ParticuologyPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.029
Yuqing Li , Ningning Liao , Caibin Wu , Riqian Liu , Ji Wu , Zepeng Lin , Haowen Wu
{"title":"Effects of different grinding media on the interfacial properties and flotation mechanism of lepidolite grinding products","authors":"Yuqing Li , Ningning Liao , Caibin Wu , Riqian Liu , Ji Wu , Zepeng Lin , Haowen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grinding plays a fundamental role in determining flotation efficiency, as the morphology of grinding media directly influences mineral particle morphology and surface properties. This research systematically examines the impact of mill barrel materials and grinding media types on the flotation performance of lepidolite through comprehensive multi-scale characterization. Analytical results demonstrate that compared to conventional steel ball milling, ceramic ball milling generates products with coarser particle size distribution and substantially reduces the content of fine particles below 23 μm. Particularly noteworthy is the configuration combining ceramic mill barrel with ceramic balls (C + C), which effectively promotes the exposure of {001} cleavage planes, thereby significantly enhancing collector adsorption on mineral surfaces. SEM-EDS characterization identified substantial iron-rich flocculent coatings on particle surfaces processed in steel mill environments, whether using ceramic balls (S + C) or steel balls (S + S), which considerably hindered effective reagent adsorption. The C + C ground products exhibited the most pronounced positive potential shift upon collector addition, coupled with the lowest surface oxidation degree and minimal FeOOH formation. Comparative flotation tests ultimately verified that the C + C grinding approach enhanced lepidolite recovery by 10-20 % points. This work elucidates the interfacial mechanism through which media materials regulate cleavage plane exposure and iron contamination, providing a novel theoretical framework for media selection in silicate mineral processing. The findings offer crucial theoretical and practical guidance for optimizing grinding operations to improve lithium resource efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParticuologyPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.027
Afiqah Tasneem Abd Khalil, Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Yusop, Mohd Azmier Ahmad
{"title":"Remediation of oxytetracycline-contaminated aqueous solution utilizing functionalized coffee ground waste-derived activated carbon","authors":"Afiqah Tasneem Abd Khalil, Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Yusop, Mohd Azmier Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The removal of trace concentrations of oxytetracycline (OTC), a stable antibiotic prevalent in aquatic environments represents a significant environmental challenge. This study effectively removed it by utilizing a cost-effective copper-modified coffee ground waste activated carbon (Cu<sup>2+</sup>-CGWAC), designed specifically for an enhanced adsorption of dilute pharmaceutical pollutants. The modified adsorbent was synthesized via a simplified method involving microwave-assisted activation with CO<sub>2</sub> gasification. Optimization via response surface methodology (RSM) has identified 616 W radiation power, 4 min radiation time and 1.00 g/g modification impregnation ratio (IR) as optimal conditions. The resulting adsorbent yielded 23.04 mg/g OTC uptake (actual: 24.88 mg/g; error: 7.40 %) and 75.86 % yield (actual: 80.52 %; error: 5.79 %). Cu<sup>2+</sup>-CGWAC adsorbent exhibited a high surface area (904.56 m<sup>2</sup>/g by BET analysis) and pore volume (0.3711 cm<sup>3</sup>/g), with carboxyl group functionalization. Subsequently, batch adsorption analysis was conducted to study the effect of adsorbent dosage, contact time, OTC initial concentration, OTC solution temperature and pH on the OTC removal, achieving a complete removal (100%) with maximum adsorption uptake of 30 mg/g for low concentration OTC solutions. Adsorption followed pseudo-second order (PSO) kinetics model and Freundlich isotherm, indicating heterogeneous multilayer adsorption behaviour with RMSE of 0.80 and minimal error of 7.51 %. Thermodynamic analysis suggested a spontaneous and endothermic process, with positive values of entropy change (0.37 kJ/mol K), enthalpy change (81.17 kJ/mol) and Arrhenius activation energy value (8.76 kJ/mol). The tailored Cu<sup>2+</sup>-CGWAC demonstrates advancement in a simplified adsorbent design, outlining a cost-effective, robust and high-performance potential for dilute pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 11-26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sonochemical modification of clinoptilolite zeolite with iron species: Application to the remediation of methylene blue under photo-Fenton conditions","authors":"Natalia Sobuś , Magdalena Król , Koffi Simeon Kouadio , Jérémy Dhainaut","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a catalyst based on natural zeolite clinoptilolite (CLI), with iron oxide as the active center, was prepared following a two-stage method using ammonium exchange and subsequent metal deposition under ultrasonic irradiation for 40 min at 60 °C. This sonochemical approach significantly shortens the zeolite modification time and increases the specific surface area of the material from 35.4 to 169.5 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The iron-supported CLI was used to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. Simple adsorption removed about 40 % of the initial contaminant, while photo-Fenton conditions reached a removal efficiency of 90 % over 1 h. This result indicates that Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> species near the outer surface of the material effectively activate H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> upon exposure to UV radiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 58-69"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParticuologyPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.019
Han Chen , Tong Wu , Jinhao Zhang , Xiaozhong Fan , Wenping Ju , Jinxiu Chen , Lin Zhu , Haoxiong Nan , Shujing Ni , Peng Li , Long Kong
