Applied Composite Materials最新文献

{"title":"Interlaminar Fracture Behavior of Composites: The Role of Interface Layers Angle and Cure State in Mode I Delamination Growth","authors":"Bijan Mohammadi,&nbsp;Alireza Yousefi,&nbsp;Michael Khonsari","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10477-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10477-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Composite laminates are widely used in structural applications due to their high stiffness-to-weight ratio and tailoring capability; however, their durability is often limited by interlaminar crack growth. Under Mode I loading, the strain-energy release rate governs delamination resistance and is influenced by both interfacial fiber orientation and the curing condition of the polymer matrix. This study presents a systematic experimental investigation of the effects of interface ply angle and curing temperature on crack propagation behavior using Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) tests on glass/epoxy laminates. Four interface configurations (0//0, 0//30, 0//45, and 0//90) were examined under different curing schedules, including room-temperature cure and thermally post-cured conditions. The results show that interfacial fiber orientation significantly affects the crack-growth resistance and the shape of the R-curve, with misaligned interfaces exhibiting higher propagation toughness than the baseline 0//0 configuration. Off-axis interfaces (0//30 and 0//45) displayed elevated energy dissipation during crack growth, while the 0//90 interface exhibited the highest propagation toughness, associated with non-planar crack advance and repeated crack arrest events. Post-curing led to a consistent increase in the measured propagation strain-energy release rate across all interface configurations, indicating improved resistance to stable delamination growth. Overall, the findings demonstrate that both interfacial architecture and curing history play important roles in governing Mode I delamination behavior in composite laminates. The results provide experimental insight into how ply orientation and post-curing can be used as practical parameters to tailor crack-growth resistance and improve interlaminar fracture performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-026-10477-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Investigation of the Low Temperature Compressive Properties and Damage Mechanisms of 3D Woven Tubular Composites with Diverse Weaving Architectures","authors":"Xin Sun,&nbsp;Yiwei Ouyang,&nbsp;Xiaoke Huang,&nbsp;Xiaonan Wang,&nbsp;Yiran Han,&nbsp;Duyan Zhang,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Xiaozhou Gong","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10475-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10475-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study focused on three typical three-dimensional woven tubular composites (3DWTCs) with different weaving architectures, namely through orthogonal (TO), shallow cross-linked (SCL), and shallow-crossed curved joint (SCCJ), aiming to clarify their low-temperature compressive performance and failure mechanisms. Axial and lateral compressive tests were conducted over a temperature range of 20 °C to -60 °C. The results indicated that the compressive properties of all 3DWTCs were significantly improved with decreasing temperature: when the temperature decreased from 20 °C to -60 °C, the axial ultimate stress of TO increased by 71.89%, the compressive modulus of SCCJ rose by 94.17%, and the lateral energy absorption of SCL improved by 30.52%. Structurally, TO exhibited the best axial compressive performance, followed by SCL and SCCJ, while SCL outperformed the other two weaving architectures in lateral compression. Low temperatures induced a ductile-to-brittle transition in 3DWTCs, with TO showing concentrated crack distribution and SCCJ presenting dispersed microcracks; the main micro-damage mechanisms included matrix cracking, fiber/matrix interfacial cracking, fiber pull-out, and resin embrittlement. The findings provide valuable guidance for the structural optimization, performance design, and safety evaluation of low-temperature-resistant lightweight components in extreme engineering fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Tensile-Shear Strength of Single Lap Joint Laminates with Defects","authors":"Jianjie Lin,&nbsp;Jiong Zhang,&nbsp;Lixiao Chen,&nbsp;Jiahe Ma,&nbsp;Qiang Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10476-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10476-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) has gained extensive application in aerospace engineering due to its exceptional specific strength, stiffness, and corrosion resistance. However, practical manufacturing processes often face limitations in mechanical precision and inaccuracies in the layup path. These deviations often manifest as fiber tow misalignments, such as gaps, overlapping defects, and mixed patterns. In this paper, these typical defects were examined as the research focus, and the debonding failure behavior at the interface between the structural skin and the stiffener was systematically studied. The influence of defects on the interlaminar shear strength was investigated through tensile-shear tests. Furthermore, the failure mechanisms of composite laminates containing defects were analyzed through numerical simulation. Experimental findings demonstrate that the 6-mm overlap causes a significant reduction in tensile-shear strength (18.13%), whereas the 6-mm gap substantially enhances