Particuology最新文献

{"title":"La3+ doped H1.6Mn1.6O4 lithium-ion sieve for Li+ efficient adsorption and analysing anti-dissolution loss mechanism","authors":"Yiying Wang ,&nbsp;Dandan Shi ,&nbsp;Yue Cao ,&nbsp;Xing Han ,&nbsp;Tianying Zhang ,&nbsp;Kaipeng Zhong ,&nbsp;Qi Zhao ,&nbsp;Naicai Xu ,&nbsp;Shaoju Bian","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven by the increasing global demand for lithium, significant attention has been directed toward developing efficient technologies for lithium extraction from Salt Lake brines. Li_1.6Mn_1.6O₄ spinel shows high lithium selectivity and notable theoretical uptake capacity, indicating strong application potential in lithium extraction. However, the industrial application of this material is limited by its strong Jahn-Teller effect and manganese dissolution loss. In this study, LiOH and MnCO₃ were selected as the raw materials and La₂O₃ was used as the doping modifier. The La³⁺-doped Li_1.6Mn_1.6O₄ precursor (La-LMO) was fabricated through hydrothermal and high-temperature solid-phase synthesis techniques. Then La³⁺ doped H_1.6Mn_1.6O₄ lithium ion-sieve (La-HMO) was prepared by pickling. The materials' structure and morphology were examined using XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS techniques. La³⁺ doping does not alter the spinel structure of LMO but reduces Mn³⁺ content, mitigates the Jahn-Teller effect, lowers the manganese dissolution rate, and enhances structural stability. Adsorption of Li⁺ onto La-HMO follows pseudo-second-order kinetics and fits the Langmuir model, suggesting homogeneous monolayer adsorption driven by chemisorption. In the lithium extraction experiment from the brine of West Tai Kinel Salt Lake, La-HMO demonstrated high adsorption capacity and superior selectivity for Li⁺. After five cycles, La-HMO maintained an adsorption capacity of 33.10 mg/g, higher than the 26.80 mg/g for undoped HMO. The manganese dissolution rate dropped from 4.65 % to 4.04 %. The study significantly improved the adsorption properties and structural stability of HMO by doping La³⁺, which has broad application prospects in the separation and extraction of lithium resources in Salt Lake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"106 ","pages":"Pages 201-212"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A turbulent mass transfer model for circulating turbulent fluidized bed with reactive flow","authors":"Hailun Ren ,&nbsp;Liang Zeng ,&nbsp;Wenbin Li ,&nbsp;Zhongli Tang ,&nbsp;Donghui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.08.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.08.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The circulating turbulent fluidization and circulating turbulent fluidized bed (CTFB) have been proposed over the past two decades. It is believed that CTFB can overcome the disadvantages encountered in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) and turbulent fluidized bed (TFB), while combining their advantages, such as high solids circulation rates and high solids holdup. These characteristics are particularly favorable for reactions requiring continuous particle withdrawal and addition. However, accurate modeling and simulation of CTFB with reactive flow remain challenges primarily due to difficulties in capturing intrinsic meso-structures and the turbulent effects. In this study, a turbulent mass transfer model, namely the two-equation turbulent (TET) model, is proposed for the simulation of CTFB. The TET model integrates the energy minimization multiscale (EMMS)-based drag, the <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mi>q</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>ε</mi><mi>q</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><mi>Θ</mi></mrow></math></span> approach and the recently developed <span><math><mrow><mover><msup><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>¯</mo></mover><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>ε</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> formulations to rigorously account for meso-structure and turbulent effects. With this model, the species concentration, phase temperature and velocity as well as solids volume fraction distributions can be obtained simultaneously. Satisfactory agreements between simulated results and experimental data are found (e.g., average absolute relative deviation between a typical simulation by the TET model and experiment on species concentration distributions is about 8.73 %). Such information would be helpful for the design and optimization of a new CTFB system or assessment of an existed one.