Electrochimica Acta最新文献

{"title":"Modeling Supercapacitors with the Simplified Randles Circuit: Analyzing Electrochemical Behavior through Cyclic Voltammetry and Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge","authors":"Yuda Prima Hardianto, Syed Shaheen Shah, Abubakar Dahiru Shuaibu, Mostafa Mohamed, Subrata Sarker, Atif Saeed Alzahrani, Md. Abdul Aziz","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145552","url":null,"abstract":"Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) are crucial analytical techniques for investigating energy storage devices like supercapacitors. This study employed a simplified Randles circuit model to simulate the CV and GCD characteristics of a supercapacitor. The results revealed distinct differences between the CV and GCD curves generated by the simplified Randles model and the commonly reported RC circuit models. Specifically, the RC circuit model shows current saturation at high voltages, which does not match the observed linear-like upper region behavior in supercapacitor CV curves, while the simplified Randles circuit model can capture this behavior. Notably, the simplified Randles model exhibited a low root-mean-square error (RMSE) in fitting experimental data, indicating its reliability in representing the real supercapacitor system. This discovery highlights the potential of the simplified Randles model for studying and optimizing energy storage devices, further emphasizing the significance of CV and GCD measurements in electrochemistry.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porous cauliflower-like nanoarchitectures of NiMn-layered double hydroxide as a promising electrode for oxygen evolution reaction and supercapacitor applications","authors":"S.D. Jituri, S.M. Nikam, T.S. Bane, Akbar I. Inamdar, S.H. Mujawar","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145544","url":null,"abstract":"As fossil fuel reserves diminish and the global population accelerating, there has been a significantly increased demand of alternative energy generation and storage technologies. To do so researchers are in search of the prominent and efficient multifunctional electrode materials. Therefore, in this study we synthesized cauliflower-like nanoarchitectures of nickel-manganese layered double hydroxide (NiMn-LDH) on porous nickel foam (NF) via hydrothermal method. We thoroughly examined the influence of the Ni / Mn molar ratios on the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties. Among all the studied NiMn-LHDs, the highest specific capacitance of 1005 F/g at a current density of 1 mA/cm² in 1 M KOH electrolyte is obtained by the sample Ni₇₅Mn₂₅-LDH. Additionally, it demonstrates long-term cycling stability of 3000 cycles (72.7 % capacity retention) with negligible capacity loss of 0.009 % in each cycle. Furthermore, Ni₇₅Mn₂₅-LDH exhibits excellent oxygen evolution reaction characteristic with lowest overpotential of 296 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm² and a Tafel slope of 86 mV/dec demonstrating favorable reaction kinetics. The electrode also maintained excellent electrochemical stability under continuous operation of the OER for over 50 h with minimal increase of overpotential. Thus, the work demonstrates the avenue to develop efficient electrode materials for supercapacitor and water splitting applications.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Binary solvents of anhydrous ethanol and propylene carbonate for electrolytes of amorphous WO3 films to improve electrochromic performance","authors":"Yu Liu, Longlong Chen, Jiangbin Su, Jinmei Bai, Zuming He","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145542","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, amorphous WO₃ thin films were deposited on indium-tin oxide substrates using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Anhydrous ethanol (AE) and propylene carbonate (PC) served as binary solvents, with the WO₃ films evaluated in AE+PC-LiClO₄ electrolytes. By adjusting the volume percentage of AE, the physical properties of the electrolytes were modified to improve the fluidity and wetting behavior. The analysis of several aspects, such as migration of ions, capillary flow of electrolyte and electrochemical reaction rate, highlights the important influence of AE+PC binary solvent in reducing the response time. Notably, WO₃ films in AE+PC-LiClO₄ electrolyte with a 7/8 volume percentage of AE demonstrated exceptional optical modulation (Δ<em>T</em>=75.7%) and fast response times (<em>t</em>_c=6.41 s, <em>t</em>_b=2.29 s), alongside shortened the diffusion path, increased ion diffusion coefficients (<em>D</em>_a=4.4678 × 10⁻¹⁰ cm²/s, <em>D</em>_c =8.2968 × 10⁻¹⁰ cm²/s) and electrochemical active area. Based on these efforts, the feasibility of applying AE+PC binary solvent to WO₃ electrochromic thin films has been confirmed. These results offer valuable insights for the development of efficient electrolytes and their application in electrochromic devices.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of α-MnO2 in Zn-air battery gas-diffusion electrodes: An investigation based on chemical-state mapping","authors":"Benedetto Bozzini, Alessandro Alleva, Valentina Bonanni, Regina Ciancio, George Kourousias, Francesco Guzzi, Piu Rajak, Alessandra Gianoncelli","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145534","url":null,"abstract":"Rechargeable zinc-air batteries (RZABs) could enable cheap and safe high energy density electrochemical energy storage, but durability issues impair their real-life implementation, both Zn anodes and oxygen gas-diffusion electrodes (GDEs) exhibiting cyclability issues. This study focusses on the electrochemical operation and durability of GDEs based on α-MnO₂ nanowires and Ni-core / NiO shell nanoparticles (Ni@NiO) nanoparticles (NPs) as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. Specifically, we concentrated on chemical-state mapping with sub-micrometre resolution of electrocatalyst clusters extracted from GDEs operated under well-characterized electrochemical conditions closely representative of real-life conditions. This approach is enabled by synchrotron-based Scanning Transmission X-ray Spectro-Microscopy (STXSM), complemented by high-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to assess the correlated morphological and structural changes of electrocatalyst units. Specifically, this work analyses the performance of monofunctional and bifunctional GDEs aged electrochemically under ORR or ORR/OER cycling conditions in 6 M KOH electrolyte without and with Zn²⁺ addition. In brief, GDE activity was found to correlate with the spatial correlation Mn(III) and Mn(IV), the species that favour the 4-electron ORR mechanism. Instead, degradation is accompanied by the formation of Mn(II)- and Mn(IV)-rich islands of dead electrocatalyst, Mn(III)/Mn(IV) uncorrelation, resulting from cathodic an anodic stress due to high anodic polarization in monofunctional GDEs or to the formation of inactive Zn²⁺-containing phases. Ni@NiO NPs reduce anodic stress stabilizing Mn(III)/Mn(IV) correlation.