Nano Today最新文献

{"title":"Kinetics control of bilayer WSe2 growth for high-performance transistors by precursor modulation","authors":"Xiaojia Yin ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Biyuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Penghui Guo ,&nbsp;Yulong Yuan ,&nbsp;Yihan Liao ,&nbsp;Haitao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jieyuan Liang ,&nbsp;Haokai Zhou ,&nbsp;Ke Luo ,&nbsp;Yifan Zheng ,&nbsp;Yu Zhou ,&nbsp;Qitao Wu ,&nbsp;Li Xiang ,&nbsp;Anlian Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2026.102998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2026.102998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of high-performance p-type two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors (<em>e.g.</em>, WSe₂) is critical for complementary electronics beyond silicon-based technology. While bilayer WSe₂, indicates superior electrical potential over its monolayer counterpart, owing to reduced contact resistance and suppressed Fermi-level pinning, its scalable synthesis remains challenging due to uncontrolled nucleation and limited understanding of vertical growth mechanisms. Herein, elucidate the atomic-scale pathway of bilayer WSe₂ growth in a molten salt-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that WO₂Cl₂ intermediates promote vertical stacking by cooperatively adsorbing on monolayer template centers, while W₁Se₁ clusters facilitate epitaxial nucleation. By precisely controlling the Se/WO₃ vapor ratio, we achieve the epitaxial growth of uniform equal-bilayer (EB) WSe₂ with high crystallinity and clean interfaces. Back-gated transistors based on EB- WSe₂ exhibit a high on/off ratio of 10⁷ and a hole mobility of 50.1 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹ , significantly outperforming the monolayer devices with 14.7-fold enhancement. This work provides a mechanistic foundation for the controlled synthesis of 2D heterostructures and advances the application of 2D semiconductors in post-Moore electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 102998"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical strength and biomechanics of extracellular vesicles","authors":"Yuewen Zhai ,&nbsp;Ji Fang ,&nbsp;Fang He ,&nbsp;Ziyuan Qin ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Siwen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as essential mediators of intercellular communication and play a pivotal role in both physiological and pathological processes. Their mechanical strength and biomechanical properties not only dictate structural stability, in vivo delivery efficiency, and biological functionality but also have significant implications for disease diagnosis and targeted therapy. This review systematically summarizes the methodologies and key parameters used to assess the mechanical strength of EVs, and synthesizes current evidence identifying the internal protein network, membrane cholesterol and phospholipid composition, AQP1 and other membrane protein expression levels, and vesicle size differences as primary structural determinants of EV elasticity. Furthermore, the physiological state of the source cells, production processes, and external mechanical forces are also recognized as critical factors shaping EV mechanical properties. In addition, this review comprehensively discusses the adaptive behaviors of EVs with distinct mechanical characteristics in complex biological environments, with a particular focus on their transmembrane transport, circulation dynamics, and targeted delivery capabilities, and delineates the mechanistic principles by which EVs with varying elasticity achieve prolonged circulation and subsequent uptake by recipient cells. Based on recent advances, this review also explores the potential applications of the mechanical properties and biomechanical principles of EVs in quality control assessment, disease diagnostics, and drug delivery, while offering a forward-looking perspective on their future development in the biomedical field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102905"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactolytic and TGFβ-inhibiting nanoplatform overcomes immunosuppression to enhance radiosensitivity in osteosarcoma","authors":"Linbang Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaruo Tang ,&nbsp;Rui Dou ,&nbsp;Heng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Cai ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Jingkun Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Liu ,&nbsp;Jiayu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteosarcoma, the most prevalent malignant bone tumor in adolescents, presents significant clinical challenges due to its aggressive nature and resistance to conventional therapies including radiotherapy. Through analysis of human osteosarcoma specimens, we identified lactate and TGFβ as key regulators of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which collectively induce an immunosuppressive osteosarcoma microenvironment. To address this, we developed a novel multifunctional nanosystem constructed by genetically engineering lactate oxidase (LOX)-anchored platelet membranes to encapsulate manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanoparticles and the TGFβ inhibitor SB525334. This system demonstrates tumor-selective accumulation while simultaneously enabling lactate catabolism and TGFβ suppression. In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that this synergistic approach effectively inhibits TGFβ-mediated signaling pathways and enhances T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, combination therapy with PD-L1 blockade significantly suppressed tumor growth and reduced recurrence rates, demonstrating robust adaptive immune responses. These findings highlight the transformative potential of engineered platelet membrane nanosystems in integrating metabolic modulation with immune regulation to improve current