Progress in Photovoltaics最新文献

{"title":"PHOTOVOLTAICS LITERATURE SURVEY (No. 195)","authors":"Ziv Hameiri","doi":"10.1002/pip.3874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3874","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 1","pages":"245-250"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilayered Phosphorus-Doped Polysilicon Passivating Contact Structures for TOPCon Solar Cell Applications","authors":"Wenhao Chen,&nbsp;Jiale Cao,&nbsp;Weiqing Liu,&nbsp;Ligang Yuan,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Yu,&nbsp;Xinxin Liu,&nbsp;Yimao Wan","doi":"10.1002/pip.3879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3879","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of single-layer polysilicon (poly-Si) in tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) structures has demonstrated excellent passivation and contact performance. However, commercial TOPCon solar cell fabrication requires screen-printing and cofiring techniques for electrode preparation. The single-layer structure is less efficient at preventing metal atoms in the electrode paste from penetrating the silicon bulk. Furthermore, the uniformity of doping concentration and crystallinity within this structure poses challenges as it fails to optimally meet the intricate requirements for achieving superior performance in terms of passivation, contact, and mitigating parasitic absorption. In this study, the deposition process of the amorphous silicon (a-Si) precursor layer using an in-line magnetron sputtering system incorporated an additional plasma oxidation step, resulting in a bilayer poly-Si structure with the newly introduced SiO_x acting as a partition. Detailed investigations were conducted into the passivation quality, contact resistivity, crystallinity, and the distribution of critical atoms in the bilayer structure. Subsequently, the bilayer configuration was utilized in the manufacturing process of TOPCon solar cells. These efforts resulted in a notable enhancement in open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i>_oc) and short-circuit current (<i>I</i>_sc), leading to a 0.06% efficiency improvement, based on the average performance of ~200 cells per group.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 4","pages":"513-521"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonuniformity of Irradiation Distribution on Vehicles' Bodies","authors":"Evgenii Sovetkin,&nbsp;Michael Gordon,&nbsp;Neel Patel,&nbsp;Andreas Gerber,&nbsp;Angèle Reinders,&nbsp;Robby Peibst,&nbsp;Bart E. Pieters","doi":"10.1002/pip.3876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3876","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nonuniformity of irradiation in photovoltaic (PV) modules causes a current mismatch in the cells, which leads to energy losses. In the context of vehicle-integrated PV (VIPV), the nonuniformity is typically studied for the self-shading effect caused by the curvature of modules. This study uncovers the impact of topography on the distribution of sunlight on vehicle surfaces, focusing on two distinct scenarios: the flat-surface cargo area of a small delivery truck and the entire body of a commercial passenger vehicle. We employ a commuter pattern driving profile in Germany and a broader analysis incorporating random sampling of various road types and locations across 17,000 km² in Europe and 59,000 km² in the United States using LIDAR-derived topography and OpenStreetMap data. Our findings quantify irradiation inhomogeneity patterns shaped by the geographic landscape, road configurations, urban planning, and vegetation. The research identifies topography as the primary factor affecting irradiation distribution uniformity, with the vehicle's surface orientation and curvature serving as secondary influencers. The most significant variation occurs on vertical surfaces of the vehicle in residential areas, with the lower parts receiving up to 35% less irradiation than the top part of the car. These insights may be used to improve the design and efficiency of vehicle-integrated photovoltaic systems, optimizing energy capture in diverse environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 3","pages":"489-505"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3876","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effect of Ag, Sb Dual-Cation Substitution on Cu2ZnSn (S, Se)4 High-Efficiency Solar Cells","authors":"Tianyue Wang,&nbsp;Yingrui Sui,&nbsp;Chang Miao,&nbsp;Yue Cui,&nbsp;Zhanwu Wang,&nbsp;Lili Yang,&nbsp;Fengyou Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Liu,&nbsp;Bin Yao","doi":"10.1002/pip.3875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3875","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The poor crystal quality inside an absorber layer and the presence of various harmful defects are the main obstacles restricting the properties of Cu₂ZnSn (S, Se)₄ (CZTSSe) thin-film solar cells. Cation doping has attracted considerable research attention as a viable strategy to overcome this challenge. In this paper, based on Sb-substituted CZTSSe system, we prove that Ag partially substituting Cu may be a feasible strategy. After a series of characterization of the films, it was discovered that the crystal quality and crystallinity of the films were further improved by introducing Ag into Cu₂Zn(Sb, Sn) (S, Se)₄ (CZTSSSe), and the concentrations of Cu_Zn accepter defects and 2[Cu_Zn + Sn_Zn] defect clusters were effectively inhibited. At the same time, the carrier concentration is increased. The results show that when the Ag doping ratio is 15%, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) reaches 8.34%, compared with the single-doped Sb element, the efficiency is increased by 24%. For the first time, this study investigates the collaborative effect of Sb, Ag dual-cation substitution in CZTSSe. The solar cell performance enhancement mechanism offers new potential for the advancement of CZTSSe thin-film solar cell technology in the future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 3","pages":"477-487"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Iron Contamination and Polysilicon Gettering on the Performance of Polysilicon-Based Passivating Contact Solar Cells","authors":"Zhongshu Yang,&nbsp;Rabin Basnet,&nbsp;Chris Samundsett,&nbsp;Sieu Pheng Phang,&nbsp;Thien Truong,&nbsp;Di Kang,&nbsp;Wensheng