Nano Today最新文献

{"title":"Stimuli-responsive halloysite colloidosomes for active delivery of antiviral agents in plant protection","authors":"Avital Ella Ben-Haim ,&nbsp;Reut Amar Feldbaum ,&nbsp;Uri Perry ,&nbsp;Antolin Jesila Jesu Amalraj ,&nbsp;Karthik Ananth Mani ,&nbsp;Einat Zelinger ,&nbsp;Einat Native-Roth ,&nbsp;Mohamed Samara ,&nbsp;Aviv Dombrovsky ,&nbsp;Guy Mechrez","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel root protection method against Tobamovirus, using thermally responsive water-in-oil colloidosomes stabilized by halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). These colloidosomes are formed <em>in situ</em> through a cost-effective process using HNTs, canola oil, water, and two trietoxysilanes: (3-aminopropyl)trietoxysilanes (APTES) and Dodecyltriethoxysilane (DTES). The combination of hydrophilic APTES and hydrophobic DTES allows precise control over emulsion type and enables the formation of stable colloidosomes. A key feature of this system is the solar-triggered release of chlorinated trisodium phosphate (Cl-TSP), an antiviral agent that disinfects the root area and inactivates viral particles. The amount and timing of Cl-TSP release were measured, demonstrating controlled and localized delivery. The formulation provided high protection in tomato plants, while remaining biofriendly and environmentally safe. This work offers a smart-release platform for effective and sustainable crop protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102904"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical strength and biomechanics of extracellular vesicles","authors":"Yuewen Zhai ,&nbsp;Ji Fang ,&nbsp;Fang He ,&nbsp;Ziyuan Qin ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Siwen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as essential mediators of intercellular communication and play a pivotal role in both physiological and pathological processes. Their mechanical strength and biomechanical properties not only dictate structural stability, in vivo delivery efficiency, and biological functionality but also have significant implications for disease diagnosis and targeted therapy. This review systematically summarizes the methodologies and key parameters used to assess the mechanical strength of EVs, and synthesizes current evidence identifying the internal protein network, membrane cholesterol and phospholipid composition, AQP1 and other membrane protein expression levels, and vesicle size differences as primary structural determinants of EV elasticity. Furthermore, the physiological state of the source cells, production processes, and external mechanical forces are also recognized as critical factors shaping EV mechanical properties. In addition, this review comprehensively discusses the adaptive behaviors of EVs with distinct mechanical characteristics in complex biological environments, with a particular focus on their transmembrane transport, circulation dynamics, and targeted delivery capabilities, and delineates the mechanistic principles by which EVs with varying elasticity achieve prolonged circulation and subsequent uptake by recipient cells. Based on recent advances, this review also explores the potential applications of the mechanical properties and biomechanical principles of EVs in quality control assessment, disease diagnostics, and drug delivery, while offering a forward-looking perspective on their future development in the biomedical field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102905"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-responsive glucose/pH degradable nanozyme hydrogel with cascade catalytic antibacterial performance for infected diabetic wound treatment","authors":"Shuang Zhao ,&nbsp;Wujie Guo ,&nbsp;Guoye Yang ,&nbsp;Peng Hu ,&nbsp;Yidi Liu ,&nbsp;Liang Chen ,&nbsp;Shiping Ning ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Cao ,&nbsp;Yanfei Pan ,&nbsp;Jiahua Shi ,&nbsp;Wei Jiang ,&nbsp;Decheng Lu ,&nbsp;Huiqiao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetic wound infections often lead to excessive inflammation, resulting in chronic or non-healing wounds. Effectively addressing the unique characteristics of the wound microenvironment for precise and safe treatment remains a significant challenge. In this work, we report the construction of novel, capsule-like natural glucose oxidase (GO_x)-loaded metal-phenolic nanozymes (GO_x-Zn²⁺/Cu²⁺-TA-VO_x, GZ-TA-VO_x), which is anchored to a pH/glucose dual-responsive degradable hydrogel composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and phenylboronic-acid-grafted sodium alginate (SA-PBA) for managing bacterial infections in diabetic wounds. The GZ-TA-VO_x nanozymes exhibit efficient peroxidase (POD)-like and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like activities, as well as photothermal antibacterial properties. Additionally, the GO_x in GZ-TA-VO_x consumes glucose, producing hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and gluconic acid, which ameliorates hyperglycemia at the wound site and enhances the catalytic activity