Applied Composite Materials最新文献

{"title":"Trajectory-Informed Finite Element Modeling and Experimental Characterization of Triangular Gap Defects in Double-Curved Automated Fiber Placement Composite Panels","authors":"Wei′an Ren,&nbsp;Xianhua Chen,&nbsp;Jiandong Hu,&nbsp;Hua Ma,&nbsp;Liqing Yan,&nbsp;Jun Ma","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10564-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10564-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) frequently introduces triangular gap defects during the manufacture of double-curved composite fuselage panels, which significantly degrade structural mechanical performance. Most existing studies adopt idealized defects on flat plates, which cannot reflect trajectory deviations and complex defect morphologies in real engineering components. This study proposes a trajectory- informed finite element analysis (FEA) modeling approach according to practical AFP trajectory variations in engineering scenarios. Via Python scripting, the approach achieves automatic mapping from AFP trajectories, defect data, and material properties to finite element meshes. It can address the analytical method challenge of how deviations arising from arbitrary trajectory design during actual AFP affect structural performance. Meanwhile, the mechanical property effects of such realistic irregular triangular gap defects in double-curved fuselage panel are systematically investigated in combination with experimental tests. Tensile tests on curved specimens extracted from full-scale panels demonstrate that triangular gap defects induce significant stress concentration and load path distortion, leading to a 10.8% reduction in tensile strength. Numerical simulations based on the Hashin failure criterion accurately capture damage initiation and subsequent band-like damage propagation, which agrees well with experimental observations and validates the proposed modeling approach. This study provides a validated modeling framework that enables engineers to predict the effects of AFP-induced triangular gap defects on the mechanical performance of double-curved composite structures, supporting defect assessment, trajectory optimization, and structural certification for AFP- manufactured aerospace components.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-Informed Reconstruction of Assembly Stress Fields for Composite Components","authors":"Xinyu Yao,&nbsp;Haihua Cui,&nbsp;Tao Jiang,&nbsp;Xinxin Ge,&nbsp;Wei Tian,&nbsp;Kunpeng Du","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10558-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10558-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Geometric deviations and forced fitting during the assembly of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) structures induce severe local stress concentrations, limiting the mechanical performance and reliability of composite parts. To address this quantitative evaluation bottleneck, this work develops a coupled framework integrating three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) and physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), to reconstruct full assembly stress fields and synergistically estimate effective orthotropic elastic parameters using surface optical measurements for thin-to-moderately thick CFRP laminates under quasi-static linear elastic assembly conditions. The internal through-thickness stress distribution is extrapolated via continuum mechanics constraints rather than directly measured, under the assumed linear-elastic orthotropic constitutive model. In the proposed pipeline, coded circular targets unify raw DIC speckle point clouds into a consistent material reference coordinate frame. By embedding orthotropic constitutive laws and static equilibrium partial differential equations (PDEs) into a multi-objective weighted loss function, the network simultaneously estimates macroscopic in-plane orthotropic constants while providing physically-regularized out-of-plane parameter estimations through continuum constraints across the full structural thickness. The framework is validated via compression-fit assembly tests on an industrial CFRP stiffened panel. Surface strain predictions are cross-checked against discrete strain gauge measurements, while internal and back-surface reconstructed stress fields are benchmarked against a co-calibrated Abaqus finite element (FE) model for internal physical consistency. The coefficients of determination (R-squared) of dominant stress components all exceed 0.99, with global relative L2-norm errors controlled below 6.6%. Even under realistic experimental measurement noise, the maximum relative error of predicted strains within high-gradient stress concentration zones remains less than 4%. This integrated offline diagnostic tool enables quantitative characterization of assembly-induced stress fields and in-plane macroscopic laminate constitutive properties, while providing regularized estimates of out-of-plane constants, supporting assembly stress assessment within linear-elastic regimes for thin- to-moderately thick aerospace CFRP stiffened panels under forced-fit assembly scenarios.  </p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Fiber Surface Treatments on Fiber-Matrix Interfacial Bonding Strength of Continuous Polyamide 6 Fiber Reinforced Polycaprolactone Composite Filament","authors":"Yongzhe Yan,&nbsp;Shuo Sun,&nbsp;Chandrima Karthik,&nbsp;Vinoy Thomas,&nbsp;Selvum Pillay,&nbsp;Haibin Ning","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10553-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10553-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The fiber–matrix interface plays an important role in the mechanical performance of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites. In this study, plasma, acid, alkali, oxidation, and coupling-agent treatments were applied to continuous polyamide 6 (PA6) fibers to modify the interface between PA6 fibers and a polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix for fused deposition modeling (FDM) composite filaments. A thermoplastic melt-processing tow-level pull-out method was used to evaluate the apparent interfacial shear response of the PA6/PCL composite filaments. The effects of the surface treatments on fiber morphology, surface chemistry, wettability, fiber tensile properties, and pull-out response were evaluated using contact angle measurement, SEM, XPS, and mechanical testing. The results showed that the treatments changed the wettability and interfacial response of PA6 fibers. Alkali treatment increased surface roughness and water wettability but reduced the apparent tow-level interfacial shear strength. Acid treatment produced only a limited change, while acidic oxidation treatments showed higher average values with greater variability. Plasma treatment provided the most consistent improvement under the current testing conditions. These results indicate that surface treatment can affect the PA6/PCL tow-level interface under thermoplastic melt-processing conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149339630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analytical Model for Cure-Induced Spring-In of Curved Composite Parts Considering Tool-Part Interaction","authors":"Huiyang Zhang,&nbsp;Pengfei Wang,&nbsp;Bin Bao,&nbsp;Bing Li,&nbsp;Chao Xie,&nbsp;Xiang Cheng,&nbsp;Weigang Zhao,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Li,&nbsp;Fujun Peng","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10557-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10557-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cure-induced deformation is a critical source of dimensional deviation in thin-walled curved composite parts, and its prediction remains challenging when tool-part interaction is involved. In this study, a new analytical model is developed for predicting cure-induced spring-in in curved composite parts. Tool-part interaction is incorporated into the equilibrium equation as a bounded frictional shear stress, enabling a closed-form prediction of the combined influences of rubbery-stage through-thickness shrinkage, longitudinal constraint, and tool-part friction. The proposed solution is assessed against published experimental measurements for AS4/8552 unidirectional and cross-ply curved parts, while comparison with finite element results is used as a numerical consistency check between two implementations of the same physical framework. The results show that the model captures the thickness dependence of spring-in for the cases examined, with mean prediction errors of 4.1% for the cross-ply curved parts and 4.8% for the unidirectional curved parts. Under the adopted modelling assumptions and examined conditions, friction introduced only in the glassy stage has a negligible influence on the final spring-in angle after demoulding, whereas friction developed in the rubbery stage reduces spring-in. By explicitly accounting for tool-part interaction, the present model improves prediction accuracy for thin parts relative to existing analytical models. The thin-limit form of the solution is also discussed. This work provides an analytical basis for rapid process assessment of cure-induced spring-in in thin-walled curved composite structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149339019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Sandwich Plates and Honeycombs with Different Cells Configuration Manufactured by Material Extrusion Additive Technology","authors":"K. Avramov,&nbsp;B. Uspensky,&nbsp;I. Derevianko,&nbsp;K. Maksymenko-Sheiko,&nbsp;A. Salenko,&nbsp;D. Myrzaliyev,&nbsp;A. Usserov","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10559-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10559-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Comparative studies of mechanical properties of four types of honeycombs (hexagonal, auxetic, triangular and quadratic) and sandwich plates with these honeycombs are performed. These honeycombs are manufactured by additive technology. Methodologies of the experimental studies, which consist of tensile and shear tests of four types of honeycombs and three-point bending of sandwich plates with above-mentioned honeycombs, are suggested. All experimental studies are accompanied by finite element calculations. Nonlinear dependences of the tensile forces on displacements are analyzed experimentally using tensile tests. Character of samples fractures is studied experimentally. Linear dependences of applied forces on shears