Progress in Photovoltaics最新文献

{"title":"Trans-oceanic subsurface photovoltaic performance","authors":"Collin A. Krawczyk,&nbsp;Michael W. Shafer,&nbsp;Paul G. Flikkema,&nbsp;Rachel Rose Holser,&nbsp;Daniel Costa","doi":"10.1002/pip.3744","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pip.3744","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Utilization of marine photovoltaic energy is primarily focused on surface harvesting with limited photovoltaic cell implementations in submarine environments. Potential applications include marine wildlife telemetry devices, autonomous underwater vehicles, or remote sensing assets. In these applications, understanding the power at depth is critical, but there has yet to be a long-term study of cell performance in a realistic marine environment that spans time, geographic location, and depth. In this paper, we present photovoltaic assessments carried out by devices mounted to adult female northern elephant seals (<i>Mirounga angustirostris</i>) during their spring migrations in the Pacific Ocean with deployment times between 76 and 107 days. Encompassing a large geographic area between Santa Cruz, California, and the Aleutian Islands of Alaska during their migrations, elephant seal behavior allows for repeated depth profiles each day, making them an ideal host for subsurface power assessments. This paper presents the first longitudinal study of photovoltaic cell performance in the marine environment that spans location, time, and depth. This work discusses the calibration, data time alignment, and power calculations of these oceanic deployments. Deployment results, including power results and energy predictions from the data record, are presented up to 22 m in depth. We highlight how the recorded power data of these cells compares to previously published results and how depth impacts subsurface power and energy harvesting.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"32 3","pages":"172-185"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135251466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact on generation and recombination rate in Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cell for Ag2S and In2Se3 buffer layers with CuSbS2 back surface field layer","authors":"Pratibha Chauhan,&nbsp;Surbhi Agarwal,&nbsp;Vaibhava Srivastava,&nbsp;Sadanand Maurya,&nbsp;M. Khalid Hossain,&nbsp;Jaya Madan,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Pooja Lohia,&nbsp;Dilip Kumar Dwivedi,&nbsp;Asma A. Alothman","doi":"10.1002/pip.3743","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pip.3743","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For photovoltaic (PV) applications, the earth-abundant and non-hazardous Kesterite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) is a possible substitute for chalcopyrite copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). This research offers insight into the most innovative method for improving the performance of Kesterite solar cells (SCs) by using CuSbS₂ back surface field (BSF) and Ag₂S and In₂Se₃ as buffer layers, focuses on aligning energy bands, reducing non-radiative recombination, and improving open-circuit voltage (V_oc). The proposed cells are Ni/CuSbS₂/CZTS/In₂Se₃/ITO/Al and Ni/CuSbS₂/CZTS/Ag₂S/ITO/Al by adding interfaces. The optimized CZTS SCs with In₂Se₃ achieve a short-circuit current density (J_sc) of 30.274 mA/cm², fill factor (FF) of 89.15%, power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 31.67%, and V_oc of 1.173 V. With the Ag₂S buffer layer, PCE is 31.02%, FF is 88.61%, J_sc is 30.245 mA/cm², and V_oc is 1.157 V. These results depict the potential of CZTS-based SCs with improved performance compared with conventional structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"32 3","pages":"156-171"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical modeling and characterization of bifacial SiNx/AlOx dielectric layers for surface passivation and antireflection in PERC","authors":"Sofia Tahir,&nbsp;Rabia Saeed,&nbsp;Arslan Ashfaq,&nbsp;Adnan Ali,&nbsp;Khalid Mehmood,&nbsp;Nouf Almousa,&nbsp;Elsammani Ali Shokralla,&nbsp;Romulo R. Macadangdang Jr.,&nbsp;Anastasia H. Soeriyadi,&nbsp;Ruy Sebastian Bonilla","doi":"10.1002/pip.3745","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pip.3745","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this research, we analyzed the impact that the optical characteristics of dielectric surface passivation and antireflection coating schemes have on the performance of passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) silicon solar cells. We employed wafer ray tracer (WRT) and automate for simulation of heterostructure (AFORS-HET) simulations, as well as experimental characterization of fabricated thin film coatings. We investigated three distinct front surface morphologies: planar surface, upright pyramids, and inverted pyramids. Using WRT, we calculated the photogeneration current densities (J_G) for PERC devices with three schemes: (i) SiN_x/AlO_x as antireflection coating and passivation stacks on both the front and rear sides, (ii) SiN_x antireflection coating on the front side and AlO_x passivation layer on the rear side, and (iii) SiN_x/AlO_x as antireflection coating and passivation stacks on the front side with an AlO_x passivation layer on the rear side. Following simulation with optimal J_G, two schemes are experimentally evaluated: PECVD SiN_x (70 nm) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) AlO_x (15 and 25 nm). We confirmed the growth effects and optical properties using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, effective lifetime, and refractive index measurements. The most favorable electrical properties were obtained with SiN_x (70 nm, front) and AlO_x (25 nm, front and rear), where the AlO_x can be deposited via ALD bifacially on a single step, minimizing processing while maintaining passivation performance. Finally, we used AFORS-HET to simulate the maximum performance of PERC bearing such films. The results showed a V_oc = 0.688 V, J_sc = 41.42 mA/cm², FF = 84%, and packing conversion efficiency (PCE) = 24.12% as the optimal solar cell performance values.