Emerging piezocatalysts: Metal–organic frameworks and their derivatives

Abstract

Piezoelectric materials, capable of harvesting and transforming mechanical energy into chemical energy, have recently emerged as promising catalysts in environmental wastewater remediation and clean energy production. While this approach holds potential to supplant other advanced techniques, enhancing the inherent piezoelectric properties of conventional inorganic materials remains challenging. This is primarily due to their structural inflexibility and limited surface area, restricting their catalytic efficiency. In comparison with conventional piezocatalysts, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer distinct advantages in terms of crystalline structure, piezoelectric responses, porosity, and surface area. Notably, their tunable structures might improve their thermal and chemical stability at specific condition, achieved through the precise and rational design of their reticular framework based on specific application requirements. This capability enables MOFs to enhance piezocatalytic performance. Over the past few years, significant strides have been made in developing MOF-based materials for piezocatalysis, yet there remains a notable absence of comprehensive review articles on this key topic. Herein this paper aims to fill that gap by presenting benefits and uses of MOFs in piezocatalysis. Commencing with the merits of MOFs, we explore five essential advantages. We also highlight the current utilisation of MOFs in reported piezocatalytic domains. Finally, we will address the future possibilities and opportunities for optimised structure, clarified mechanisms, improved efficiency, and considerations regarding material costs. This timely review aims to insights into the advancement of highly efficient MOF piezocatalysts, fostering potential applications not limited to hydrogen (H₂) generation and pollutant removal.