Liang,&nbsp;Anh Dinh Bui,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Tien T. Le,&nbsp;Daniel Macdonald,&nbsp;AnYao Liu","doi":"10.1002/pip.3873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3873","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over the past decade, silicon solar cells with carrier-selective passivating contacts based on polysilicon capping an ultra-thin silicon oxide (commonly known as TOPCon or POLO) have demonstrated promising efficiency potentials and are regarded as an evolutionary upgrade to the PERC (passivated emitter and rear contact) cells in manufacturing. The polysilicon-based passivating contacts also exhibit excellent gettering effects that relax the wafer and cleanroom requirements to some extent. In this work, we experimentally explore the impact of bulk iron contamination and polysilicon gettering on the passivation quality of the polysilicon/oxide structure and the resulting solar cells performance. Results show that both <i>n-</i> and <i>p-</i>type polysilicon/oxide passivating contacts are not affected by iron gettering, demonstrating robust and stable passivation quality. However, for a very high bulk iron contamination (1 × 10¹³ cm⁻³), the accumulated iron in the <i>p</i>-type lightly boron-doped emitter in crystalline silicon would degrade the emitter saturation current density. This can cause a reduction in both open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current. Meanwhile, this very high iron content (1 × 10¹³ cm⁻³) can further degrade the fill factor and temperature coefficient of the cells. On the other hand, for an initial iron content of 2 × 10¹² cm⁻³, which should be well above the iron level in the current industrial Czochralski silicon wafers, the resulting cells demonstrate similar performance as the control group with no intentional iron contamination. This work brings attention to both the benefits of polysilicon gettering effects as well as the potential degradation due to the accumulation of metal impurities in the <i>p</i>-type emitter region.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 3","pages":"463-476"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143381034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar Cell Efficiency Tables (Version 65)","authors":"Martin A. Green,&nbsp;Ewan D. Dunlop,&nbsp;Masahiro Yoshita,&nbsp;Nikos Kopidakis,&nbsp;Karsten Bothe,&nbsp;Gerald Siefer,&nbsp;Xiaojing Hao,&nbsp;Jessica Yajie Jiang","doi":"10.1002/pip.3867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3867","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since July 2024 are reviewed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 1","pages":"3-15"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photovoltaics Literature Survey (No. 194)","authors":"Ziv Hameiri","doi":"10.1002/pip.3857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3857","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In order to help readers stay up-to-date in the field, each issue of &lt;i&gt;Progress in Photovoltaics&lt;/i&gt; will contain a list of recently published journal articles that are most relevant to its aims and scope. This list is drawn from an extremely wide range of journals, including &lt;i&gt;IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Renewable Energy&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Journal of Applied Physics&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Applied Physics Letters&lt;/i&gt;. To assist readers, the list is separated into broad categories, but please note that these classifications are by no means strict. Also note that inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. If you have any suggestions please email Ziv Hameiri at &lt;span&gt;[email protected]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wang B, Chen Q, Wang MM, et al. &lt;b&gt;PVF-10: A high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle thermal infrared image dataset for fine-grained photovoltaic fault classification.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Applied Energy&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;376&lt;/b&gt;: 124187.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ozturk E, Ogliari E, Sakwa M, et al. &lt;b&gt;Photovoltaic modules fault detection, power output, and parameter estimation: A deep learning approach based on electroluminescence images.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Energy Conversion and Management&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;319&lt;/b&gt;: 118866.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Almora O, Lopez-Varo P, Escalante R, et al. &lt;b&gt;Instability analysis of perovskite solar cells via short-circuit impedance spectroscopy: A case study on NiO&lt;/b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;b&gt;x&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;b&gt;passivation.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Journal of Applied Physics&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;136&lt;/b&gt;(9): 094502.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;El Khoury M, Moret M, Tiberj A, et al. &lt;b&gt;Determination of light-independent shunt resistance in CIGS photovoltaic cells using a collection function-based model.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Journal of Applied Physics&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;136&lt;/b&gt;(2): 024502.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Li JC, Ji Q, Wang R, et al. &lt;b&gt;Charge generation dynamics in organic photovoltaic blends under one-sun-equivalent illumination detected by highly sensitive terahertz spectroscopy.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Journal of the American Chemical Society&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;146&lt;/b&gt;(29): 20312-20322.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sandner D, Sun K, Stadlbauer A, et al. &lt;b&gt;Hole localization in bulk and 2D lead-halide perovskites studied by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Journal of the American Chemical Society&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;146&lt;/b&gt;(29): 19852-19862.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Li Y, Wright B, Hameiri Z. &lt;b&gt;Deep learning-based perspective distortion correction for outdoor photovoltaic module images.