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"32 2","pages":"63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135829353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of inhomogeneous loads on the mechanics of PV modules","authors":"Pascal Romer,&nbsp;Kishan Bharatbhai Pethani,&nbsp;Andreas J. Beinert","doi":"10.1002/pip.3738","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pip.3738","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In contrast to homogeneous mechanical load according to IEC 61215, photovoltaic modules in the field are mainly exposed to inhomogeneous loads like snow or wind. This paper deals with such inhomogeneous loads using computational fluid dynamics and finite element method simulations. Temperatures different to room temperature and the choice of encapsulates have significant influences on the thermomechanics of a photovoltaic module in case of snow load. Polyolefin is the encapsulant with the lowest storage modulus and has the lowest overall stress in solar cells and glass down to −30°C. Furthermore, with colder temperatures, the first principal stress decreases in solar cells but increases in the glass. For wind loads, the impact of module orientation, wind direction, module inclination angle, and wind speed is analyzed. A crosswind scenario is found to be most critical. Additionally, as a rule of thumb, higher module inclination angles result in higher stresses. Finally, general thermomechanical rules are extracted allowing for a deeper understanding of the underlying effects and therefore help to build more robust modules in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"32 2","pages":"84-101"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3738","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136314674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curing conditions for low-resistivity contacts on transparent conductive oxide layers for different solar cell applications","authors":"Katharina Gensowski,&nbsp;Timo Freund,&nbsp;Maximilian Much,&nbsp;Kazuo Muramatsu,&nbsp;Sebastian Tepner,&nbsp;Florian Clement","doi":"10.1002/pip.3740","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pip.3740","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Cu (ln_1-xGa_x)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cell technology is a potentially high-efficient approach with unique properties compared with silicon photovoltaic, like flexible lightweight substrates and different colored designs. So far, the full potential of the transparent conductive oxide layers has not been exploited yet as no front contacts are applied, resulting in significant losses from the cell-to-module level. In this study, Ag front contacts are applied by parallel dispensing onto indium tin oxide layers of silicon heterojunction substrates and CIGS substrates. Subsequently, a thermally curing process is carried out to form the conductive contacts. The curing conditions are varied between 200°C ≥ T_c ≥ 100°C combined with 20 min ≥ t_c ≥ 1.5 min. The study aims to determine the curing parameters enabling low-resistivity contacts by using low-temperature curing Ag paste and ultralow-temperature curing Ag paste. The lateral electrode resistance and the contact resistivity of printed electrodes are measured. The results of simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (pastes) and microstructure analysis of printed electrodes are used to explain the electrical parameters of the printed electrodes. In general, higher curing temperatures and longer curing durations encourage the sintering and densification process of the applied electrodes resulting in low-resistivity contacts. Contact resistivities below ρ_c,TLM &lt; 5 mΩ·cm² and lateral electrode resistance of R_lateral ≥ 17 Ω m⁻¹ are obtained for different paste systems. However, optimal curing conditions of low-temperature curing pastes can cause thermal damage to the CIGS device. Therefore, ultralow-temperature curing pastes seem to be promising candidates for front contact metallization of CIGS substrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"32 2","pages":"102-114"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135203377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a graphene transparent conducting electrode for perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells","authors":"John O'Sullivan,&nbsp;Matthew Wright,&nbsp;Xinya Niu,&nbsp;Poppy Miller,&nbsp;Peter R. Wilshaw,&nbsp;Ruy S. Bonilla","doi":"10.1002/pip.3739","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pip.3739","url":null,"abstract":"Indium‐based transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) are a major limiting factor in perovskite/silicon tandem cell scalability, while also limiting maximum cell efficiencies. In this work, we propose a novel TCE based on electrostatically doped graphene monolayers to circumvent these challenges. The electrode is enabled by a thin film dielectric that is charged and interfaced to a graphene film, optimally exploiting electrostatic doping. The field effect mechanism allows the modulation of charge carriers in monolayer graphene as a function of charge concentration in the dielectric thin film. Electrostatic charge was deposited on SiO2 membranes, and graphene transferred onto them exhibited a reduction in sheet resistance because of the induced charge carriers. We show a reduction in sheet resistance of graphene by 60% in just 3 min of