Nano Today最新文献

{"title":"Targeting a key pro-fibrotic factor S100A4 in cartilage to alleviate osteoarthritis progression and pain","authors":"Shitang Song ,&nbsp;Xu Ma ,&nbsp;Xingfan Li ,&nbsp;Bingbing Xu ,&nbsp;Weishuo Li ,&nbsp;Ronghui Deng ,&nbsp;Jing Ye ,&nbsp;Zongran Liu ,&nbsp;Haoqi Yu ,&nbsp;Luzheng Xu ,&nbsp;Shuhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Donghui Yang ,&nbsp;Mali Zu ,&nbsp;Tianjiao Ji ,&nbsp;Guangjun Nie ,&nbsp;Jia-Kuo Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent degenerative joint disease marked by cartilage degeneration, synovial inflammation and pain, which seriously affects life quality of patients. However, due to unclear pathological mechanisms, there is still lack of specific targets at the molecular level for OA treatment. Since OA-related cartilage displays pathological features of fibrosis, such as increased secretion of collagen I (COL I) but decreased secretion of collagen II (COL II), and cartilage fibrosis is usually defined as a final-stage of OA, we hypothesized that fibrosis related factors could promote OA progression. By combining public databases with pathological analysis of clinical OA immunohistochemistry samples, we found that a key pro-fibrotic factor, S100A4, also named fibroblast specific protein-1 (FSP-1), was overexpressed by OA chondrocytes and positively related with OA progression. To investigate if S100A4 can be a therapeutic target of OA, we designed <u>c</u>artilage-<u>t</u>argeting <u>l</u>ipid <u>n</u>ano<u>p</u>articles (CT-LNP) loading S100A4 siRNA (CT-LNP-siA4) to silence the S100A4 gene in OA chondrocytes. In both mouse and rat OA models, CT-LNP-siA4 could significantly downregulate the expression of S100A4 and OA phenotype-related molecules, such as COL I, MMP-13, and IL-6, inhibiting OA progression and chronic pain. This study validated S100A4 as a potential molecular target and proved that the corresponding LNP drug formulation was effective for the OA treatment at various animal models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102755"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NTR rapidly activated photosensitizers for high-signal-to-noise imaging and type I photodynamic therapy","authors":"Xingwei Li ,&nbsp;Jiahong Ai ,&nbsp;Yurong Zhang ,&nbsp;Fangjun Huo ,&nbsp;Caixia Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although nitroreductase (NTR) response-based photosensitive dyes have been widely developed for active photodynamic therapy, their small Stokes shift, uncontrolled enzymatic reaction rates, and poor photodynamic effect have resulted in unsatisfactory biological imaging and therapeutic applications of dyes. In particular, the sensitivity of the probe is more required to reveal the relationship between hypoxia-inducible factors-1α (HIF-1α) and NTR. Traditional hemicyanine dyes by the introduction of benzyl nitrobenzene were used for bioimaging and photodynamic therapy. Due to the relatively weak electron-withdrawing contribution of indole salt, the dye has longer absorption wavelength and slow response to NTR with a small Stokes shift. Thus, we choose pyridine salt with strong electron-withdrawing ability to replace the indole part. The increased ability to electron-withdrawing leads to an uneven charge distribution, which shortens the conjugation length resulting in the absorption blue shift and the Stokes shift increasing. Further, the nitro group directly was connected on the other side of the fluorophore to improve the reduction potential of the dye. In this way, not only NTR can respond nitro quickly, but also photosensitive dye is prone to electron transfer, which can realize type I photodynamic therapy. Interestingly, we found that the HIF-1α can regulate NTR level through bioimaging with such a well-performing probe, and that inhibitors of HIF-1α can inhibit the expression of NTR, while inhibitors of NTR are ineffective in inhibiting HIF-1α.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102768"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Thermal bubbles”: Photothermally triggered by a carbon monoxide nanocontainer for antibiosis and immune modulation therapy","authors":"Tiexin Ding ,&nbsp;Lan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Chen ,&nbsp;Dayan Ma ,&nbsp;Jing Han ,&nbsp;Yong Han","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon monoxide (CO) has multi-biofunctions, including antibiosis and immunoregulation, promising great therapeutic potential. However, poor controllability of releasing, unbalanced dose for antibiosis and cytocompatibility, and unexplored antibacterial mechanism, limit its practical application. To address these issues, a photo-responsive COT nanocontainer is designed on Ti by loading thermosensitive CO donors in PDA-modified TiO₂ nanotubes. The nanocontainer shows outstanding photothermal properties, so as to break the Mn-CO bonds of CO donors under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, generating thermal CO bubbles on-demand by regulating NIR power, and thus realizing different therapy modes. At antibacterial mode of COT with high-power NIR irradiation (e.g., 0.7 W cm⁻²), abundant hyperthermal CO bubbles from COT kill bacteria efficiently by inducing bacterial ferroptosis, which is demonstrated by hallmarks of overloaded Fe ions, lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, etc. At immunoregulation mode with low-power NIR irradiation (e.g., 0.3 W cm⁻²), mild thermal CO bubbles help macrophages to polarize into anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, and they combine with cytokines from M2 macrophages to promote fibroblast response. These dual therapy modes of COT are verified to kill bacteria, modulate immunoreaction, and accelerate tissue repair in infected models. This study provides a controllable therapy strategy for using CO in