Particuology最新文献

{"title":"Polysaccharide-alum Pickering emulsions as adjuvant to stimulate potent humoral and cellular immune responses for porcine pseudorabies virus vaccine","authors":"Runyu Yang ,&nbsp;Longyun Li ,&nbsp;Wuchao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yixuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Qianhui Zhao ,&nbsp;Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Panpan Xu ,&nbsp;Qi Zhao ,&nbsp;Ziye Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingsai Fan ,&nbsp;Kuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiao Wang ,&nbsp;Ning Ma ,&nbsp;Wanyu Shi ,&nbsp;Pengfei Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vaccination with inactivated porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccines is a common strategy for the prevention of PRV infection. However, due to the insufficient immunogenicity, the protective efficacy of inactivated vaccines remains deficient. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop potent adjuvants to enhance the effectiveness of inactivated PRV vaccines. In previous study, we successfully developed a novel vaccine adjuvant delivery system, which the <em>Poria cocos</em> polysaccharide-loaded Alhydrogel was employed as colloidal stabilizers, and squalene was utilized as the oil phase to form stable Pickering emulsions (PAPE). The PAPE combined the immunostimulatory effects of <em>Poria cocos</em> polysaccharide, the inherent immunostimulant properties of the Alhydrogel adjuvant, and the characteristics of the Pickering emulsions delivery system. Herein, we found that PAPE has the potential to function as a delivery system to promote antigen internalization by macrophages via scavenger receptor A-mediated endocytosis. PAPE compensated for the inadequacy of alum adjuvants in efficiently stimulating cell-mediated immune responses. As the adjuvant for inactivated PRV vaccine, PAPE increased the recruitment and activation of antigen-presenting cells at the injection site, and provoked strong cellular and humoral immune responses. Notably, compared to MONTANIDE ISA206 adjuvant, PAPE markedly improved the induction of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, the activation of CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, the production of IFN-γ, and the response of memory CD8⁺ T cells, thereby inducing a stronger cellular immune response. Our findings highlight the efficacy of PAPE as an adjuvant for PRV vaccines, offering new insights for the development of veterinary vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 300-309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of drag and friction models for the numerical prediction of particle mixing in Geldart Type B fluidized beds","authors":"Toshiaki Fukada ,&nbsp;Gregor Karte ,&nbsp;Tobias Pröll","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the effects of drag and frictional stress models in two-fluid model simulations, fluidized beds of Geldart type B particles are simulated, and the results are compared with experimental data for cases at lower fluidization numbers than those reported in the literature. The residence time distribution (RTD) of the particles is focused on because it reflects mixing behaviour that has a significant impact on the performance of fluidized bed reactors. The experimental results are reasonably modeled by a series of a plug flow reactor with axial dispersion and a continuous stirred tank reactor. Homogeneous and heterogeneous drag models are compared because the effects of the differences between them are unclear relative to those observed for Geldart type A particles. For the frictional stress, a model that reflects the effect of dilatation and compaction in BFBs is employed. Clear effects of the numerical models are observed when the fluidization number is reduced to 2.9. Although the simulated vertical distribution of average volume fraction is less sensitive to the drag model type than in the cases of Geldart type A particles, the simulated local distribution of the volume fraction is influenced. This influence leads to a change in the mixing behaviour. It is found that the frictional stress model effectively contributes to the prediction of mixing behaviour when combined with the heterogeneous drag model, which clearly represents bubbles. Without the frictional stress model, the mixing intensity is overestimated even with the heterogeneous drag model, indicating the importance of the combination of both models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 320-330"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient bimodal effects in the in-line particle size measurement during milling of solid state materials","authors":"José M. Bellosta von Colbe ,&nbsp;Hans Ulrich Benz ,&nbsp;Henning Zoz ,&nbsp;Julian Jepsen ,&nbsp;Klaus Taube ,&nbsp;Martin Dornheim ,&nbsp;Thomas Klassen","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the processing or synthesis of solid state materials, ball milling has proven to be an effective method. However, due to the continuous agitation, the process is not suited for in-situ measurement techniques. In this work, a system for the in-line particle size measurement during milling has been developed and tested. The results show that milling of a sample with a certain mean particle size results in the production of a bimodal size distribution before a final product with the smaller particle size is produced. Moreover, a much faster than expected reduction in size was achieved, whose time evolution could otherwise only be followed by wasteful and time-consuming specimen analysis in intervals. In conclusion, in-line particle size measurement during milling is a promising technique to optimize the processing time or obtain a product powder in a certain condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 280-285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virus-like particles as catalytic nanoreactors: Confinement effects, characterization strategies, and future opportunities","authors":"Singana Siva Nandu ,&nbsp;Sivakumar Kasibhatta ,&nbsp;Sai Sreenivas Kirdhanthu ,&nbsp;Bugude Laxmi ,&nbsp;Viswanath Buddolla","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Virus-like particles (VLPs) are increasingly recognized as programmable, bioinspired nanoscale scaffolds capable of operating as confined