dielectric charging, without impacting the transmission of light through the film stack. Hall effect measurements indicated that the mobility of the films was not significantly degraded. The deposition of negative electrostatic charge reversed this effect, allowing for precise tunability of charge concentration from n‐ to p‐type. We develop a model to determine the required sheet resistance of a graphene TCE with 97% transmittance in a perovskite/silicon tandem cell. As the technique here reported does not impact transmittance, a graphene TCE with a sheet resistance below 50 Ω/□ could enable efficiencies up to 44%, presenting a promising alternative to indium‐based TCEs.","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"31 12","pages":"1478-1492"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3739","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134911508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of urban shadowing on the potential of solar-powered vehicles","authors":"Miguel Centeno Brito,&nbsp;Rodrigo Amaro e Silva,&nbsp;David Pera,&nbsp;Ivo Costa,&nbsp;Dmitri Boutov","doi":"10.1002/pip.3737","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pip.3737","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Solar-powered vehicles have the potential to reduce CO₂ emissions, operational costs and charging frequency needs of electric vehicles. This potential will depend on the local solar irradiation but also shadowing conditions, a relevant issue for urban contexts. The potential of solar-powered vehicles in the urban context is modelled for 100 cities across the world showing that the median solar extended driving range is 18 and 8 km/day/kWp for driving and parked vehicles, respectively. The most favourable geographies include Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia; nonetheless, solar-powered mobility has relevant potential across the full sample, including China, Europe, North America and Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Urban VIPV potential is assessed for 100 cities across the world.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Solar extended driving range varies between 11 and 29 km/day/kWp.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Charging frequency ratio ranges from 0% to 80%, with a median of 57%.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Urban shadowing reduces driving range by about 25% for driving vehicles.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"32 2","pages":"73-83"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136072648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHOTOVOLTAICS LITERATURE SURVEY (No. 185)","authors":"Ziv Hameiri","doi":"10.1002/pip.3735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3735","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In order to help readers stay up-to-date in the field, each issue of &lt;i&gt;Progress in Photovoltaics&lt;/i&gt; will contain a list of recently published journal articles that are most relevant to its aims and scope. This list is drawn from an extremely wide range of journals, including &lt;i&gt;IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Renewable Energy&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Journal of Applied Physics&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Applied Physics Letters&lt;/i&gt;. To assist readers, the list is separated into broad categories, but please note that these classifications are by no means strict. Also note that inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. If you have any suggestions please email Ziv Hameiri at &lt;span&gt;[email protected]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Parikh N, Akin S, Kalam A, et al &lt;b&gt;Probing the low-frequency response of impedance spectroscopy of halide perovskite single crystals using machine learning.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Acs Applied Materials and Interfaces&lt;/i&gt; 2023; &lt;b&gt;15&lt;/b&gt;(23): 27801–27,808.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Du HQ, Jiang Y, Rothmann MU, et al &lt;b&gt;Transmission electron microscopy studies of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites: Advances, challenges, and prospects.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Applied Physics Reviews&lt;/i&gt; 2023; &lt;b&gt;10&lt;/b&gt;(2): 021314.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;El Ainaoui K, Zaimi M, Assaid EM. &lt;b&gt;Innovative approaches to extract double-diode model physical parameters of a PV module serving outdoors under real-world conditions.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Energy Conversion and Management&lt;/i&gt; 2023; &lt;b&gt;292&lt;/b&gt;: 117365.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Korovin A, Vasilev A, Egorov F, et al &lt;b&gt;Anomaly detection in electroluminescence images of heterojunction solar cells.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Solar Energy&lt;/i&gt; 2023; &lt;b&gt;259&lt;/b&gt;: 130–136.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Panigrahi J, Pandey A, Bhattacharya S, et al &lt;b&gt;Impedance spectroscopy of amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells under dark and illumination.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Solar Energy&lt;/i&gt; 2023; &lt;b&gt;259&lt;/b&gt;: 165–173.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dwivedi P, Weber JW, Lee Chin R, et al &lt;b&gt;Deep learning method for enhancing luminescence image resolution.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells&lt;/i&gt; 2023; &lt;b&gt;257&lt;/b&gt;: 112357.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vallerotto G, Martín F, Macías J, et al &lt;b&gt;Collimated solar simulator for curved PV modules characterization.