of the GZ-TA-VO_x nanozymes. Encapsulation in a PVA/SA-PBA hydrogel provides tissue adhesion, self-healing, and degradable properties, enabling controlled drug release and synergistic effects for enhanced wound healing. <em>In vivo</em> experiments demonstrated that the GZ-TA-VO_x hydrogel effectively alleviated inflammation, promoted angiogenesis and epithelial cell proliferation, and facilitated wound recovery, highlighting its potential for managing diabetic wounds. Overall, this work introduces a new synthesis approach for metal-phenolic nanozymes and presents a promising strategy for treating bacterial-infected diabetic wounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102906"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into therapeutic strategies against Zika virus from virus–host interactions","authors":"Qiqi Li ,&nbsp;Yuhan Dong ,&nbsp;Zehong Chen ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zengming Wang ,&nbsp;Nan Liu ,&nbsp;Mei Lu ,&nbsp;Wei Zhu ,&nbsp;Haonan Xing ,&nbsp;Aiping Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global climate change has created favorable conditions for the transmission and expansion of the Zika virus (ZIKV), with the risk of ZIKV re-emergence posing an ongoing biosecurity threat. However, the lack of effective anti-Zika drugs makes the clinical application of symptom-relieving therapies the only available option. Recent progress in understanding virus–host interactions has significantly accelerated the development of innovative antiviral strategies against ZIKV infection. This review examines the challenges encountered in the development of anti-ZIKV drugs and explores potential therapeutic strategies through a novel ZIKV–host interaction perspective. Moreover, this review systematically outlines novel anti-ZIKV drug strategies, including promising molecular mechanisms and potential targets derived from ZIKV, replication-associated host factors, and immune system elements for drug design. Targeting ZIKV structural components to disrupt its life cycle remains a conventional antiviral strategy, while targeting replication-associated host factors and developing drugs that modulate host cellular processes represent promising therapeutic approaches. The frequently neglected antagonistic effect of ZIKV on innate host immunity and corresponding antiviral strategies are also examined in this review. More importantly, recent progress in antiviral strategies during pregnancy and anti-ZIKV drug delivery strategies are examined, with a focus on potential challenges and future directions for anti-Zika drugs. Further, regulating key placental blood barrier targets represents a promising therapeutic strategy against ZIKV during pregnancy. The progress of anti-ZIKV drug delivery systems enable maximum therapeutic efficacy. This review proposes an integration of potential intervention strategies from the perspective of ZIKV–host interactions, thereby aiming to establish a foundation for future anti-ZIKV research while accelerating the translation of anti-ZIKV therapeutics into clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102902"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerogels as next-generation electrocatalysts for water electrolysis and beyond","authors":"Balamurugan Muthukutty ,&nbsp;Ponnaiah Sathish Kumar ,&nbsp;Jun-Hyung Im ,&nbsp;Periakaruppan Prakash ,&nbsp;Daeho Lee ,&nbsp;Young-Ki Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising energy demand and depletion of conventional fuels have led to intensified interest in water-splitting as a sustainable clean energy resolution. Accordingly, developing efficient catalytic materials have become vital for advancing key electrochemical processes, including the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and overall water electrolysis, which are essential for energy conversion technologies (e.g., metal-air batteries, fuel cells, and water-splitting devices). Given the need for innovative solutions in this domain, aerogel (AG)-based materials have emerged as leading candidates, distinguished by their highly porous microstructure, tunable properties, and diverse synthesis approaches. The goal of this review is to offer a thorough examination of AG catalysts, elucidating why they are pivotal for addressing current challenges in electrocatalysis. We explore their synthesis techniques, structural characterization methods, and roles in enhancing electrochemical kinetics and electrode activity. The discussion extends to their ability to lower overpotentials, boost catalytic performance, and prolong cycle life, making them indispensable for sustainable energy applications. Furthermore, the incorporation of Density Functional Theory (DFT) as a computational tool provides deeper insights into molecular pathways and reaction mechanisms in water-splitting, strengthening the connection between experimental and theoretical studies. Finally, this review identifies future directions and addresses the challenges in developing cost-effective, high-efficiency AG-based catalysts, underscoring their potential to transform clean energy production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102901"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifouling zwitterionic coating enhances electrochemical aptamer-based sensors for therapeutic drug monitoring","authors":"Haowei Duan ,&nbsp;Shuhua Peng ,&nbsp;Shuai He ,&nbsp;Shi-Yang Tang ,&nbsp;Keisuke Goda ,&nbsp;Chun H. Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors have experienced remarkable growth across a broad range of applications, such as precision medicine, chronic disease management, food safety, and environmental monitoring, due to their exceptional capability for real-time and continuous monitoring of biomarkers. However, biofouling in complex biological environments remains a critical challenge for the E-AB sensors, compromising signal strength, operational stability, and biosensing specificity. Here, we present a zwitterionic coating strategy that integrates poly-sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) and polydopamine (PDA) to enhance the antifouling properties of the E-AB sensors, thereby enabling sensitive, stable, and accurate detection of a model antibiotic drug, vancomycin. The durable and hydrophilic antifouling layer was grafted onto the electrode surface to minimize signal drift while preserving sufficient signal on the E-AB sensors. The SBMA@PDA coating was systematically optimized and demonstrated superior resistance to biofouling under various environmental conditions, including pH, temperature, and mechanical stress. Furthermore, the coating was incorporated into a wearable microneedle patch for monitoring vancomycin dynamics in artificial interstitial fluids, achieving robust stability and performance. These findings establish a reliable and effective antifouling approach, advancing the practical application of E-AB sensors for continuous therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical and wearable healthcare settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102892"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The landscape of nanomedical clinical trials","authors":"Evin Gultepe,&nbsp;Raghnya Valluru,&nbsp;Nik Bear Brown,&nbsp;Srinivas Sridhar","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanotechnology has transformed healthcare, leading to the clinical adoption of numerous nanomedical products. To evaluate their clinical translation, we analyzed all trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov using a novel nanomedicine lexicon developed through expert curation and generative AI. This approach identified 4114 nanomedical clinical trials (out of more than 500,000) forming the Nanomedical Clinical Trials (NanoCT) dataset. Our analysis reveals a 38 % rise in nanomedical trials in recent years. While oncology remains dominant (30 %), emerging applications—particularly in infectious diseases, driven by the rise of mRNA vaccines—demonstrate the field’s expanding therapeutic scope. This diversification is further evidenced by the growing use of micelles, polymeric, and metallic nanoparticles, marking a shift from the dominance of liposomal formulations. Despite significant advancements, nanomedical trials account for only 0.8 % of all registered clinical trials, highlighting key translational challenges such as regulatory complexities, high production costs, and clinical design limitations. Addressing these barriers requires the establishment of a universally accepted nanomedical lexicon to enhance data harmonization, streamline regulatory pathways, and improve interdisciplinary communication. This comprehensive analysis provides critical insights into the trajectory of nanohealth, identifies obstacles to clinical translation, and outlines strategies to maximize its future impact in medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102898"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonodynamic biodegradable pseduo-conjugate polymer delivery of warfarin for inducing generation of cancerous ROS and ferroptosis","authors":"Pengchen Wang ,&nbsp;Jintong Na ,&nbsp;Xiyu Liu ,&nbsp;Minhui Cui ,&nbsp;Ganghao Liang ,&nbsp;Xinyue He ,&nbsp;Haihua Xiao ,&nbsp;Yongxiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuan Liao ,&nbsp;Liping Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, characterized by low immune response rates and high recurrence. This underscores an urgent need for more effective treatment strategies for liver cancer patients. Ferroptosis, a type of cell death associated with iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has shown significant potential in HCC treatment. However, the efficacy of this monotherapy for tumor treatment remains limited. Enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and lipid peroxide formation by inhibiting the tumor cell antioxidant system has emerged as a promising anti-tumor strategy. In this study, we developed a nanoplatform, NP (nanoparticle)-BSD@WFR, specifically tailored for HCC treatment. This system combines a biodegradable sonodynamic polymer (BSD) with warfarin (WFR), a VKORC1L1 inhibitor