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"106 ","pages":"Pages 131-144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of the two-fluid model and the dense discrete phase model for simulations of bubbling fluidization of nanoparticle agglomerates","authors":"Shaowei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaobing Hu ,&nbsp;Xian Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuetao Wang ,&nbsp;Huanpeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the numerical performance of the two-fluid model (TFM) and the dense discrete phase model (DDPM) for simulations of bubbling fluidization of nanoparticle agglomerates is compared. The effects of grid size, specularity coefficient, restitution coefficient, reflection coefficient, and drag models are investigated and compared for the two approaches. The grid size analysis results indicate that the DDPM generates a better grid-independent solution than the TFM. The sensitivity analyses show that sub-model parameters mainly affect the local flow behavior at the near-wall zone, while the drag models show a major effect on the overall hydrodynamics behavior for both approaches. The TFM predict the annular-core flow in the bed, but over-predict the bed expansion height and the axial solid dispersion coefficient. The bed height ratio and solid dispersion coefficients predicted by the DDPM are more closely aligned with the experimental data, while the flow fields in the DDPM exhibit multiple internal circulations, and the solid concentration show irregular radial fluctuations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"106 ","pages":"Pages 186-200"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nb5+ doping modulates crystal morphology and electronic structure of spinel LiMn2O4 for high-rate long-cycle cathode materials","authors":"Ningfei Yang,&nbsp;Yang You,&nbsp;Shengwen Ou,&nbsp;Lianghua Wang,&nbsp;Zhen Li,&nbsp;Jingyue Xu,&nbsp;Haoran Luo,&nbsp;Mingliang Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.08.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.08.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manganese dissolution and the Jahn-Teller distortion represent the primary factors limiting the cycle life of spinel LiMn₂O₄. In this study, Nb⁵⁺-doped Li_1.05Mn_2-<em>x</em>Nb_<em>x</em>O₄ (0 ≤ <em>x</em> ≤ 0.03) with truncated octahedral morphology was successfully synthesized via a simple high-temperature solid-state method. Nb⁵⁺ doping not only enhanced the structural stability of LiMn₂O₄ but also increased the Li ⁺ diffusion rate. SEM analysis revealed that Nb⁵⁺ doping effectively suppressed (110) plane growth, thereby mitigating Mn dissolution. Simultaneously, TEM results indicated that a thinner cathode electrolyte interphase film was formed upon doping, which contributed to enhanced cycling stability. Further DFT calculations confirmed that Nb⁵⁺ doping improved the structural stability of LiMn₂O₄ through a dual mechanism: reducing the occupancy of the Mn e_g orbitals and strengthening the Mn-O bonding energy. On the other hand, Nb⁵⁺ doping expands the lattice, with CV and EIS tests showing increased Li⁺ diffusion rates. PDOS calculations revealed a narrowed band gap, which improved the electronic conductivity, thereby endowing LiMn₂O₄ with high-rate performance. Hence, Li_1.05Mn_2-<em>x</em>Nb_<em>x</em>O₄ exhibits superior rate capability and extended cycle life. Specifically, Li_1.05Mn_1.99Nb_0.01O₄ delivered an initial discharge capacity of 124.61 mAh/g with 88.43 % capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1 C, and maintained 74.61 mAh/g even at 10 C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"106 ","pages":"Pages 236-247"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the motion and breakage of wet fibers in a fluidized bed using a combined bonded multi-sphere model","authors":"Jinxin Tie ,&nbsp;Yibo He ,&nbsp;Donghui Shen ,&nbsp;Jie Li ,&nbsp;Aolin Gu ,&nbsp;Runhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoke Ku ,&nbsp;Qingsong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jizhong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, a combined bonded multi-sphere model was developed, validated, and applied to simulate the motion and breakage behavior of wet fibers in a fluidized bed. The effects of particle resolution, bond number, and humidity coefficient (<em>γ</em>) on fiber breakage rate, breakage location, and fragment size distribution were systematically investigated. Results show that increasing particle resolution from 3 to 6 generally reduces fiber breakage. While a higher bond number lowers the probability of breakage. Two different breakage modes are identified under varying <em>γ</em> values: Mode 1, characterized by breakage due to collisions between rapidly falling individual fibers and fiber clusters, and Mode 2, arising from impacts between fiber clusters and the bed bottom. As <em>γ</em> increases within a certain range, the dominant breakage mechanism transitions from Mode 1 to a mixed mode involving both Modes 1 and 2, accompanied by a shift in the primary breakage location from the corner region toward the center region of the bed. All these findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of wet fiber fluidization and offer guidance for optimizing wet fiber breakage behavior in real applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"106 ","pages":"Pages 174-185"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel method for controlling solids circulation between two fluidized bed reactors in a looping system","authors":"Markku Nikku","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.08.