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells&lt;/i&gt; 2023; &lt;b&gt;258&lt;/b&gt;: 112418.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zhang HH, Zhang LP, Liu WZ, et al &lt;b&gt;Influence of intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layer on the dark-state stability of SHJ cells.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Applied Physics Letters&lt;/i&gt; 2023; &lt;b&gt;122&lt;/b&gt;(18): 182101.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hammann B, Assmann N, Weiser PM, et al &lt;b&gt;The impact of different hydrogen configurations on light- and elevated-temperature- induced degradation.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics&lt;/i&gt; 2023; &lt;b&gt;13&lt;/b&gt;(2): 224–235.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rocha D, Alves J, Lopes V, et al &lt;b&gt;Multidefect detection tool for large-scale PV plants: Segmentation and classification.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics&lt;/i&gt; 2023; &lt;b&gt;13&lt;/b&gt;(2): 291–295.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hao B, Song YM, Jiang CH, et al &lt;b&gt;Comparing single-, dou","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"31 10","pages":"1042-1047"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3735","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5957931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On outdoor testing procedures of large samples of PV modules","authors":"Eduardo Lorenzo,&nbsp;Rodrigo Moretón,&nbsp;Jorge Solorzano,&nbsp;Francisco Martinez-Moreno,&nbsp;Miguel del Pozo,&nbsp;Mikel Muñoz","doi":"10.1002/pip.3731","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pip.3731","url":null,"abstract":"<p>STC power control of PV module supply requires testing large samples of modules with low uncertainty. This paper analyses the feasibility of outdoor measurements with the modules kept at their operating positions. The classical procedure of recording <i>I-V</i> curves and translating them to STC in accordance with IEC-60891:2021 using the cell temperature directly observed at a few points of the rear of the module entails expanded uncertainties larger than 3% (k = 2), which is too much for this procedure being accepted in quality controls with contractual consequences. A convenient procedure for overcoming this barrier consists in comparing the <i>I-V</i> curves of a tested and a reference module of the same type, both working under the same operating conditions. The latter is mostly secured if they are in adjacent positions. However, when the procedure is applied to large samples of PV modules kept in their operating positions, the distance between both modules can reach tens of meters and significant inter-module temperature differences can arise. A method for counterbalancing these differences consists of correcting the measured power values by considering the temperature difference observed at the back-sheet centres of the tested and the reference modules. That also provides clues to estimating the uncertainty of the results. This procedure has been applied in seven testing campaigns, carried out at commercial PV plants. Dedicated instrumentation, based on two radio linked <i>I-V</i> tracers, allowing the simultaneous measurement of the <i>I-V</i> curves and of the temperature at the centres of the reference and the tested modules, has been developed for that. The resulting uncertainties are similar to those corresponding to high-quality solar simulators and low enough for dealing, in practice, with strict quality control requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"32 1","pages":"14-24"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77838340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soiling mitigation potential of glass coatings and tracker routines in the desert climate of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Muhammad Zahid Khan,&nbsp;Guido Willers,&nbsp;Abdullah Ali Alowais,&nbsp;Volker Naumann,&nbsp;Mark Mirza,&nbsp;Erik Grunwald,&nbsp;Hussam Qasem,&nbsp;Ralph Gottschalg,&nbsp;Klemens Ilse","doi":"10.1002/pip.3736","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pip.3736","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High levels of airborne dust, frequent dust storms and infrequent rain events are some of the reasons why soiling can drastically reduce the energy yield of photovoltaic modules in desert areas. There are ongoing and increasing efforts to identify appropriate and economically feasible strategies that can be used to mitigate soiling in deserts. Both innovative tracking with adapted resting positions during night and anti-soiling coatings (ASCs) are considered as potential solutions to reduce soiling. In this study, the individual mitigation potential of both ASC and tracking routines as well as the combination of the two approaches are investigated. For this, outdoor exposure tests were carried out in desert region of Saudi Arabia. Coated and uncoated glass samples were tested in different tilt configurations: fixed, 1-axis tracking with horizontal stowage (facing the sky) and 1-axis tracking with vertical stowage during the night. Both methods indicate significant soiling reductions, especially for the combined solution of ASC and tracking with vertical night stowage, where soiling losses can be reduced by up to 85%. In addition, it has been shown that the relative ASC performance can be improved when using vertical night stowage compared to fixed tilt or standard 1-axis tracking scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":223,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Photovoltaics","volume":"32 1","pages":"45-55"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pip.3736","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90368388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}