treating infection and improving tissue regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102758"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-functional lipid nanoformulations for enhancing the efficacy of mRNA tumor vaccines by reversing tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment","authors":"Yufeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Liuwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Gao ,&nbsp;Shubo Du ,&nbsp;Qixian Chen ,&nbsp;Xueguang Lu ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>mRNA tumor vaccines relying solely on the immune killing effect are inadequate for achieving efficient tumor suppression, primarily because tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME) significantly impedes the function of Cytotoxic T lymphocytes. To enhance the efficacy of mRNA vaccines, we developed a tumor-targeted nanoformulation co-loaded with a CPT-derived SN38 prodrug and siPD-L1 (RSLNP/siPD-L1) for co-administration with mRNA vaccines. Low-dose SN38 not only inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells but also induces immunogenic cell death, which, in combination with siPD-L1-mediated immune checkpoint blockade can jointly reverse TIME. Antitumor studies showed that RSLNP/siPD-L1 increased the tumor inhibition rate of mRNA vaccines by 47.7 % in melanoma-bearing mice and by 26.1 % in breast cancer-bearing mice. Immune analysis indicated that RSLNP/siPD-L1 not only promoted the maturation of local antigen-presenting cells as well as the secretion of immune factors, but also enhanced the infiltration, activation, and killing effects of cytotoxic lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment, transforming “cold tumors” into “hot tumors”. The developed RSLNP/siPD-L1 significantly enhances the antitumor efficacy of mRNA vaccines and provides a new strategy for clinical cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102757"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ TEM study of phase transformation in oxide semiconductors","authors":"Jijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Chang-Ming Liu ,&nbsp;Charlotte Wouters ,&nbsp;Musbah Nofal ,&nbsp;Piero Mazzolini ,&nbsp;Oliver Bierwagen ,&nbsp;Martin Albrecht","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultra-wide bandgap oxide semiconductors are essential for advanced high-power electronics into the next generation. Despite their theoretical advantages over traditional semiconductors such as GaN and SiC, fully harnessing their potential is hindered by an insufficient understanding of critical material properties, particularly phase formation. One significant challenge is controlling the various polymorphs to create well-defined heterostructures with engineered properties. This review provides an overview of the capabilities and applications of <em>in situ</em> transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in semiconductor research, specifically addressing how it enables the study of phase transformations and charge distributions at the atomic level. We begin by introducing modern <em>in situ</em> TEM systems, detailing their advanced features and functionalities that enable real-time observation of dynamic processes at the nanoscale. Next, we explore the studies of phase transformations in Ga₂O₃ and (Al_xGa_1-x)₂O₃, with a particular focus on the pioneering work conducted by our group. These studies reveal critical insights into crystallization pathways, phase stability, and phase diagrams, highlighting the role of in-situ TEM in elucidating how these factors influence material properties. Finally, we offer perspectives on the future contributions of <em>in situ</em> TEM techniques, emphasizing their potential to drive semiconductor research forward through enhanced spatial and temporal resolution, improved environmental control, and novel analytical capabilities. This review aims to equip readers with a fundamental understanding of <em>in situ</em> TEM and inspire further advancements in the field of semiconductor materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102766"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis drives graphene quantum dots-induced inflammatory response in liver macrophages","authors":"Xiaomeng Ding ,&nbsp;Qing Liu ,&nbsp;Yueyue Mu ,&nbsp;Yanting Pang ,&nbsp;Jiawei Wu ,&nbsp;Jialin Lei ,&nbsp;Haopeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuna Cao ,&nbsp;Ting Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), with photoluminescent properties, high stability, and excellent biocompatibility, hold tremendous potential in biomedicine. It is urgent to evaluate their safety and potential health risks to promote their clinical application. Kupffer cells (KCs), as primary immune cells encountered by foreign substances entering the liver and integral to liver immunity, have yet to be systematically studied for toxicity responses to different GQDs. This study focused on three widely used GQDs (OH-GQDs, N-GQDs, and NH₂-GQDs), examining their effects on KCs and elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Our findings suggested that the toxicity levels of the three GQDs on KCs are ranked as OH-GQDs &gt; N-GQDs &gt; NH₂-GQDs, with inflammation being the main form of toxic effect, which was a consequence of GQD-induced calcium homeostasis disruption. Specifically, cytoplasmic calcium imbalance caused by GQDs leaded to mitochondrial Ca^2 + overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, and mtROS generation, which subsequently activated the NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent inflammation. Crucially, we identified upstream mechanistic differences in calcium homeostasis disruption induced by each GQDs, with the most toxic OH-GQDs inducing ER stress-mediated Ca²⁺ release, which was closely related to the depletion