Particuology最新文献

{"title":"Three-dimensional CFD-DEM investigation of dynamic characteristics of biomass particles in a conical spouted bed","authors":"Ming Hao ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A numerical investigation of the three-dimensional conical spouted bed was conducted using CFD coupled with discrete element method to systematically analyze particle-gas flow patterns, bubble volume fluctuations, and fountain characteristics. Moreover, the impact of conical angles on dynamic characteristics is demonstrated under varying gas inlet velocity and particle diameter. Firstly, the simulation result shows that increasing the conical angle is advantageous for enhancing both <em>y</em>-direction and angular velocities of particles, while the impact of this angle varies with inlet velocity and particle diameter. The great inlet velocity and particle diameter significantly enhance the voidage, while the larger conical angle promotes the uniform radial particle distribution. Besides, smaller conical angle and medium inlet velocity is prone to result in the higher frequency and amplitude for the fluctuations of particle height. Meanwhile, enlarging the conical angle results in a shift of the fountain frequency from high to low when the particle size is small. The conical angle plays a crucial role in determining bubble behavior under the condition of medium velocity and small diameter. Besides, the fine particle and small conical angle are prone to cause the noticeable main frequencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 207-218"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis and eco-biological evaluation of Ag/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles using Vallaris solanacea leaf extract targeting insecticide resistance","authors":"Arooj Azeem ,&nbsp;Muhammad Naveed ,&nbsp;Sarmad Mahmood ,&nbsp;Shafiq ur Rehman ,&nbsp;Tariq Aziz ,&nbsp;Nouf A. Assiri ,&nbsp;Sahar A. Alshareef ,&nbsp;Maha Aljabri ,&nbsp;Rewaa S. Jalal ,&nbsp;Fakhria A. Al-Joufi","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of insecticide resistance presents a major challenge in pest control and agriculture, while the use of conventional pesticides raises environmental and health concerns. This study addresses these issues through the green synthesis of Ag/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) using <em>Vallaris solanacea</em> plant extract and evaluates their eco-biological activities. The synthesized Ag/Fe BMNPs, with an average size of 30 nm as determined by SEM, were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, EDX, and SEM. In vitro assays revealed significant anti-inflammatory (91%), antioxidant (95%), anti-diabetic, anti-hemolytic, and antimicrobial activities. Additionally, the nanoparticles demonstrated 100% mortality against <em>Sitophilus oryzae</em> (rice weevil) and exhibited 97% degradation of the pesticide Novacide, indicating potent pesticidal and environmental remediation capabilities. Computational analysis, including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, revealed strong interactions between Ag/Fe BMNPs and insecticide resistance (IR) proteins, with binding energies surpassing those of traditional pesticides, suggesting an ability to circumvent resistance mechanisms. These findings highlight the potential of Ag/Fe BMNPs as a sustainable, eco-friendly alternative for pest management and environmental applications in agriculture and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 80-98"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigations on the deposition characteristics of lunar dust in the human bronchial airways","authors":"Hao Jing ,&nbsp;Yuan Xue ,&nbsp;Bin Wu ,&nbsp;Yixiao Wang ,&nbsp;Zhaojun Xi ,&nbsp;Xinguang Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.11.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.11.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although it is widely acknowledged that lunar dust (LD) is toxic to the human health, its deposition characteristics in the bronchial airways remain unknown, which is significantly important to understand its toxicity. Therefore, this study employs computational fluid dynamics and machine learning algorithm methods to address this issue considering the difficulty of conducting the experiments of LD deposition. The major results are: (1) the deposition efficiencies (DE) of micrometer-sized LD in the terminal bronchioles vary significantly depending on the human body posture, with a notable difference of DE up to 29% between standing and lying flat postures; (2) LD deposition in various bronchial regions shows differences under activity intensities, with higher DE in segmental bronchi and terminal bronchioles under intense and lower intensive activities, respectively; (3) In