strains and displacements are obtained using shear tests of honeycombs and three-point bending tests of sandwich plates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149338921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Data-Driven Method for Predicting the Compressive Properties of Defective Twill Composites","authors":"Yuhang Liu,&nbsp;Zimin Guo,&nbsp;Anni Zhang,&nbsp;Zihan Bai,&nbsp;Yuzhu Pang,&nbsp;Hao Lu,&nbsp;Jiongcan Ma,&nbsp;Jianzhang Liu,&nbsp;Qiang Li,&nbsp;Kun Gao","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10555-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10555-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the effect of embedded circular defects with varying sizes and locations on the compressive properties of twill-woven carbon fiber reinforced composites. Composite laminates with dimensions of 150 mm × 100 mm × 4 mm were fabricated using the prepreg stacking and hot-press curing. Circular defects with diameters ranging from Φ 10 mm to Φ 50 mm were introduced at different through-thickness locations, including single (1/2, 1/4) and combined locations (e.g., 1/2 &amp; 1/4, 1/2 &amp; 1/4 &amp; 1/8). To predict the compressive strength and modulus under complex defect conditions, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed using four input features: defect diameter and multi-label binary spatial encoding defect location. The ANN model achieved high prediction accuracy with a coefficient of determination (R²) exceeding 0.94 on the strictly withheld independent test set evaluating single-plane defect scale interpolation, demonstrating its capability to capture the non-linear relationship between embedded damage characteristics and mechanical response. Results indicate that both defect size and location significantly influence compressive performance, and the combined presence of multiple defects introduces non-additive degradation effects. This work provides a practical data-driven framework for evaluating the residual compressive performance of twill-woven CFRP laminates within the verified material and geometric boundary envelopes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149234731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Degradation of Flax Fiber Biocomposites in Natural Seawater","authors":"V. Popineau,&nbsp;C. Baley,&nbsp;P. Davies,&nbsp;A. Célino,&nbsp;A. Le Duigou","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10554-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10554-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The consequences of long-term immersion in a natural marine environment of unidirectional flax / PolyPropylene + Maleic Anhydride grafted PolyPropylene (PP + MAPP) composites were compared with those of ageing in deionized water containing a biocide in laboratory conditions (20 °C and 40 °C). The mechanical properties under tensile loading, microstructure evolution and mass and density variation were studied over time. The drop in the mechanical properties of samples immersed in seawater is much greater than that of samples aged in the laboratory with biocide. This difference is consistent with degradation of the flax fibers potentially associated with biological colonization by fungi and bacteria. SEM observations confirmed the presence of biological colonization within the biocomposites, but the relative contributions of abiotic and biotic processes were not quantified in this study. Therefore, natural seawater ageing tests should consider both abiotic and biotic mechanisms to accurately describe the overall degradation processes occurring during the biocomposite lifetime. The mechanisms observed highlight the need to reassess protocols for accelerated ageing tests and to develop complementary experiments to determine the contributions of both biological and non‑biological factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149234720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Crushing Failure Behaviors of Symmetric Double-Corrugated Lattice Sandwich Structure with Continuous Fiber Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Yongze Li,&nbsp;Long Zhang,&nbsp;Fei Cheng,&nbsp;Shiyu Ma,&nbsp;Qinglei Sun,&nbsp;Hongyong Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10551-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10551-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lattice structures have great potential for lightweight load-bearing and energy absorption applications, but sharp-cornered nodes in traditional composite lattices can cause abrupt changes in fiber paths and local manufacturing defects. To address this issue, this study proposes a symmetric double-corrugated lattice design strategy. Using TCL as the control, three corrugated lattices, namely SCL, CCL and PCL, are designed and manufactured through a modular orthogonal assembly method. Micro-defect characterization, quasi-static crushing tests and finite element simulations were combined to investigate the effects of corrugation geometry on manufacturing quality, crushing response, energy absorption and failure modes. The results show that the symmetric double-corrugated design improves fiber-path conformity, reduces defect concentration near sharp-cornered nodes and promotes a transition from localized failure