of GSH caused by the generation of oxygen free radicals (•OH and O₂•−). By tracing Ca²⁺ homeostasis, this work comprehensively mapped the upstream and downstream mechanisms of GQD-induced liver macrophage inflammation, providing new insights into the toxic effects of GQDs. Additionally, linking the intrinsic properties of GQDs, we identified the molecular initiating events of OH-GQDs mediated excessive inflammation in KCs, offering strategies for the de novo safe design of GQDs that target the content of oxygen-containing functional groups and the generation capacity of free radicals, which is of great significance for the development of safe, non-toxic, and efficient GQDs for clinical diagnosis and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"63 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inside Back Cover - Graphical abstract TOC/TOC in double column continued from OBC if required, otherwise blank page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1748-0132(25)00136-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1748-0132(25)00136-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102764"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outside Back Cover - Graphical abstract TOC/TOC in double column/Cover image legend if applicable, Bar code, Abstracting and Indexing information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1748-0132(25)00137-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1748-0132(25)00137-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102765"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOF nanozyme mediated bacterial metabolic regulation to intervene MRSA antibiotic tolerance for enhanced antimicrobial efficacy","authors":"Mingkai Wang ,&nbsp;Ruiyang Li ,&nbsp;Shihao Sheng ,&nbsp;Huijian Yang ,&nbsp;Xuan Tang ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Fuxiao Wang ,&nbsp;Qin Zhang ,&nbsp;Long Bai ,&nbsp;Xiao Chen ,&nbsp;Jie Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiang Ren ,&nbsp;Han Liu ,&nbsp;Jiacan Su","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens poses a significant threat to human health, with methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) being particularly concerning. Although vancomycin has long been the standard treatment for MRSA, its repeated use can lead to antibiotic tolerance and resistance. The accumulation of bacterial metabolites contributes to this tolerance, suggesting that modulation of bacterial metabolic pathways may provide a novel solution. Herein, we developed Ga/Cu-MOF nanomyze, characterized by a high specific surface area, which could be capable of loading antibiotics and serve as a dual-metal ion reservoir for the sustained release of gallium ions (Ga³⁺) and copper ions (Cu²⁺). These ions independently inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and promoted the decomposition of S-nitrosothiols (RSNO), significantly reducing MRSA's tolerance to vancomycin. Moreover, Ga/Cu-MOF induced programmed cell death in MRSA, specifically targeting ferroptosis and cuproptosis. Antibiotic-loaded nanomyze exhibited robust synergistic antibacterial properties, including the inhibition of biofilm formation and the clearance of intracellular bacteria in macrophages. In preclinical models of skin defect infections in mice and osteomyelitis in rats, Ga/Cu-MOF showed the ability to regulate the host inflammatory response, facilitating faster recovery. Our goal is to reduce bacterial tolerance by modulating metabolic pathways and enhance antibacterial efficacy through bacterial cell death, thereby presenting a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the clinical management of multidrug-resistant bacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102753"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photo-driven bacterial motor for tumor-targeted deep penetration and destruction while reducing hepatotoxicity","authors":"Meng Zhang ,&nbsp;Huifang Nie ,&nbsp;Guangwei Jiang ,&nbsp;Cyrille Boyer ,&nbsp;Dan Peer ,&nbsp;Rongqin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Live bacteria-based therapeutics show immense promise in cancer treatment due to their combined tumor-killing and immune-modulating functions. However, their clinical application is limited by their vulnerability to macrophage clearance, their struggle to penetrate deeply into tumors due to their micron-scale size, and their high off-target liver toxicity. In this study, we present the concept of \"targeted photothermal microbial motor\". This motor is created by loading photothermal nanoparticles onto the clinical attenuated <em>Salmonella typhimurium</em> VNP20009 (VNP) and encapsulating them within a macrophage membrane (IP@VNP@M). The encapsulation within the M1 macrophage membrane provides the motor with tumor-targeting enrichment capacity. Notably, this tumor-enriched bacterial motor can stimulate accelerated bacterial movement (a 4.0-fold increase in speed) under mild photothermal excitation by near-infrared (NIR) light. This acceleration, combined with the bacteria's hypoxia-targeting ability, enables deep tumor penetration and high uptake. The photothermal bacterial motor utilizes the synergy of photothermal effects and bacteria to polarize M2 phenotypic tumor-associated macrophages into the M1 phenotype. This results in efficient tumor killing and triggers a robust anti-tumor immune response, significantly extending the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Importantly, this precise tumor-targeting capability of the bacterial motor allows them to avoid the hepatotoxicity typically induced by VNP. Therefore, the bacterial motor presents a promising alternative for bacteria-based tumor therapy, offering enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102752"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}