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.08.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel concept for splitting particle flow leaving a cyclone separator between two circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactors is investigated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software utilizing the multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method. The different options for particle flow division are discussed, and the novel idea of using air jets is presented and simulated in a partial laboratory-scale CFB system to study its feasibility. Based on the simulation results, the proposed concept can be used to divide the particle stream between two reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"106 ","pages":"Pages 123-130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing silicone rubber performance through surface grafting of γ-MPS onto nano-SiO2 particles","authors":"Mei Zhao ,&nbsp;Chenglin Zheng ,&nbsp;Chenghui Wang ,&nbsp;Yuxin Gan ,&nbsp;Fangke Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Yang ,&nbsp;Rui Tan ,&nbsp;Ting-Jie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.08.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.08.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reinforcing of silicone rubber using nano-SiO₂ is currently constrained by the weak interfacial interactions dominated by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces between particles and the matrix. This limitation hinders the development of silicone rubbers with high-strength and high-transparency. In this study, a novel organic modification approach involving “hydrolysis mixing, spray drying, and thermal treatment” was developed to graft γ-(methacryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (γ-MPS), containing double-bonds, onto the surface of precipitated SiO₂ particles. During curing, these surface-grafted double-bonds react with the double-bonds on the silicone rubber side chains, forming an interfacial cross-linking network between inorganic particles and the organic matrix. Experimental results show that composites incorporating SiO₂ particles modified with 2 wt% γ-MPS adding exhibit the highest tensile strength of 9.47 MPa, attributed to the optimal particle dispersion and formation of interfacial cross-linked network. Particle dispersion which is quantified by a dispersion index reached the lowest values at 2 % γ-MPS, indicating the uniform dispersion. Consistently, curing rheology showed the maximum effective torque reaching 3.16 dN m at 2 %, reflecting the highest double bond interfacial cross-link density. Silicone rubber composites with 0.5 %–2 % γ-MPS modified particles exhibit optimal tensile strength and transparency. However, the increasing amount of γ-MPS leads to intensified condensation of hydrolyzed silane species, resulting in particle agglomeration and multilayer grafting on the particle surfaces, which adversely affects mechanical performance and transparency. To prepare high-strength and high-transparency silicone rubber, effective suppression of the condensation of silane coupling agent hydrolysis products and achievement of monolayer grafting on particle surfaces are necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"106 ","pages":"Pages 145-155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic and kinetic studies on crystallization process of SrCl2·6H2O particulate model and influence of ultrasonic treatment on its anti-agglomeration performance under optimized conditions","authors":"Jieming Ren ,&nbsp;Xingwu Zou ,&nbsp;Binbin Shi ,&nbsp;Yongjuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuxuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.08.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.08.