osteosarcoma treatment paradigms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 102953"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Layered GaPS4 dielectric for two-dimensional transistors","authors":"Liqun Niu ,&nbsp;Zhiren Chen ,&nbsp;Guorui Xiao ,&nbsp;Zhaowei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yinning Zhou ,&nbsp;Yu Zhou ,&nbsp;Huamin Li ,&nbsp;Shen Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing van der Waals (vdW) high-k dielectric layers is a key factor in achieving high-performance two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor field effect transistors (FETs). Here, we experimentally reveal that layered GaPS₄ flakes exhibit a high dielectric constant of up to 35 and a high capacitance density (∼2.95 μF/cm²), along with a bandgap larger than 4.15 eV. Band alignment of MoS₂/GaPS₄ heterostructure indicates a unipolar-like barrier between MoS₂ and GaPS₄ for electrons of ∼1.92 eV. We employed GaPS₄ as gate dielectric with an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 1 nm in a MoS₂ FET, and the device shows a low gate leakage current of 10⁻¹³ A, a high on/off ratio of ∼3 × 10⁸, and minimal hysteresis (∼20 mV). Theoretical modeling confirms that weak interactions preserve the MoS₂ channel’s inherent electronic properties. Compared to other layered dielectrics, GaPS₄ in MoS₂ FETs demonstrates superior properties in terms of bandgap, dielectric constant, EOT and on/off ratio. These advantages highlight the potential of GaPS₄ for integration into 2D semiconductor FETs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102915"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Puerarin-loaded hyaluronic acid self-assembled nanoparticles ameliorate hyperuricemic nephropathy by modulating lipid peroxidation and macrophage polarization","authors":"Mu-xuan Wang ,&nbsp;Ying-ying Chen ,&nbsp;Shu-tao Sun ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Farag ,&nbsp;Zhi-yong Zhao ,&nbsp;Shi-hai Lu ,&nbsp;Min-hsiung Pan ,&nbsp;Ning-yang Li ,&nbsp;Xu Guo ,&nbsp;Chao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2026.102983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2026.102983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperuricemic nephropathy (HUN) is a chronic kidney disease, as featured by the large amount of uric acid (UA) deposited in the kidney. Lipid peroxidation and macrophage infiltration caused by UA are two prominent risk factors linked in the occurrence of HUN. Puerarin (PEA) has anti-hyperuricemia, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity, albeit the poor water solubility and a short half-life limit its application. To improve the bioavailability of PEA, this study prepared PEA-loaded hyaluronic acid (HA) self-assembled nanoparticles (PEA-HA NPs). Release kinetics showed that PEA-HA NPs achieved the pH-responsive sustained-release in the weakly acidic microenvironment of HUN. <em>In vivo</em> biodistribution indicated that PEA-HA NPs was preferably internalized by renal tubular epithelial cells in HUN, which was attributed to the specific binding between HA and CD44 receptor. <em>In vitro</em> health benefits confirmed that PEA-HA NPs modulated lipid peroxidation though a distinctive four-pronged strategy in UA-induced HK-2 cells, including scavenging ROS, restoration of mitochondrial function, regulation of inflammatory pathways, and inhibition of apoapsis. Likewise, PEA-HA NPs could transform the pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1-type) of into anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2-type), thereby inhibiting UA-caused macrophage infiltration. <em>In vivo</em> analysis also showed that PEA-HA NPs could alleviate renal dysfunction and fibrosis by modulating lipid peroxidation and macrophage polarization. This study improves the bioavailability and long-lasting therapeutic duration of PEA, which provides a convenient strategy for the efficient treatment of HUN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 102983"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward climate-resilient and fire-safe buildings: Multifunctional surface materials integrating radiative cooling and flame retardancy","authors":"Xueyi Zhao ,&nbsp;Yu Lei ,&nbsp;Lulu Xu ,&nbsp;Anthony Chun Yin Yuen ,&nbsp;Ying Pan ,&nbsp;Vipul Agarwal ,&nbsp;Yao Yuan ,&nbsp;Wei Cai ,&nbsp;Kate T.Q. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Guan Heng Yeoh ,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2026.102984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2026.102984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amid the escalating urban heat island effects and increasing fire hazards driven by climate change and rapid urbanization, buildings face two parallel challenges: excessive heat accumulation and heightened fire vulnerability. Multifunctional surface materials that integrate passive radiative cooling (PRC) and flame retardant (FR) have emerged as promising solutions for enhancing both energy efficiency and fire safety. By synergistically combining PRC and FR functionalities, these materials can reflect solar radiation and emit heat to reduce surface temperatures, while simultaneously inhibiting ignition, slowing flame spread, and suppressing toxic smoke via gas-phase and condensed-phase mechanisms. This review presents a comprehensive overview of their working principles, performance evaluation methods, and material classifications of such materials, focusing on four main systems: organic polymer-based materials, polymer–inorganic composites, bio-based materials, and other material systems. Particular emphasis is placed on the relationship among materials, structure, and properties, strategies for integrating multifunctionality, and the influence of environmental conditions on long-term performance. Key challenges related to climate adaptability, outdoor durability, and filler dispersion are discussed to guide future research. These