catalytic nanoreactors with precise control over molecular transport and reactivity. Their defined capsid architectures create uniform internal reaction volumes and engineered pore systems that regulate substrate diffusion, stabilize encapsulated catalysts, and reshape reaction kinetics and selectivity beyond what is achievable in bulk solution. This review critically examines VLPs as particulate nanoreactors, emphasizing how advances in capsid design, encapsulation strategies, and surface functionalization govern catalytic behavior. We highlight mechanistic insights into how nanoscale confinement influences turnover stability, substrate discrimination, and thermodynamic profiles, including cases where confinement redirects reaction pathways rather than simply enhancing rates. Recent progress in high-resolution and in situ characterization techniques is discussed, demonstrating how real-time monitoring of catalytic events within VLP lumens has strengthened structure–function correlations. Emerging applications in biosensing, sustainable biocatalysis, environmental remediation, and synthetic biology are evaluated with attention to performance metrics and scalability. Finally, key challenges related to structural robustness, manufacturability, and predictive engineering are outlined as critical considerations for industrial translation. VLP-based nanoreactors thus represent a versatile platform bridging biological self-assembly with materials engineering for controlled and environmentally compatible catalytic transformations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 49-62"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient numerical method for solving multidimensional population balance equations in batch cooling crystallization","authors":"Chuan Li ,&nbsp;Zimu Diao ,&nbsp;Yongyan Cheng ,&nbsp;Baoming Shan ,&nbsp;Qilei Xu ,&nbsp;Xuezhong Wang ,&nbsp;Fangkun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient numerical solution of the multi-dimensional population balance models is still a hot topic and a challenging problem in crystallization. To address this issue, we develop a high-efficiency, high-accuracy scheme for two-dimensional PBEs, which integrates high-order compact difference discretization with an alternating-direction implicit strategy. The multidimensional solution problem was decomposed into two one-dimensional implicit systems to reduce computational complexity and suppress numerical dissipation. This proposed method can achieve fourth-order accuracy in space and time while circumventing stability constraints of explicit schemes by integrating compact fourth-order spatial discretization with alternating direction implicit time integration. Four cases were used to verify the performance by considering crystal size-independent growth, dependent growth, and nucleation in crystallization processes. The proposed method demonstrated superior accuracy and efficiency compared to the high-resolution finite volume method and high-order compact difference. In addition, stability and convergence analyses further confirm its robustness, particularly in capturing transient nucleation dynamics and steep gradients. This work is of great value and significance for modeling and optimal crystallization process control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 310-319"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in the digital transformation of crystallization process development and operation: Synergy between model- and AI-driven strategies","authors":"Yiming Ma,&nbsp;Xuming Yuan,&nbsp;Ashish Yewale,&nbsp;Brahim Benyahia","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crystallization plays a critical role across multiple industries, determining key particulate product attributes such as purity, particle size distribution, morphology, and polymorphic form. The multiscale nature of this process, encompassing molecular interactions, phase transitions, and transport phenomena, imposes high levels complexity on the design and control of systems in which particle characteristics govern performance. Digital strategies, including emerging AI-driven approaches, are increasingly recognized as powerful tools for managing multiscale complexity, reducing inherent uncertainties, and enhancing process development. This review aims to explore recent advances and critically analyze how digital methods can be applied at each stage of process development. The discussion begins with data acquisition and augmentation, including synthetic data generation, model-based experimental design, and rigorous data preprocessing and validation. This is followed by the modeling strategies tailored to specific design and operation objectives, including mechanistic, data-driven, and hybrid approaches for predicting crystallization dynamics and particulate properties. Finally, recent control and optimization solutions are discussed, focusing on model-based and adaptive algorithms for open and closed-loop strategies. The review concludes with a forward-looking perspective on emerging trends, highlighting the integration of digital twins, real-time optimization, and sustainability metrics which together are expected to enable intelligent, resilient, and sustainability-aligned crystallization systems capable of meeting future industrial and regulatory requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 223-253"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent inversion model of macro-micro parameters for rockfill using discrete-continuous coupling method","authors":"Chunhui Ma ,&nbsp;Mingyuan Gao ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Hou ,&nbsp;Lin Cheng ,&nbsp;Junrui Chai ,&nbsp;Ibrokhimov Khofiz","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the limitations of traditional feedback analysis methods for dam construction materials, which suffer from low accuracy, long computation times, and an inability to capture micromechanical properties. We propose a novel macro-micro parameter joint intelligent feedback analysis model for rockfill materials, driven by dam deformation monitoring data, that efficiently and accurately determines the macro and micro parameters of these materials. By employing an intelligent inverse analysis model, researchers can derive the macro and micro material parameters of the discrete-continuum coupling