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of Binder-free Ni-Mn Oxalate Electrode for Supercapacitor Application","authors":", Irum Shaheen, Khurram Shehzad, Muhammad Ahmad, , Ijaz Raheem, , P. Rosaiah, Mohammad Altaf, Bhargav Akkinepally, Waqas Ul Arifeen, Iftikhar Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145527","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, we have prepared binder-free flexible Ni-Mn oxalate supercapacitor electrode by simple hydrothermal method. The nickel foam as substrate as well as source of Ni was employed to Ni-Mn oxalate nanostructure. The galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements at range of applied current densities exhibit efficient supercapacitor behavior with 86.3% capacity retention till 10,000 charge discharge cycles and 99% Coloumbic efficiency. The cyclic voltammetry curves at different scan rates reveal good rate capability and stability of Ni-Mn oxalate electrode. The electrochemical impedance study with lower resistance and Warburg element demonstrates higher conductivity and rapid electron/ions diffusion rate. Therefore, synergistic effects of binary Ni-Mn as metal oxalates has overall enhanced the electrochemical performance of Ni-Mn oxalate electrode for supercapacitor application.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Chemical Logic with Electrolyte-Gated Graphene-based Transistors","authors":"Rassen Boukraa, Benoît Piro, Nicolas Battaglini","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145550","url":null,"abstract":"While the usual complementary inverter is composed of a pair of n-type and p-type field-effect transistors, we show that a functional inverter can be made out of p-doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) transistors, operating in the electrolyte-gated configuration. We developed such devices on flexible polyimide substrates, from the deposition of a water-based home-made formulation of graphene oxide (GO). GO was furtherly turned into rGO by an <em>in situ</em> electroreduction step, able to tune the doping level of the material. We explored the experimental key parameters that control the electrical features of single rGO-transistors involved in the inverter, especially the interplay between gate and drain voltages and we developed a numerical toy-model in order to have a better understanding on the electric behavior of our ambipolar rGO-based inverters. Through the functionalization of the device's channel with a potassium ionophore III membrane, we show the proof of concept of an original rGO-based ion sensor able to detect a certain ion concentration threshold in aqueous media, with a direct numerical or voltage readout method, which is conforming to the emerging field of Chemical Logic, and that is less resources-consuming regarding the integration of such sensors in electronic circuits.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"201 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defective MOF-supported Poly(ethylene oxide) Composite Polymer Electrolytes for High-Performance All-Solid-State Lithium Ion Batteries","authors":"Han Luo, Daohuan Wu, Jinlan Liang, Haifeng Zou, Jinliang Zhuang, Zhuo Chen, Hu Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145543","url":null,"abstract":"Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) can effectively reduce the safety hazards associated with traditional liquid electrolytes due to their excellent thermal and mechanical stability. However, the low ionic conductivity of SPEs at room temperature and their poor interfacial stability have hindered their broader applications. Herein, we have designed and synthesized of a cyano-functional lithium salt, named Li-FBCSI, and further prepared poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based polymer electrolytes composited with defective UiO-66 nanoparticles using a solution casting approach. The as-prepared defective UiO-66 nanoparticles decorated SPEs exhibit high ionic conductivity (2.19 × 10^-4 S·cm^-1 at 60°C), a wide electrochemical stabilization window (5.39 V, vs Li⁺/Li), and an improved Li⁺ transference number (0.44). On the contrary, SPEs without the use of defective UiO-66 nanoparticles as fillers exhibit an ionic conductivity of 1.03 × 10^-4 S·cm^-1 at 60°C, and the electrochemical stabilization window decreased to 5.16 V. The assembled all-solid-state LiFePO₄ battery delivered an initial discharge capacity of 130 mA·h·g^-1 at 60°C, and maintained a discharge capacity of 114.2 mA·h·g^-1 after 100 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of all-solid-state LiFePO₄ battery is mainly attributed to the Li-FBCSI/ PEO/UiO-66 composites, where the defective UiO-66 offers a significant number open metal sites for anchoring FBCSI anions, thereby facilitating a rapid Li⁺ transport. Our work presents a simple and effective route for preparing MOF-decorated SPEs for high-performance all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Reference Electrodes Improve Our Understanding of Degradation Processes in Half and Full Cell Potassium-Ion Battery Setups","authors":"Iurii Panasenko, Monika Bäuerle, Fabian Jeschull","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145551","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical testing of electrodes for K-ion batteries (KIBs) can be strongly affected by interferences from electrolyte degradation reactions and associated crosstalk. This effects half cell measurements in particular. To address this issue, inert and stable reference electrodes are required for reliable 3-electrode measurements that allow to distinguish reversible electrochemical electrode