predicting DE of LD, machine learning algorithms outperform fitting functions, achieving higher precision and smaller errors, reducing the root mean square error by approximately 60%–80%. These results indicate that LD deposition characteristics in the bronchial airways under lunar environment are also influenced by the combined factors of particle size, activity intensity, and body posture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 25-38"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step synthesis of hierarchically porous fly ash-based NaX zeolite as assisted by CTAB for low-concentration CO2 adsorption","authors":"Yao Wei ,&nbsp;Hong Wu ,&nbsp;Haowen Kong ,&nbsp;Yingju Miao ,&nbsp;Ping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite significant attention being drawn to the synthesis of zeolites from fly ash for CO₂ adsorption, few studies have focused on hierarchical porous NaX zeolites derived from fly ash. The existing synthesis methods are often complex, and the role of CTAB in zeolite formation remains unclear. To address these research gaps, we employed a one-step method for synthesizing hierarchically porous fly ash-based NaX zeolites with tunable mesoporosity. Utilizing CTAB as a template agent, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the effects of varying CTAB dosages and aluminum source types on zeolite formation. The synthesized materials were fully characterized through XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and N₂ adsorption/desorption analysis. The results showed that the mesoporous volume of the zeolites can be effectively controlled by adjusting the CTAB/Al₂O₃ ratio. At an optimal ratio of 0.04, the synthesized zeolite has a surface area of 422 m²/g and a mesoporous volume of 0.116 cm³/g, which represents a two-fold increase compared to the NaX synthesized without CTAB. This improvement of mesoporosity significantly reduces the resistance to CO₂ diffusion, thereby enhancing the adsorption performance with a maximum adsorption capacity of 3.37 mmol/g and a high cyclic stability. A further investigation reveals the crucial role of CTAB in promoting mesopore formation and inhibiting crystal growth during zeolite synthesis. These findings provide valuable insights into the one-step synthesis of hierarchical porous zeolites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 69-79"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meso-scale flow model of gas-liquid-solid mini-fluidized beds with improved macro-scale interaction of wall effects","authors":"Shaojie Li ,&nbsp;Yongli Ma ,&nbsp;Hao Guo ,&nbsp;Mingyan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas-liquid-solid mini-fluidized beds known for high efficiency with controllable mass and heat transfer characteristics, have good application prospects in fields such as multiphase reaction process enhancement and intrinsic kinetic detection. For three-phase mini-flow systems, the bed wall has a significant impact on spatiotemporal distribution of multi-phase flow structure, which influence the motion state of dispersed phase, make predicted phase holdup and residence time deviate from experimental values. However, current research on the quantitative impact of bed walls on flow structures is still limited, which hinders the optimization design and industrial application of such reactors. In this work, a meso-scale flow model of gas-liquid-solid mini-fluidized beds considering macro-scale effects between bed wall and flow is developed based on the principle of meso-scale science and introducing semi-theoretical formulas that take the effects of bed walls on particles and bubbles into account. The calculated values of this model are in good agreement with experimental data, where prediction of phase holdup fits well with experimental results, the deviation of bubble size and terminal velocity are within 10%. Compared to existing models, this model demonstrates a higher level of accuracy in predicting the flow patterns of mini-fluidized beds, particularly those with pronounced wall effect. This research has laid a foundation for the design, scale-up and industrial application of mini-fluidized bed reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 117-129"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of cationic lipids in modulating immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy of mRNA-LNP","authors":"Yan Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiangfei Shan ,&nbsp;Renji Gu ,&nbsp;Yufei Xia ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mRNA vaccines have become a transformative platform in medicine, with their success during the COVID-19 pandemic accelerating research in viral prevention and cancer therapy. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) enhance the stability and efficacy of mRNA vaccines, but achieving an optimal balance between innate immune activation and mRNA expression is crucial for their effectiveness. Classical cationic lipids, although largely replaced by ionizable lipids due to concerns over excessive immunogenicity, have demonstrated potential in cancer immunotherapy by inducing strong immune responses. In this study, we investigated whether incorporating cationic lipids into mRNA-LNP formulations could enhance immunogenicity without requiring new lipid designs. We introduced varying proportions of cationic lipids into D-Lin-MC3-DMA and SM-102-based LNPs and evaluated their impact on innate immune activation, along with long-term humoral and cellular immune responses. Our results showed that in MC3-based LNPs, cationic lipids significantly improved anti-tumor efficacy, though slightly diminished long-term humoral and cellular immunity. In contrast, in SM-102-based LNPs, cationic lipids enhanced anti-tumor effects without negatively impacting long-term immunity. These findings suggest that adding cationic lipid as an additional component allows for the fine-tuning of mRNA-LNP immunogenicity, expanding the potential applications of mRNA vaccines and simplifying LNP design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controllable synthesis of uniform small-sized MgCO3 from Mg2+ concentrated seawater brine for the preparation of epoxy resin composite and high purity MgO","authors":"Shuo Yan,&nbsp;Hongfei Guo,&nbsp;Dapeng Zhang,&nbsp;Yun Li,&nbsp;Jilin Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The large and uneven grain size of anhydrous magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃) seriously restricts its application ranges and performances. In this study, we proposed a controllable and cost-effective strategy to synthesize uniform small-sized MgCO₃ from Mg²⁺ concentrated seawater brine in the absence of crystal modifiers. In this process, solid NaOH was directly added to Mg²⁺ concentrated seawater brine to completely and rapidly convert Mg²⁺ to magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are redispersed in water to form the colloidal system, where Mg(OH)₂ nanoparticles hydrothermally reacts with urea to obtain uniform small-sized MgCO₃ particles. The influence of reaction temperature, reaction time, and the molar ratio of magnesium ions to urea on the synthesis of MgCO₃ is systematically investigated. In the highly-dispersed and stable colloidal system, Mg(OH)₂ nanoparticles could exert an effective and sustained retarding effect on the hydrolysis rate of urea by attracting free water, resulting in the controllable release of NH₄⁺, CO₃²⁻, and Mg²⁺. This study presents a simple route to realize the controllable synthesis of uniform small-sized MgCO₃ particles, and demonstrates the feasibility of using MgCO₃ as an ideal filler for enhancing the performance of polymers as well as an ideal precursor for high-purity MgO production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 154-166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of a novel activated carbon from wheat dust and its adsorption mechanism for tetracycline hydrochloride","authors":"Hailong Fu ,&nbsp;Xue Song ,&nbsp;Yongde Liu ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Jihong Zhao ,&nbsp;Feiyue Wang ,&nbsp;Zeying Zhang ,&nbsp;Zengchen Su ,&nbsp;Han Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.11.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.11.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a method for preparing activated carbon (AC) from wheat dust (WD) was developed to achieve efficient removal of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). The AC, prepared through response surface methodology with a carbonization temperature of 590 °C, a NaOH to WD ratio of 4:1, and an activation temperature of 800 °C, exhibited a high specific surface area of 2821.58 m²/g. It demonstrated a remarkable TCH removal capacity of 1414.65 mg/g in aqueous solution. The AC retained an adsorption capacity of 1035.36 mg/g after five cycles and maintained over 80% of its adsorption capacity in different water bodies. The adsorption of TCH by AC, primarily controlled by surface sites through chemical and physical interactions, involved mechanisms such as pore-filling, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π-cation interactions, and π-π interactions. This study highlights the potential of WD in preparing effective adsorbents, providing valuable insights for the comprehensive utilization of similar byproducts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 12-24"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistically enhanced capture of perfluorooctanoic acid using a novel dual metal-organic framework