model, aiding in the optimization of design standards and guiding dam construction and operation. To enhance this process, we construct an adaptive surrogate model using a Runge-Kutta optimizer (RUN) and an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm. This model captures the complex nonlinear relationship between macro and micro parameters and dam settlement, reducing the need for time-consuming numerical simulations. By leveraging deformation monitoring data from panel rockfill dams, the RUN-XGBoost algorithm effectively addresses the inverse analysis problem. The results demonstrate that this intelligent inverse analysis model can rapidly and accurately determine rockfill dam parameters, improving the precision of macro-micro parameter calculations and enabling a comprehensive investigation of the mechanical evolution of rockfill materials, with implications for structural safety analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 286-299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative structure-property relationships in montmorillonite: Decoupling crystalline coherence from cation exchange capacity through advanced SAXS analysis","authors":"Walid Oueslati","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Montmorillonite's variable cation exchange capacity (CEC) contradicts the assumption that structural order enhances reactivity. While primary CEC originates from isomorphic substitutions, defect-induced structural degradation enhances CEC through dual pathways: direct creation of edge sites (55 % of enhancement) and indirect effects via increased specific surface area (45 %). We employ integrated SAXS techniques—pair distribution function, Warren-Averbach analysis, and Porod scattering—to establish quantitative structure-CEC relationships. Well-ordered samples exhibit coherent domain sizes of 85 Å, microstrain of 1.2 %, and CEC of 76.2 cmol/kg. Severely degraded samples show domain sizes of 28 Å (67 % reduction), microstrain of 4.5 % (3.8-fold increase), and enhanced CEC of 118.9 cmol/kg (56 % increase). PDF analysis reveals that long-range layer correlations decay from 45 to 18 Å (60 % reduction). Warren-Averbach decomposition demonstrates a transition from size-dominated (78 % contribution) to strain-dominated broadening (69 %), with crossover at 40 % CEC enhancement corresponding to domain sizes of ∼40 Å. Porod analysis (calibrated against glassy carbon standard) demonstrates 2.3 × increase in specific surface area (28–68 m²/g) with interface fractal dimensions evolving from 2.1 (smooth) to 2.7 (rough). Path analysis confirms that defect-induced edge sites contribute 70–80 % of the CEC enhancement, with the remainder attributed to enhanced interlayer accessibility via structural disorder. The established correlations (R² &gt; 0.87) between SAXS-derived structural descriptors and CEC enable predictive modeling and rational optimization of montmorillonite processing for targeted applications in environmental remediation, catalysis, and advanced functional materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 75-95"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-local propagation of dynamic fluctuations in granular discharge: A wave correlation analysis","authors":"Yawen Xiao ,&nbsp;Wanda Xu ,&nbsp;Anqi Li ,&nbsp;Yanlong Han ,&nbsp;Yanqin Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Xi ,&nbsp;Ruihong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding dynamic fluctuations in granular discharge is critical for addressing stability challenges in dense granular systems, which are central to industrial processes and natural phenomena. This study combines discrete element method (DEM) simulations with detrended cross-correlation analysis (DCCA) to quantitatively investigate the non-local propagation of dynamic fluctuations in both axial and radial directions. Results demonstrate that axial fluctuations exhibit scale-dependent temporal correlations, stabilizing at 1.5 s near the silo outlet and 1 s at higher positions, with a characteristic spatial wavelength of approximately 10 particle diameters. In contrast, radial fluctuations show weaker correlations, marked by anti-phase patterns across shear layers, while correlations strengthen with axial elevation due to enhanced collective particle motion. Dead zones near the outlet further influence radial spatial-scale correlations, reducing their intensity at higher elevations. This DCCA-based correlation analysis thus establishes a quantitative, single-parameter framework for characterizing fluctuation propagation in such complex, multi-source regimes. These findings provide a methodological basis for the quantitative analysis of fluctuation dynamics and offer quantifiable benchmarks for assessing discharge stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 144-153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D coarse-grained lattice Monte Carlo simulation of particle formation from droplet drying","authors":"Dongya Zhou,&nbsp;Jie Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2026.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In pharmaceutical and material applications, the particle structure, especially cavities or gaps inside, directly influences particle function (e.g., delivery efficiency of inhalation powder), yet the formation mechanism of these structures has not been fully understood. This study employs a coarse-grained lattice Monte Carlo framework to simulate evaporation-driven particle formation, investigating the formation mechanism of internal cavities. By dynamically tracking solid bead migration and solvent evaporation in a 3D lattice system, the model systematically explores how solid bead size and cavity formation capacity influence structure formation. Results reveal that smaller solid beads or enhanced cavity formation capacity can alter uniform packing, promoting the appearance of cavities and gaps between solid structures. The developed methodology allows us to understand droplet drying dynamics from microscopic 3D perspective, correlating quantitatively process parameters with resulting particles’ internal structures, which is critical for particles’ functional performance in applications like drug delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"110 ","pages":"Pages 154-164"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}