{"title":"Anion coordination strength mediated aluminum corrosion for high-voltage lithium-metal batteries","authors":"Han Chen , Tong Wu , Jinhao Zhang , Xiaozhong Fan , Wenping Ju , Jinxiu Chen , Lin Zhu , Haoxiong Nan , Shujing Ni , Peng Li , Long Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While high-voltage lithium-metal batteries are severely hindered limitations of active materials and electrolytes, the corrosion of aluminum (Al) current collector attract mild attention. In this work, the Al corrosion behavior mediated by anion is probed from the electrolyte solvation chemistry. The strong coordination strength of difluoro (oxalato)borate (DFOB<sup>−</sup>) anion effectively binds with Al<sup>3+</sup>, forming the contact ion pairs and aggregates structures. Compare with solvent-separated ion pairs, these structures with Al<sup>3+</sup> complex deposit more readily on Al surface, exhibiting excellent capability to inhibit Al corrosion. The performance of Li||NCM622 cells employing lithium salts that inhibit Al corrosion is improved. This result confirms the detrimental impact of Al corrosion on battery performance under high-voltage cell operation, contributing to a deeper understanding of that the strong coordination strength anion inhibits Al corrosion and provides valuable insights for designing electrolytes for high-voltage batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 50-57"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParticuologyPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.026
Minh Phuc Tran, Nhat Quang-Khoi Le, Anh Thi Le, Minh Thang Bui, Nguyen Da Huyen Vo, Thi My Dung Dang
{"title":"Uniform superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized via a hybrid coprecipitation–solvothermal method","authors":"Minh Phuc Tran, Nhat Quang-Khoi Le, Anh Thi Le, Minh Thang Bui, Nguyen Da Huyen Vo, Thi My Dung Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Controlling the size while maintaining its superparamagnetic behavior has been one of the key challenges in synthesizing magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanostructures. This study presents a facile hybrid coprecipitation–solvothermal route to synthesize uniform magnetite nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of phase-pure magnetite with an inverse spinel structure. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis verified the presence of a stable polyvinylpyrrolidone coating on the particle surface. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed spherical, well-dispersed Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs with a narrow size distribution centered at 22.92 <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></math></span> 3.16 nm. The NPs exhibited superior superparamagnetism at room temperature, characterized by a high saturation magnetization of 91.41 emu g<sup>−1</sup>, alongside negligible coercivity and remanence. Furthermore, stability experiments involving exposure to Rhodamine B under both dark and UV-light conditions revealed that the nanoparticles fully retained their structural integrity, original morphology, and magnetic sensitivity. Based on these results, our hybrid approach is believed to be a promising methodology for developing stable, high-performance magnetic systems for targeted drug delivery and wastewater remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParticuologyPub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.028
Fenghao Jiang , Biao Hu , Xusheng Zhang , Yifan Zhang , Shunxuan Hu , Junguo Li , Changning Wu , Ke Liu
{"title":"Preparation of micron-nano coal particles by wet grinding in methanol","authors":"Fenghao Jiang , Biao Hu , Xusheng Zhang , Yifan Zhang , Shunxuan Hu , Junguo Li , Changning Wu , Ke Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Limited by comminution limit, the top-down method is a time-consuming and high energy demands process to produce ultrafine and submicron coal. The feasibility of the wet grinding in methanol was probed, and the breakage mechanism was investigated from the macroscopic, microstructure, crystal, and molecular perspectives in this study. The results show that at 35 min grinding time, the coal’s <em>d</em><sub>50</sub> size decreased from 23.20 to 1.60 μm. Therefore, wet grinding in methanol is an efficient method to produce ultrafine coal. Moreover, with the increase of grinding time, the BET specific surface area of the sample increase, indicating that the comminution limit is not reached. Moreover, the characteristic diffraction peak intensity of kaolinite, amorphous carbon, quartz, and calcite of the sample decrease until they completely disappear due to destroy the crystal structure by the unstable energy on the lattice surface. The aromatics rings are cleaved and rearranged to form aromatic rings with radicals in continuous high-energy stress. The methanol was grafted onto the aromatic rings with radicals. The methanol shell may be easily built on the outside of coal particles due to increasing these side chains with compatibility with methanol. The agglomeration of particles is hindered, and thus the ultrafine grinding is promoted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"111 ","pages":"Pages 38-49"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParticuologyPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.003
Juhui Chen , Ke Chen , Dan Li , Zhirui Zhao , Michael Zhuravkov , Lapatsin Siarhei , Wenrui Jiang
