output voltage and current can be tailored according to the combination of series or parallel connections between solar cell sections in the design. Due to the negative Poisson's ratio of the auxetic structure, bidirectional expansion with uniaxial stretching is achieved, opening gaps in the module, which allows the light transmittance to be adjusted. Mechanical tests reveal that the structures are robust to repeated cycles of expansion and relaxation, aided by the joint rotation mechanism of expansion that avoids excessive strain on the joint material. The modules are fully expanded when each cell section is rotated by 45°. In this expanded state, modules made of 31.75 mm × 31.75 mm solar cell sections have a strain of 67% and transmittance of 41.9%. Modules incorporating the smaller 20 mm × 20 mm cell sections have a maximum strain of 60%, with a corresponding transmittance of 49.5%. A geometric model is used to show that by varying the design parameters, the transmittance maximum, minimum and range can be tuned, opening up various potential applications that include BIPV (e.g., partially shaded windows), AgriPV (e.g., greenhouse roofs), portable PV devices and wearables.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 9","pages":"999-1011"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Modeling of Solar Cells Having Short Lifetime Materials: Application to Kesterite Solar Cells","authors":"Sarah Youssef,&nbsp;Nouran M. Ali,&nbsp;Nadia H. Rafat","doi":"10.1002/pip.3934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3934","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Solar cells fabricated from short-carrier lifetime materials face efficiency limitations because of high recombination rates, particularly within the depletion region. Kesterite solar cells offer a promising alternative to conventional solar cells but suffer from short-carrier lifetimes. This work introduces a comprehensive analytical model applicable to such solar cells. We developed a novel approach to accurately represent the recombination rates of the carriers within the depletion region using a Gaussian function. This model overcomes the limitations of existing approximations and enables more precise dark current calculations. Additionally, we employed a fully analytical generation rate calculation based on the transfer matrix method for accurate photocurrent determination. The effectiveness of this model was validated by comparing its results with simulated and experimental data for kesterite solar cells, demonstrating excellent agreement in dark current and photocurrent, with maximum percentage errors of 1.9% and 1.7%, respectively. Beyond accuracy, the model also achieved a 75-fold improvement in computation speed compared to finite element method simulations. This highlights the effectiveness of the model in capturing the complex recombination processes within kesterite solar cells and in providing a valuable tool for understanding and optimizing the performance of solar cells based on short-lifetime materials, particularly kesterite-based devices with one-sided junction characteristics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 8","pages":"890-904"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Tied Bypass Diodes in Small-Area High-Voltage PV Module for Nearly Ideal Partial Shading Performance in Urban Applications","authors":"Luthfan Fauzan,&nbsp;Min Ju Yun,&nbsp;Yeon Hyang Sim,&nbsp;Hyekyoung Choi,&nbsp;Dong Yoon Lee,&nbsp;Seung I. Cha","doi":"10.1002/pip.3929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3929","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Urgent demand for renewable energy coupled with rapid urbanization and limited space in urban environments requires innovative photovoltaic (PV) module designs that can efficiently address significant power loss under shading. This research proposes small-area high-voltage (SAHiV) modules equipped with cross-tied bypass diodes at the module level. SAHiV modules are pseudo-high-voltage, low-current principle that improve the efficiency and reliability of PV modules under various shading conditions. This study involves extensive simulations with experimental validation to compare the performance of conventional, shingled, and SAHiV PV modules under the influence of various bypass diode connection configurations generally used at the array scale. In particular, five diode configurations are intensively considered with total cross-tied (TCT) modifications of level arrays to determine the optimal configuration. In addition, we tested the power output using the methods of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and fixed voltage under standard test conditions (V_STC). The results show that SAHiV PV modules substantially outperform conventional and shingled PV modules for maintaining high power under various shading conditions with nearly ideal PV performance in some TCT connections. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing bypass diode connections to improve PV system performance, safety, and lifetime and offer a practical solution to partial shading.