tensile-shear strength (24.78%). For mixed defect configurations, the gap defect predominantly influences the macroscopic mechanical performance. It should be noted that the numerical model demonstrated a maximum error of 11.3% in predicting the failure load of the mixed defect group, though it captured the overall failure trends effectively. The specimens from the gap group and the mixed defect group did not fail completely under large displacement loads, demonstrating their secondary bearing capacity. A significant discrepancy exists between the model’s prediction and the experimental value for the secondary bearing capacity, identifying this as a key area for future model optimization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage Evolution in CFRP Laminates with Varied Initial Damages Under Combined Compression-Shear Revealed by Stressing State Theory","authors":"Dongyang Gao,&nbsp;Haojie Huang,&nbsp;Xuekun Zhang,&nbsp;Weicheng Gao","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10471-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10471-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Independent compression-shear testing of large-span CFRP laminates is difficult because conventional setups couple shear with axial loading and distort the force-transfer paths. This study develops an innovative pulley-block loading system that applies compressive and shear loads independently. Based on stressing state theory, strain data were renormalized to construct stressing state matrices, allowing the damage evolution could be treated as a system evolution problem. A clustering algorithm was employed to identify phase transition loads in the evolution process, including elastic-plastic branching points, damage initiation points and damage evolution points. These points were further used to identify differences in damage evolution and force-transfer characteristics among specimens with different initial damages. Tests on three specimens (undamaged, impact damage and pre-embedded damage) show that both damage types reduce the load-carrying capacity. Pre-embedded damage had a stronger influence on early-stage stress redistribution, whereas impact damage accelerates later-stage damage evolution. The proposed framework provides an efficient approach to evaluating the damage and stressing state of CFRP laminates and offers references for load-bearing assessment, and subsequent structural design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curing Reaction Kinetics-Based Modeling and Defect Prediction in Adhesive Layers of Composite Hybrid Bonded/Bolted Joints","authors":"Di Zhao,&nbsp;Wenhua Deng,&nbsp;Chaohua Yang,&nbsp;Cui Wang,&nbsp;Bin Luo","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10474-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10474-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To meet the load-bearing and sealing requirements of integral aircraft fuel tanks, hybrid bonded/bolted joints are widely employed in critical connections. However, defects induced by thermo-chemo-mechanical coupling during the curing process of the adhesive layer significantly compromise structural integrity and sealing performance. In this study, the curing reaction kinetics of the XM22-A sealant were accurately characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the relationships between key thermophysical parameters with temperature and curing degree were established. A three-dimensional finite element model integrating curing kinetics, heat transfer, and a viscoelastic constitutive model was developed to simulate the evolution of temperature, cure degree, and residual stress during curing. The curing subroutine was validated, showing a maximum deformation displacement error of approximately 7.5% in the cantilever beam simulation compared to experimental data. The results revealed significant concentrations of residual stress and deformation displacement at the laminate joint and adhesive layer edges. A novel defect evaluation method was proposed, combining von Mises stress and deformation displacement into a comprehensive index weighted by the entropy weight method. Validation via scanning electron microscopy and industrial computed tomography confirmed that the model’s predictions of defect-prone regions align well with experimental observations. This study provides a reliable theoretical framework for accurate prediction and control of defects in adhesive layers, which is crucial for ensuring the sealing reliability of aerospace polymer composite structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Absorption Performance of 3D Printed Lattice–Polyurethane Foam Composites Inspired by the Human Skeletal Architecture","authors":"Jialun Wang,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Wei,&nbsp;Zhengquan Liu,&nbsp;Liang Fang,&nbsp;Junjie Gong,&nbsp;Wenfeng Hao","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10472-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10472-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lightweight energy-absorbing structures are critical for aerospace and automotive crashworthiness, yet traditional auxetic honeycombs often suffer from global buckling and limited crushing stability. To address these limitations, this study proposes a bioinspired structural design featuring a functional member hierarchy inspired by the “trunk–bifurcation–constraint” load-transfer mechanism of the human shoulder girdle system (sternum–clavicle–scapula). Unlike conventional lattices, the proposed design integrates polyurethane (PU) foam to construct a series of