that prevents intracellular peroxide elimination and enhances ferroptosis. Under ultrasound irradiation, NP-BSD@WFR generates ROS and releases WFR, directly targeting cancer cells. Concurrently, ROS and WFR synergistically enhance lipid peroxide production in cancer cells, triggering ferroptosis and activating the immune system. Animal studies further demonstrate that combining sonodynamic therapy with WFR-induced ferroptosis produces a synergistic anti-tumor effect, promoting a strong immune response in vivo. This study introduces an innovative therapeutic approach combining sonodynamic therapy and WFR for HCC treatment and highlights its promising efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102891"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology for diagnosis and therapy of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Recent advances and future perspectives","authors":"Chenyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Ao Xiao ,&nbsp;Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Mu ,&nbsp;Wen-Yang Li ,&nbsp;Lingqian Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a highly progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by alveolar epithelial cell damage, extracellular matrix deposition, and irreversible lung parenchymal scarring, ultimately leading to fatal respiratory failure. Early diagnosis and effective intervention of IPF are crucial for improving its prognosis and reducing mortality. Current diagnostic methods for early-stage IPF rely on high-resolution CT, histopathological examination, and multidisciplinary discussions. However, these approaches have significant limitations, including poor accuracy, invasiveness, and being time-consuming, which often delays therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, existing pharmacotherapy offer only limited efficacy in slowing disease progression due to the low bioavailability and limited delivery efficiency. To address these challenges in diagnostics and therapeutics, nanotechnology-mediated solutions have emerged as promising approaches. Contemporary advancement focuses on three domains: (1) development of functionalized nano-contrast agents, nanoprobe- and nanoparticle-based biosensor platforms for <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> precision diagnostics, (2) design of nanocarriers for inhalable drug delivery to enhance therapeutic efficacy, and (3) integrated nanoplatforms enabling simultaneous therapeutic delivery and real-time monitoring for targeted intervention. Overall, this review summarized recent advancements in nanotheranostic applications for the diagnosis and therapy of IPF. Moving forward, future research prioritize overcoming translational barriers to facilitate clinical implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102889"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary delivery of dynamic size-switching microspheres for regulation of neutrophils and macrophages in the acute respiratory distress syndrome","authors":"Xiangjun Ou ,&nbsp;Xiong Liu ,&nbsp;Qi Qiao ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Li ,&nbsp;Zhangxi Xu ,&nbsp;Tianyi Tian ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Ling Tang ,&nbsp;Tianzi Shi ,&nbsp;Li Kong ,&nbsp;Zhiping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modulation of the interaction between neutrophils and macrophages is pivotal for controlling the inflammatory response in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To enhance pulmonary drug deposition efficiency and simultaneously regulate macrophages and neutrophils, dynamic size-switching microsphere complexes (DNMP) were synthesized based on a double emulsion formulation strategy, utilizing acetalated dextran (Ac-Dextran) as the matrix material and co-encapsulated roflumilast-loaded albumin nanoparticles (BNP) and dexamethasone (DEX). DNMP exhibited high uniformity and encapsulation efficiency. Upon pulmonary administration, the micron-sized DNMP demonstrated remarkable deposition efficiency in the lungs, with a pulmonary retention time exceeding 48 h. Within the acidic microenvironment of inflamed lung, DNMP rapidly disintegrated, thereby releasing the co-encapsulated BNP and DEX. The BNP exhibited specific targeting towards neutrophils, subsequently releasing roflumilast to exert potent anti-inflammatory effects. Meanwhile, DEX modulated macrophage polarization and the overall inflammatory microenvironment, thereby contributing to a comprehensive and synergistic therapeutic strategy for mitigating pulmonary inflammation. As expected, DNMP alleviated lung injury by reducing neutrophil infiltration, decreasing the proportion of pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages, suppressing inflammatory cytokine and ROS levels, and inhibiting neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. This innovative acid-responsive dual-drug delivery system provided a promising therapeutic strategy for ARDS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102894"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}