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crystallization remains a fundamental separation and purification technique in chemical manufacturing. A comprehensive understanding of aqueous solution thermodynamics, metastable zone width (MSZW), and nucleation mechanisms is essential for optimizing crystallization processes, defining operational control parameters, and enabling subsequent crystal morphology control. This study systematically investigates the crystallization behavior of SrCl₂·6H₂O through in situ monitoring using process analytical technology (PAT). Key parameters, including MSZW, thermodynamic properties (solubility, supersaturation), and nucleation kinetics, were quantitatively determined to develop a predictive process model. To address the critical industrial challenge of product agglomeration arising from poor particle morphology, which complicates storage, transportation, and downstream processing while compromising product quality and increasing operational costs, an ultrasonic regulation strategy was implemented under optimized crystallization conditions. Post-treatment with optimized ultrasonic parameters yielded a marked reduction in particle aspect ratio, substantial improvement in dispersion, and a clear morphological transition from rod-like to granular crystals. This transformation significantly enhanced anti-agglomeration performance, thereby increasing product value. The regulatory mechanism of ultrasound is attributed to the \"fragmentation-growth\" mechanism, where ultrasonic cavitation induces controlled particle fragmentation followed by directional growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"106 ","pages":"Pages 110-122"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrete element analysis of rotational centrifugal method for enhanced powder packing densification in a pre-HIP capsule","authors":"Wenqing Tian ,&nbsp;Runyu Yang ,&nbsp;Chao Cai ,&nbsp;Yusheng Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is a critical powder metallurgy technique for manufacturing high-performance components. However, achieving uniform powder distribution within complex capsules is challenging, particularly in critical low-density regions where inadequate powder filling leads to non-uniform deformation and potential part rejection after HIP. This study investigated the powder filling and packing densification behavior of Ti-6Al-4V particles through discrete element method (DEM) simulations to develop an enhanced densification technique targeting these critical regions. A new rotational centrifugal method was proposed to address this challenge. Results demonstrated that vertical vibration achieved limited improvement, and horizontal vibration exhibited non-uniform powder distribution. The proposed rotational centrifugal method at 200 rpm proved most effective, achieving the highest relative density with superior uniformity and rapid densification. The analysis in rotational motion revealed that rapid densification originates from consistent centrifugal forces. Upon stopping rotation, particles undergo localized vigorous motion, resulting in a slight decrease in relative density. To address this, an optimized deceleration scheme was developed. It achieved a relative density of 0.549, representing improvements of 70.5 % over vertical vibration and 4.2 % over horizontal vibration. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing pre-HIP processing parameters for complex components, offering a promising solution for addressing powder filling challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"106 ","pages":"Pages 99-109"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil shale separation performance and apparent viscosity characteristics in a ternary dense medium high-density gas–solid fluidized bed","authors":"Pengfei Zhao ,&nbsp;Guangjian Ren ,&nbsp;Chuanxin Fang ,&nbsp;Zongsheng Sun ,&nbsp;Fan Yang ,&nbsp;Guangqing Zhu ,&nbsp;Chenyang Zhou ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.08.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.08.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient dry separation is essential for utilizing low-grade oil shale. This study developed a ternary high-density gas–solid fluidized bed system using ferrosilicon powder, magnetite powder, and D-class oil shale particles, focusing on the impact of apparent viscosity on particle settling. Results showed that viscosity was influenced by medium composition, particle size, and flow structure. In the binary system of B⁻ silicon and B⁺ magnetite, minimum viscosity (0.782 Pa s) was reached at a 40 % ferrosilicon ratio. In the ternary system, viscosity increased nonlinearly with oil shale content, with 8 % being the critical threshold where fluidization stability declined. Gas velocity significantly affected viscosity distribution, with moderate increases improving flow uniformity and reducing viscosity by 32 %–40 %. However, excessive velocity caused bubble coalescence and increased viscosity fluctuations, with standard deviation rising from 0.0065 to 0.0191 Pa s. Sedimentation tests showed that the middle bed region provided optimal separation at low gas velocity, while higher velocities shifted separation to the upper region. When gas velocity exceeds 0.45 m/s, the best separation efficiency is achieved. This study clarifies the relationship between viscosity and separation performance, providing guidance for optimizing dry oil shale separation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"106 ","pages":"Pages 70-80"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}