lattice–foam hybrid composites that effectively mitigate localized instability and enhance energy dissipation. Four representative three-dimensional bioinspired honeycomb lattice structures (including baseline, high-energy-absorption, centrally-regulated, and high-stiffness variants) were fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM). In these architectures, the main struts mimic the load-bearing backbone, while the re-entrant inclined ribs induce a negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) effect to facilitate material densification. Quasi-static compression tests were conducted to investigate the deformation modes and energy absorption characteristics. The results indicate that the in-situ foaming process discernibly improves the interfacial bonding and constrains the lateral deformation of the lattice struts. Specifically, the synergistic effect between the bioinspired topology and the foam core enhances the Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) and delays the onset of densification. This study demonstrates that the proposed bioinspired strategy offers a promising route for developing lightweight, high-performance crashworthiness components.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature Dependent Performance of Thermoplastic Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) and Polyetherimide (PEI) Honeycomb Sandwiches Using Four-Point Bend Testing","authors":"Alexander Horn,&nbsp;Arturo Gomez,&nbsp;Brian Nyvang Legarth,&nbsp;Christian Berggreen","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10469-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10469-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To meet the growing demand for sustainable material solutions in structural aircraft components, thermoplastic sandwich materials represent a promising class of composites for material recycling. This study investigates the failure characteristics of seven thermoplastic honeycomb sandwich configurations, composed of two base polymers, Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) and Polyetherimide (PEI), under shear-dominated four-point bend testing conducted at room temperature and at <span>(-55^{circ } C)</span>, corresponding to the conditions at flight altitude of transport aircrafts. Face sheet properties were obtained via Classical Lamination Theory using temperature-dependent polymer data, and intrinsic core properties were derived from a nonlinear finite-element model of a representative volume element. Well established analytical expressions were employed for stiffness and failure estimates, and the effect of interfacial compliance was quantified through a cohesive-interaction sensitivity analysis using a two-dimensional traction–separation law. For sandwich configurations with straight cell walls, experimental shear moduli were found to be in reasonable agreement with simulations in the most compliant direction, whereas in the most stiff direction, consistently lower values were measured, a trend consistent with manufacturing-induced geometric imperfections not represented in the idealized finite-element model. For configurations combining wavy cell walls with thin face sheets, larger deviations and greater scatter were observed, attributable to interfacial sliding that reduced apparent shear stiffness and flexural rigidity. At room temperature, failure was frequently initiated by cell-wall buckling. At low temperature, a shift toward brittle response with core-shear fracture and/or disbond growth was observed. Analytical predictions were accurate when buckling governed but were overpredicted when fracture or disbond dominated. Interfacial integrity was identified as the dominant driver of the variability of stiffness and strength, and inclusion of interface and fracture mechanics was deemed essential for reliable low temperature design. Promise for sustainable aerospace structures was indicated for folded-core sandwiches made of high-performance thermoplastics, provided that disbond and core distortion are mitigated.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-026-10469-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147738821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Performance of Threaded Inserts in Fiber-Reinforced Composite Laminates under Static and Fatigue Pull-Out Loading","authors":"Garam Kim,&nbsp;Harry Lee,&nbsp;Rishabh Pammi,&nbsp;Swapneel Kulkarni,&nbsp;Benjamin Denos,&nbsp;Andreas Jung","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10473-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10473-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the weak interlaminar strength of fiber-reinforced composite laminates, directly tapping threads into the laminate is generally not recommended. In monolithic composite laminates where through-bolting or sandwich-panel potting is not feasible, threaded inserts are commonly used to achieve reliable fastening and maintain structural integrity. Various insert types are commercially available, and selecting the appropriate configuration is critical for achieving robust joint performance. To compare the performance of different insert concepts, seven configurations were evaluated: a direct-threaded laminate, barbed inserts, screw-to-expand inserts, tapping inserts, tapping inserts with adhesive, inserts embedded during laminate fabrication, and embedded metal blocks tapped after cure. Static pull-out tests showed that press-fit type inserts (barbed and screw-to-expand) showed significantly lower strength, with the embedded metal block performing the worst overall. Among all