to progressive crushing. Compared with TCL, SCL increases the average crushing load, specific energy absorption, and crushing force efficiency by 16.47%, 11.54%, and 15.69%, respectively. CCL and PCL exhibit more pronounced bending-dominated crushing behavior, with crushing force efficiency improved by 37.25% and 49.02%, respectively. Parametric analysis further indicates that increasing the truss-wall thickness and characteristic width can enhance the stability and load-bearing capacity of the corrugated lattice. This study provides a design strategy for lightweight composite lattices with improved energy absorption performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149234304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiphysics Process Modeling of Single Magnetron Microwave Cured Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites","authors":"P. Schwartzkopf,&nbsp;N. Pundhir,&nbsp;K. Chandrashekhara","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10556-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10556-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are in increasing demand in critical applications, yet the standard manufacturing methodology, autoclave curing, remains costly and energy intensive. Microwave curing offers an out-of-autoclave (OOA) solution to this limitation, but many existing systems rely on similarly expensive and large multi-mode systems. In this work, 16-layer unidirectional Cycom 5320-1 prepreg laminates, with 2.5 mm thickness, are analyzed to study their behavior as they are heated and cured in a domestic microwave modified with a custom mode stirring mechanism. A Multiphysics finite element (FE) model is created to predict the complex coupled electromagnetic, thermal, and curing physics using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The model successfully reproduced the fiber orientation dependent temperature differentials observed experimentally by loading the composites one at a time into the microwave with the fibers oriented parallel and perpendicular to the dominant field direction, confirming that fiber-field coupling persists in single magnetron systems despite the presence of mode stirring. The differences in power required to cure the two panels are quantified along with the maximum temperature differences that the panels experience through their thickness and across the surface. Variation in the resulting degree of cure across the part is also reported using a modified Arrhenius equation. A parametric study on the location of the mode stirrer within the microwave cavity is performed to optimize its placement for curing uniformity. Deposited power is shown to depend on fiber orientation relative to the cavity field polarization. The predicted ratio of deposited power between orientations agrees with measured magnetron power requirements to within 6.4%. Temperature predictions by the multiphysics model exhibited agreement with experiment with a normalized root mean square error below 3% at all six sensor locations across the two panels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-026-10556-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149234303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Binding Yarn Architecture and Ballistic Performance of 3D Woven Fabrics: A Critical Review","authors":"Qingsong Wei,&nbsp;Xi Liu,&nbsp;Lvtao Zhu,&nbsp;Mingling Wang,&nbsp;Xianyan Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10552-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10552-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lightweight textile protection depends on recruiting sufficient yarn length before local damage interrupts load transfer. Through-thickness binder yarns provide an architectural means of coordinating that recruitment across woven layers. Their effects are often discussed through weave labels or isolated performance gains, which obscure the variables responsible for the response. This review organizes ballistic evidence around binder path, binding depth, interlacing frequency, binder content, and hybrid configurations. Experimental comparisons are linked to their material state, areal density, projectile, and boundary conditions; numerical methods are assessed against the binder phenomena they resolve. The synthesis identifies the competition between interlayer constraint and yarn mobility as a useful basis for interpreting architecture-dependent performance. Binder yarns redirect contact forces and deformation in dry fabrics, while resin-impregnated systems additionally involve matrix damage and crack bridging. Reported benefits of deeper and hybrid binding illustrate how this competition can be exploited within specific configurations. A three-region framework expresses these competing mechanisms without prescribing a universal optimum binder fraction. The review also distinguishes projectile kinetic-energy loss from irreversible dissipation and separates global model agreement from validation of local damage timing. Together, these connections provide a practical basis for selecting binder architectures, interpreting ballistic comparisons, and directing geometry-based and data-driven design toward measurable protection objectives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}