{"title":"Investigation into nanoparticle fluidization characteristics with electrostatic force-modified population balance model","authors":"Juhui Chen , Ke Chen , Dan Li , Zhirui Zhao , Michael Zhuravkov , Lapatsin Siarhei , Wenrui Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within the two-fluid model framework integrated with particle dynamics theory, this study explicitly incorporates interparticle electrostatic forces to derive formulas for aggregation and breakage kernels of nanoparticle aggregates. Accordingly, an electrostatic-force-modified Population Balance Model (PBM) is proposed to track and characterize nanoparticle aggregation and breakage processes. To quantify the evolution of aggregate volume fractions and diameters, the flow characteristics of SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles in a microfluidized bed are numerically investigated. The results demonstrate that the modified PBM enhances the dispersion of aggregates and improves fluidization quality. The electrostatic force increases with growing aggregate diameter. When nanoparticles enter the fully fluidized stage, the synergistic interplay among electrostatic repulsion, Brownian diffusion, and turbulent forces collectively regulates aggregate formation and breakage. This leads to a more organized spatial distribution of aggregates and a gradual reduction in local pressure drop fluctuations over time. Furthermore, the bed pressure difference increases significantly under the combined influence of gas velocity and electrostatic forces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 14-27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParticuologyPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.007
Dina W. Khattab, Owen L. Appel, Jeffrey P. Youngblood, Paul Mort, Michael S. Titus
{"title":"Single-handed spring actuated powder sampler for additive manufacturing","authors":"Dina W. Khattab, Owen L. Appel, Jeffrey P. Youngblood, Paul Mort, Michael S. Titus","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly expanding manufacturing technique due to its ability to produce complex-shaped parts on demand. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing process that involves melting thin, ideally uniform, but not necessarily so, spread powder layers through selective laser or electron beam rastering. This process requires spreading high-quality powders, preferably those with a narrow size distribution and spherical morphology, to form a compact powder bed suitable for selective melting and the formation of high-density components. During the AM process, powder morphology and size may change due to agglomeration, partial sintering, spatter formation, and other defects; therefore, careful monitoring of these changes is essential to maintain suitable flowability and spreadability. Standard powder sampling devices, for example, as used in pharmaceutical and agricultural industries, are too large to extract AM samples without significant interlayer particle mixing. Therefore, a new compact, single-handedly actuated powder sampler was designed and fabricated for use within a selective laser melting printing chamber to sample AM powders at shallow depths. Samples can be analyzed for changes in size distribution, morphology, and composition (e.g., surface degradation) after each build.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 122-130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParticuologyPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.012
Yanhong Li , Guosheng Luo , Shijie Wang , Lina You , Haochen Wang
{"title":"One-dimensional unsteady modeling of drying and devolatilization of coal particles under pressurized oxy-fuel conditions in fluidized beds","authors":"Yanhong Li , Guosheng Luo , Shijie Wang , Lina You , Haochen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a one-dimensional unsteady model to simulate the drying and devolatilization of large coal particles (4–12 mm) under pressurized oxy-fuel conditions in fluidized beds. The model reveals that devolatilization time scales quadratically with particle diameter (<em>t</em> ∝ <em>d</em><sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup>), confirming heat conduction as the rate-limiting step. Increased system pressure significantly shortens drying and devolatilization times by up to 18 % and 31 %, respectively, but also amplifies intra-particle temperature gradients. Under identical operating conditions, differences between O<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> atmospheres were marginal (<5 %). Model predictions agree with experimental measurements within 20 % deviation. The results provide operational guidance for pressurized fluidized bed combustors, emphasizing the strong influence of particle size and pressure on process efficiency and heat transfer limitations, while also highlighting their implications for energy efficiency improvement, emission reduction, and the advancement of environmentally sustainable combustion technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 109-121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ParticuologyPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.017
Jaeyeon Kim , Muhammad Aziz
{"title":"Morphological constants of porous media to predict effective properties for electrochemical devices","authors":"Jaeyeon Kim , Muhammad Aziz","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive investigation into the morphology-dependent transport behaviors of porous media is presented in this study. Three-dimensional porous structures representing granular, fibrous, and cellular (foam-like) morphologies, commonly employed in electrochemical devices, were computationally generated and characterized across a porosity range of 0.35–0.85. Structural metrics, including specific surface area, mean pore size, tortuosity, and constrictivity, were quantified and predicted via empirical equations. Transport phenomena, including electrical/thermal conduction, mass diffusion, and permeation, were simulated and quantified using finite-difference and lattice-Boltzmann methods. Results reveal that the properties are significantly governed by both porous morphology and porosity. Empirical correlations that incorporate morphological constants and porosity accurately predict effective properties (e.g., conductivity, diffusivity, and permeability). The proposed morphological constants enable simplified yet accurate predictions of key functional properties, validated against experimental and numerical literature data. This framework provides a practical basis for morphology-driven optimization of porous media across various applications, where simultaneous transport through both solid and pore phases is critical, such as in electrochemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 180-194"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}