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 8","pages":"874-889"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement Repeatability of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules in the Field","authors":"Xin Huang,&nbsp;Fengqin He,&nbsp;He Wang,&nbsp;Zewen Chen,&nbsp;Baojie Lv,&nbsp;Youzhang Zhu,&nbsp;Haibo Niu,&nbsp;Hong Yang","doi":"10.1002/pip.3927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3927","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obtaining high-quality repeatability data is the basis for improving measurement precision. Due to the inherent instantaneous fluctuation nature of field test conditions, obtaining high quality repeatability measurement results of photovoltaic (PV) modules in the field is still challenging. In this paper, firstly, we defined repeatability of PV modules measurement in the field, including repeatability and relative repeatability of measured and standard test conditions (STC)-corrected electrical parameters for fielded PV modules. Because STC is quite difficult to directly obtain outdoors, the correction procedure 4 in IEC 60891:2021 is used to obtain module STC characteristics. Then, the effect of the correction procedure on repeatability of electrical parameters of PV modules in the field was studied. The results show that repeatability of electrical parameters is changed before and after correction process. The variation reason was revealed by the established repeatability error propagation model. It is remarkable that there exist module maximum power point offsets before and after module characteristics correction. Moreover, the covariance terms contribute significantly to repeatability variation for fielded PV modules. Finally, the effect of field test conditions variation on repeatability of electrical parameters of PV modules was studied. The relative repeatability precision of module STC maximum power between field and indoor measurements was also compared. It is found that there is a greater probability to obtain indoor-level repeatability results within 0.7–1.0 kW/m² irradiance ranges (3.29%–5.04%) than that within 0.3–0.7 kW/m² irradiance ranges (0.47%–2.90%) for PV measurements in the field. The obtained results in this paper can provide new insights into precise performance measurement of PV modules under dynamic outdoor environmental conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 8","pages":"854-873"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Different Types of Dust on Solar Glass Transmittance and PV Module Performance","authors":"Guido Willers,&nbsp;Nattakarn Sakarapunthip,&nbsp;Klemens Ilse,&nbsp;Surawut Chuangchote,&nbsp;Ralph Gottschalg","doi":"10.1002/pip.3930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3930","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The accumulation of dust on photovoltaic modules in arid and semiarid regions results in significant energy losses. However, evaluating these losses in different locations is complex, time-consuming, and expensive. To address this challenge, our study collected dust samples from various sites and conducted soiling experiments in the laboratory using standardized methods. The investigation correlated the transmittance loss (<i>T</i>_<i>loss</i>), short-circuit current loss (<i>Isc</i>_<i>loss</i>), and dust density with the surface coverage. As a result of this analysis, a direct and precise comparison of the individual soiling losses is possible based on the gradient of the correlation lines. Additional characterization of the dust enables an exact allocation of the soiling losses to the chemical composition, optical properties, water content, and particle size. Our study used dust samples from Morocco, Qatar, and two from Thailand. The data analysis indicates that three dusts exhibit a comparable slope in soiling loss relative to surface coverage. However, one dust from Thailand has a significantly higher slope of 12.8% in transmittance loss. A comparative evaluation of the <i>Isc</i>_<i>loss</i> reveals an identical ranking. A root cause analysis identified the differences in the soiling behavior through detailed dust characterization. In addition, the calculated <i>Isc</i>_<i>loss</i> based on the transmission measurements showed a discrepancy between measured and calculated <i>Isc</i>_<i>loss</i>. The deviation is quantified, and possible causes are described. The newly evaluated evidence of the different correlation slopes between the measurement methods not only contributes significantly to our understanding of the effects of dust on photovoltaic systems but also has practical implications. These findings will guide further development and refinement of mathematical models, potentially optimizing the efficiency and performance of photovoltaic systems in arid and semiarid regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 8","pages":"844-853"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar Cell Efficiency Tables (Version 66)","authors":"Martin A. Green,&nbsp;Ewan D. Dunlop,&nbsp;Masahiro Yoshita,&nbsp;Nikos Kopidakis,&nbsp;Karsten Bothe,&nbsp;Gerald Siefer,&nbsp;Xiaojing Hao,&nbsp;Jessica Yajie Jiang","doi":"10.1002/pip.3919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3919","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since January 2025 are reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 7","pages":"795-810"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3919","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}