adsorbent","authors":"Heng Lin ,&nbsp;Zhouheng Xia ,&nbsp;Kunpeng Xue ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Zhou ,&nbsp;Yifan Yao ,&nbsp;Na Ma ,&nbsp;Wei Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) have gained widespread attention as potential adsorbents for the removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). However, single-component MOF often exhibit limitations in adsorption capacity, functionality, and pore structure. Hereby, we innovatively designed and synthesized a dual-metal core-shell MOF composite adsorbent, MIL-101(Cr)@ZIF-8 (a chromium-zinc bimetallic MOF, CZDM), which exhibits an excellent adsorption removal performance of PFOA from aqueous solutions. The results showed that the CZDM composite material has a high specific surface area (2091 m²/g), with pore structures exhibiting typical micropores (∼1.16 nm) and mesopores (∼3.4 nm), which are crucial for the efficient adsorption of PFOA. SEM and TEM images revealed that CZDM has a uniform core-shell morphology, with MIL-101(Cr) as the core and ZIF-8 as the shell, maintaining a stable and intact structure. EDX analysis further confirmed the successful incorporation of Cr and Zn elements. Batch experiments evaluated the effects of temperature, solution pH, and PFOA concentration on adsorption efficiency. The results demonstrated that the CZDM-3 adsorbent exhibited rapid adsorption kinetics and good PFOA removal efficiency across a wide pH range. The superior adsorption performance of CZDM is attributed to the synergistic effect of the dual-metal active sites, optimized pore structure, electrostatic interactions, and coordination bonds. The maximum adsorption capacity for PFOA reached 625.5 mg/g, with equilibrium achieved within 60 min, outperforming some related reported adsorbents. The experimental data of the adsorption process fit well with both Langmuir adsorption isotherms and pseudo-second-order kinetics models, indicating that the adsorption process is spontaneous, endothermic, and accompanied by an increase in entropy. Notably, even after five cycles, the CZDM material maintained high removal efficiency toward PFOA. This study advances a new synthesizing strategy of the MOF@MOF, and the CZDM exhibits a potential application in PFOA elimination from water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 130-142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Segregation mechanism of 0–1 mm fine coal in vibration separation fluidized bed and its influence on the fluidization stability","authors":"Ziyi Guo ,&nbsp;Rongmiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yifan Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Zhibin Guo ,&nbsp;Ruikang Fan ,&nbsp;Yadong Zhang ,&nbsp;Enhui Zhou ,&nbsp;Chenlong Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of mixing 0–1 mm fine coal with 0.15–0.3 mm magnetite powder to form a binary dense medium. The aim is to examine how the 0–1 mm fine coal influences the stability of vibration separation in a fluidized bed and to achieve steady-state control of vibration fluidization. The vibration segregation behaviour of the binary dense medium under varying fine coal contents is analyzed in this work. The study discovers that the primary contributor to segregation is coal particles smaller than 0.5 mm. As the proportion of fine coal increases, upward movement becomes more pronounced, especially for particles smaller than 0.15 mm, where the upward segregation is most noticeable, with a peak mixing index of 8.06. The study confirms that the larger the particle size of fine coal, the higher the content limit for mixing with magnetite powder. According to studies on the process of fine coal segregation, coal particles larger than 0.5 mm move with the magnetite powder, and the mixing index remains below 3. Coal particles smaller than 0.5 mm fine coal will separate at a uniform speed in a stable environment produced by low vibration energy, with the top-level mixing index remaining constant at 26 after 6 min. Additionally, the study also examines how the fluidization of vibration separation is influenced by the segregation of 0–1 mm fine coal. The evidence shows that longitudinal density segregation within the binary dense medium competes with instantaneous density fluctuation. The longitudinal density distribution of the binary dense medium was found to be nearly uniform when the frequency was set to 25 Hz, amplitude to 2 mm, and upward gas velocity to 1.4 times the minimum fluidization velocity. The density fluctuation was found to be between 0 and 0.1 g/cm³. The best separation effect was achieved with fine coal particles ranging from 6 to 1 mm in size under these conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 167-182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}