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;277&lt;/b&gt;: 113107.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wang S, Wright B, Zhu Y, et al. &lt;b&gt;Extracting the parameters of two-energy-level defects in silicon wafers using machine learning models.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;277&lt;/b&gt;: 113123.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zhou YN, Zhang HH, Li ZF, et al. &lt;b&gt;Heavy boron-doped silicon tunneling inter-layer enables efficient silicon heterojunction solar cells.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Acs Applied Materials and Interfaces&lt;/i&gt; 2024; &lt;b&gt;16&lt;/b&gt;(35): 46889-46896.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Li WK, Zhou R, Wang YK, et al. &lt;b","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"32 12","pages":"950-956"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomous Intelligent Monitoring of Photovoltaic Systems: An In-Depth Multidisciplinary Review","authors":"M. Aghaei,&nbsp;M. Kolahi,&nbsp;A. Nedaei,&nbsp;N. S. Venkatesh,&nbsp;S. M. Esmailifar,&nbsp;A. M. Moradi Sizkouhi,&nbsp;A. Aghamohammadi,&nbsp;A. K. V. Oliveira,&nbsp;A. Eskandari,&nbsp;P. Parvin,&nbsp;J. Milimonfared,&nbsp;V. Sugumaran,&nbsp;R. Rüther","doi":"10.1002/pip.3859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3859","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents a comprehensive multidisciplinary review of autonomous monitoring and analysis of large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants using enabling technologies, namely artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), internet of things (IoT), unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and big data analytics (BDA), aiming to automate the entire condition monitoring procedures of PV systems. Autonomous monitoring and analysis is a novel concept for integrating various techniques, devices, systems, and platforms to further enhance the accuracy of PV monitoring, thereby improving the performance, reliability, and service life of PV systems. This review article covers current trends, recent research paths and developments, and future perspectives of autonomous monitoring and analysis for PV power plants. Additionally, this study identifies the main barriers and research routes for the autonomous and smart condition monitoring of PV systems, to address the current and future challenges of enabling the PV terawatt (TW) transition. The holistic review of the literature shows that the field of autonomous monitoring and analysis of PV plants is rapidly growing and is capable to significantly improve the efficiency and reliability of PV systems. It can also have significant benefits for PV plant operators and maintenance staff, such as reducing the downtime and the need for human operators in maintenance tasks, as well as increasing the generated energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 3","pages":"381-409"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3859","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outdoor Performance Monitoring Method for Degradation Studies of Perovskite Modules","authors":"Gianluigi Bovesecchi,&nbsp;Marcello Petitta,&nbsp;Marco Pierro,&nbsp;Antonio Agresti,&nbsp;Sara Pescetelli,&nbsp;Enrico Leonardi,&nbsp;Aldo Di Carlo,&nbsp;Cristina Cornaro","doi":"10.1002/pip.3860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3860","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper presents an outdoor performance monitoring method for degradation studies of perovskite modules, focusing on a large-area perovskite module (81.9 cm²) over a long-term monitoring campaign. The module underwent an industrial lamination process to prevent long-term degradation from environmental factors. The characterization procedure involved degradation correction and determining the temperature coefficients and electrical parameters of the module using initial days of measurements. The results demonstrated temperature coefficients for <i>I</i>_sc, <i>V</i>_oc, and <i>P</i>_m (<i>α</i>′, <i>β</i>′, and <i>γ</i>) of −0.071%·K⁻¹, −0.119%·K⁻¹, and −0.113%·K⁻¹, respectively, indicating a minimal temperature influence on this technology compared with conventional ones. Using this coefficient, the STC electrical parameters were retrieved from 1-min power output data, resolving the uncertainty of the indoor/outdoor IV curve measurements caused by the curve scan direction (JV hysteresis effect). We also highlight the initial remarkable capacity recovery effect of almost 16% during the first 2 days of operation. Additionally, a procedure that includes the IV curves analysis taken every 10 min and their translation to standard conditions has been implemented to evaluate the degradation of the module over the long-term outdoor campaign. The results show three different trends over the period.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 3","pages":"445-461"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daylight Photoluminescence Imaging: Quantitative Analysis of String Voltage Mismatch and Balancing Currents","authors":"Thorsten Trupke,&nbsp;Oliver Kunz,&nbsp;Juergen W. Weber","doi":"10.1002/pip.3866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3866","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Large-scale daylight photoluminescence imaging of crystalline silicon solar panels in utility-scale solar farms, whereby luminescence images of several hundred to thousands of panels are acquired simultaneously, was demonstrated by our group recently. Here, we demonstrate that photoluminescence images of large solar farm sections that are connected to the same central inverter uniquely contain quantitative information about voltage mismatch between series-connected strings of modules resulting from voltage variations between groups of modules. These voltage variations cause significant balancing currents between module strings when no or only low power is extracted from the solar farm. The impact of these balancing currents on the luminescence intensity is discussed. An analytical model to correct daylight photoluminescence images for these balancing currents is proposed and validated using experimental data.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"33 3","pages":"435-444"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}