processes more clearly from irreversible parasitic reactions. Therefore, this study evaluated K-metal and a partly charged positive electrode (K₂Fe[Fe(CN)₆], KFF), as two established solutions from the Li-ion battery field. Their electrochemical stability and suitability in various 3-electrode cell setups are evaluated in half and full cell, as well as symmetric cell configurations. Our experiments revealed that the high reactivity of the K-metal as reference or counter electrode interferes considerably with the electrode processes, leading to additional features in the voltage profile of KFF. Furthermore, any amount of K-metal led to a crosstalk-induced self-discharge of KFF. This places considerable limitations on the materials that can be used as a reference electrode. Therefore, we introduced an alternative reference electrode based on Ag/AgCl in a separate cell compartment, with high flexibility in the choice of the electrolyte formulation. To demonstrate the efficacy of this approach, we examine the impact of the electrolyte additive 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide (DTD) in 3-electrode setups, with the aim to illustrate the influence of DTD on the electrochemical processes of K-metal, KFF, and graphite electrodes in different cell configurations.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot study of electrochemical reduction of selected nucleotides and double-stranded DNA at pristine micro-/ultrananocrystalline boron-doped diamond electrodes at very negative potentials","authors":"Michal Augustín, Vlastimil Vyskočil, Ondrej Szabó, Kateřina Aubrechtová Dragounová, Rene Pfeifer, Frank-Michael Matysik, Jiří Barek, Marián Marton, Alexander Kromka","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145549","url":null,"abstract":"Pristine polycrystalline boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDDEs) – microcrystalline (B-MCDE) and ultrananocrystalline (B-UNCDE) were applied for the electrochemical reduction of several selected purine nucleotides – Guanosine 5′-monophosphate (GMP), 2′-Deoxyguanosine 5′-monophosphate (dGMP), Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP), Adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP), Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), and pyrimidine nucleotides – Cytidine 5′-monophosphate (CMP), Thymidine 5′-monophosphate (TMP), as well as low-molecular-weight double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) at very negative potentials <em>via</em> linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). Three different types of electrode surfaces were employed – \"H-terminated\" B-MCDE (H-B-MCDE) and \"O-terminated\" B-MCDE/B-UNCDE (O-B-MCDE/O-B-UNCDE). It was found that electrochemical reduction of all tested analytes (except GMP) is possible at H-B-MCDE. On the other hand, electrochemical reduction of all selected analytes (except dsDNA) is possible at O-B-MCDE/O-B-UNCDE. Ambient oxygen and preadsorption step in the manner of incubation of the corresponding sensor in the analyte solution for 30 seconds had a profound effect on the repeatability of the results and, in the case of H-B-MCDE, also on the magnitude of voltammetric signals and the possibility of electrochemical reduction of dGMP. The use of the proposed sensors and their main advantages and disadvantages for the voltammetric determination of the tested analytes (demonstrated <em>via</em> electrochemical reduction of AMP) in the presence of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NOX reduction mechanism: Thermal vs electrochemical step","authors":"Mohd Riyaz, Alexander Bagger","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145429","url":null,"abstract":"Electrocatalysis could be a promising approach to produce valuable chemical compounds from carbon and nitrogen reactants. However, several challenges related to activity and selectivity need to be addressed to make these conversion energy and cost-efficient. The NO&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=\"\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-mathml='&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;msub is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\" /&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mtext is=\"true\"&gt;X&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"1.509ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.582ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -399.4 630.7 649.8\" width=\"1.465ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(0,-150)\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-58\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;span role=\"presentation\"&gt;&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;msub is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mtext is=\"true\"&gt;X&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;script type=\"math/mml\"&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mtext is=\"true\"&gt;X&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/span&gt; reduction is an important reaction for denitrification and here we elucidate how the reaction mechanism controls the product distribution. We investigated the reduction reaction on a series of transition metals (Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn) to understand the factors governing the associative and dissociative reaction paths. While Cu favors the associative protonation path, the NO&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=\"\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-mathml='&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;msubsup is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\" /&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;&amp;#x2212;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"3.009ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.928ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -896.2 650.5 1295.7\" width=\"1.511ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(0,403)\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2212\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(0,-307)\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-33\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;span role=\"presentation\"&gt;&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;msubsup is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}