materials offer a promising pathway toward energy-efficient, fire-safe, and climate-resilient buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 102984"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Nanoparticle-inhibited neutrophil elastase prevents neutrophil extracellular trap and alleviates rheumatoid arthritis in C57BL/6 mice” [Nano Today 50 (2023) 101880]","authors":"Min Liu,&nbsp;Siyi Liu,&nbsp;Lin Liu,&nbsp;Jingya Xiu,&nbsp;Tian Zhang,&nbsp;Dawei Chen,&nbsp;Mingxi Qiao,&nbsp;Haiyang Hu,&nbsp;Jiulong Zhang,&nbsp;Xiuli Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102919","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102919"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Real-time ROS monitoring-guided tumor electrodynamic therapy using a metal microneedle array system” [Nano Today 63 (2025) 102731]","authors":"Xiaoxue Xie ,&nbsp;Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Zhengjie Liu ,&nbsp;Huiye Wei ,&nbsp;Minzhao Lin ,&nbsp;Gengjia Chen ,&nbsp;Zhibo Liu ,&nbsp;Mengyi He ,&nbsp;Xinshuo Huang ,&nbsp;Shuang Huang ,&nbsp;Yunuo Wang ,&nbsp;Ji Wang ,&nbsp;Huijiuan Chen ,&nbsp;Qi Chen ,&nbsp;Xi Xie ,&nbsp;Xintao Shuai","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102933","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102933"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into therapeutic strategies against Zika virus from virus–host interactions","authors":"Qiqi Li ,&nbsp;Yuhan Dong ,&nbsp;Zehong Chen ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zengming Wang ,&nbsp;Nan Liu ,&nbsp;Mei Lu ,&nbsp;Wei Zhu ,&nbsp;Haonan Xing ,&nbsp;Aiping Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global climate change has created favorable conditions for the transmission and expansion of the Zika virus (ZIKV), with the risk of ZIKV re-emergence posing an ongoing biosecurity threat. However, the lack of effective anti-Zika drugs makes the clinical application of symptom-relieving therapies the only available option. Recent progress in understanding virus–host interactions has significantly accelerated the development of innovative antiviral strategies against ZIKV infection. This review examines the challenges encountered in the development of anti-ZIKV drugs and explores potential therapeutic strategies through a novel ZIKV–host interaction perspective. Moreover, this review systematically outlines novel anti-ZIKV drug strategies, including promising molecular mechanisms and potential targets derived from ZIKV, replication-associated host factors, and immune system elements for drug design. Targeting ZIKV structural components to disrupt its life cycle remains a conventional antiviral strategy, while targeting replication-associated host factors and developing drugs that modulate host cellular processes represent promising therapeutic approaches. The frequently neglected antagonistic effect of ZIKV on innate host immunity and corresponding antiviral strategies are also examined in this review. More importantly, recent progress in antiviral strategies during pregnancy and anti-ZIKV drug delivery strategies are examined, with a focus on potential challenges and future directions for anti-Zika drugs. Further, regulating key placental blood barrier targets represents a promising therapeutic strategy against ZIKV during pregnancy. The progress of anti-ZIKV drug delivery systems enable maximum therapeutic efficacy. This review proposes an integration of potential intervention strategies from the perspective of ZIKV–host interactions, thereby aiming to establish a foundation for future anti-ZIKV research while accelerating the translation of anti-ZIKV therapeutics into clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102902"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A glucose-activated cascade oxygen release hydrogel wound dressing for microenvironment regulation of MRSA-infected diabetic wounds","authors":"Huiru Xu ,&nbsp;Xin Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Wang ,&nbsp;Yutong Yang ,&nbsp;Shengfei Huang ,&nbsp;Meng Li ,&nbsp;Baolin Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nantod.2025.102962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetic wounds are faced with a severe microenvironment of hyperglycemia, excessive ROS, and hypoxia. Developing targeted diabetic wound dressings that can improve this microenvironment to achieve efficient wound healing is highly anticipated. Here, a glucose-activated oxygen-release hydrogel loaded with cascaded nanozymes is designed to regulate wound microenvironment and promote MRSA-infected diabetic wound healing. Specifically, GOx@Zn-MOF-74 and MnO₂ are loaded into a hydrogel (HP-LT/G/M) formed by phenyl borate-grafted hyaluronic acid (HP) and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid-grafted lysozyme (LT) via phenyl borate-ester bonds. In response to the hyperglycemia and excessive ROS wound microenvironment, the hydrogel releases these two nanozymes. GOx@Zn-MOF-74 can oxidize glucose into gluconic acid and H₂O₂ under the action of O₂, while MnO₂ converts endogenous and generated H₂O₂ into O₂. The cascade reaction can provide oxygen for subsequent glucose oxidation, accelerate the reaction process, improve wound hypoxia, consume glucose, and scavenge excessive ROS. In MRSA-infected full-skin defect model of diabetic mice, HP-LT/G/M hydrogel significantly accelerated wound closure, reduced inflammation, alleviated hypoxia, and promoted collagen deposition and angiogenesis. In summary, the glucose-activated oxygen release hydrogel with nanozyme cascade reaction responds to the wound microenvironment to achieve glucose decomposition, ROS scavenge, and oxygen release, showing great potential in diabetic wound management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":395,"journal":{"name":"Nano Today","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 102962"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}