types, the embedded insert demonstrated the highest pull-out capacity. Flexural pull-out fatigue tests were then conducted on the threaded and embedded inserts to assess durability under repeated loading. A custom flexural pull-out fatigue fixture was developed, and the results showed that the tapping insert with adhesive provided the greatest fatigue resistance. These findings offer practical guidance on the selection and use of threaded inserts in composite laminates, highlighting the strengths and limitations of each insert family and informing design choices for improved structural reliability and long-term performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-026-10473-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147738573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olive Stone Biochar for Tuning Mechanical, Electrical and Piezoresistive Properties of Flax Fiber-Reinforced Composites","authors":"Sarina Schulte,&nbsp;Stephen Kroll,&nbsp;Franz Renz,&nbsp;Andrea Siebert-Raths","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10464-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10464-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biochar powder from olive stones can be used as a functional additive to fabricate electrically conductive flax fiber-reinforced composites (FFRCs) for sustainable lightweight design. Additionally, the conductive composites can be used as self-strain sensing materials based on their good piezoresistive properties.</p><p>For this purpose, different electrical particle network morphologies were prepared via two process routes. Firstly, biochar was mixed into the epoxy matrix (CiM). Secondly, biochar was deposited on the fiber fabric using an aqueous dispersion (CoF). As a local conductive network closer to the fibers is formed, electrical conductivity is enabled at a lower carbon content in the composite.</p><p>The incorporation of biochar into FFRCs via CiM led to a 39% increase in Young’s modulus, improved the impact energy, did not cause embrittlement, but decreased the tensile strength. The effects were less pronounced with CoF. Accordingly, the mechanical properties can be tuned to optimize stiffness or tensile strength while maintaining electrical conductivity. The increase in Young’s modulus compensated the increased density of the composite that results from the biochar additive. Therefore, biochar from olive stones was identified as sustainable additive for use in FFRCs for stiffness-related lightweight applications. Biochar was compared with conductive carbon black as a fossil-based alternative. Carbon black has a lower percolation threshold than biochar, which results in a lower composite density, but showed no influence on the mechanical properties. It is therefore more suitable for tensile-, but not for stiffness- or bending-related applications than biochar.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-026-10464-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cork-Based Composite Materials for Multifunctional Engineering Applications: Processing, Performance and Research Challenges","authors":"Guilherme J. Antunes e Sousa,&nbsp;Susana P. Silva,&nbsp;Fábio A. O. Fernandes,&nbsp;Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10468-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10468-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cork-based composite materials have emerged as multifunctional, lightweight, and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional polymer foams in engineering applications requiring energy absorption, thermal insulation, and damage tolerance. This review provides a critical synthesis of advances in cork composites reported between 2015 and 2025, including additive manufacturing approaches, bio-based polymer systems, and impact-resistant structural configurations. Following PRISMA guidelines, 54 peer-reviewed articles were selected from Scopus and Web of Science and analysed using a process-structure-property framework. Cork integration reliably reduces density, provides thermal insulation, and improves damping in fused deposition modelling, stereolithography, and extrusion-based cementitious printing, however, at high cork loadings, printability and interfacial strength suffer. Hybridisation with biodegradable polymers, natural fibres, aerogels, and bio-resins increases acoustic, fire, and moisture-buffering performance in bio-based composite systems, but at the expense of stiffness, durability, and resistance to environmental ageing. Impact-oriented studies indicate that cork-based cores can outperform certain synthetic foams (e.g. EPS or PVC) under low-velocity and repeated impact, particularly in terms of energy absorption and recovery behaviour. Advanced hybrid concepts incorporating shear-thickening fluids and architected layers have been shown to extend performance limits. Despite these advances, major challenges remain, such as a lack of industrial-scale demonstrations, poor understanding of long-term durability under ultraviolet radiation, humidity, and thermal cycling, and a lack of standardised life-cycle assessment frameworks. This review identifies key research priorities necessary to propel cork composites from laboratory-scale development to reliable, high-performance engineering solutions, positioning cork not only as a sustainable substitute but also as an enabler for next-generation multifunctional composite systems in mobility, construction, aerospace, and energy applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-026-10468-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}