Applied Composite Materials最新文献

{"title":"Low cycling of eclectic shape memory composites by autoclave moulding","authors":"Fabrizio Quadrini,&nbsp;Alice Proietti,&nbsp;Leandro Iorio","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10541-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10541-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Eclectic composites are multi-functional hybrid materials obtained by the combination of already existing raw materials, which are engineered for a specific use and are commercially available. Composites adaptability to changing loading and environmental condition is a key feature for high value applications and a strong industrial background favors their implementation in those fields with a complex acceptance process. The rapid growth of the space field requires the development of advanced new materials and eclectic composites seems to have the potential to meet some specific needs. In this work, eclectic shape memory polymer composites are manufactured with the aim of prototyping a grabbing device for small space debris. An epoxy powder, typically used for coatings, is deposited between 2 composite plies of an aeronautic prepreg. Consolidation is performed by vacuum bagging and cure in autoclave; a good level of agglomeration is obtained with voids being undetectable through microscopy. The presence of the interlayer imparts shape memory capabilities to the laminate structure, which are triggered by a heat source. After 50 memory-recovery cycles, the eclectic composites show a mean shape recovery ratio of 99.9% and a mean shape fixity ratio of 47.9%. A grabbing device consisting of 2 eclectic shape memory polymer composite booms is also prototyped. The recovery test is conducted in oven at 200 °C, with the system being able to grab a small electronic board, simulating a space debris, in 3 min.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-026-10541-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real‑Time Bondline Temperature Reconstruction for Composite Scarf Repairs Via Reduced‑Order Modelling and Extended Kalman Filtering","authors":"Yongbin Li,&nbsp;Ning Han,&nbsp;Yungang Sun,&nbsp;Yuan Wang,&nbsp;Chunhe Miao","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10540-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10540-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reliable monitoring of the bondline temperature during out-of-autoclave repair of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) structures is critical for repair quality, but direct measurement at the embedded patch–adhesive interface is impractical. This paper presents the first virtual sensing framework for real-time bondline temperature field reconstruction in aerospace composite scarf repairs with structurally complex substructures. The framework integrates a thermo-chemically coupled three-dimensional finite element (FE) model, a reduced-order model (ROM) based on proper orthogonal decomposition with discrete empirical interpolation (POD-DEIM), and an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The FE model simulates a ZT7H/5429 carbon/bismaleimide scarf repair in an aerospace substructure comprising an aluminium rib and co-cured composite stringers. The ROM reduces the computational degrees of freedom to five dominant modes, enabling real-time prediction. The EKF assimilates four surface temperature measurements to estimate the bondline thermal state and its associated uncertainty. Experimental validation using embedded bondline thermocouples shows excellent agreement between model predictions and measurements throughout the complete cure cycle, with mean absolute errors below 2.5 °C. The ROM reproduces the FE temperature field with a maximum absolute error of approximately 7 °C, while the EKF-based estimates achieve RMSE values of 3.5–5.3 °C at the four monitored bondline locations, remaining predominantly within ± 5% of experimental observations, with a calibrated posterior uncertainty band achieving 76.6% empirical coverage. The proposed framework provides an efficient, uncertainty-aware solution for bondline temperature reconstruction and establishes a practical foundation for closed-loop cure monitoring and control in aerospace composite field repairs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimentally-Parameterized Multiscale Fatigue Modeling of a 3D Woven SiC/SiC Composite at High Temperatures","authors":"Fang Guangwu,&nbsp;Zhao Xiangyu,&nbsp;Zheng Mingwei,&nbsp;Gao Xiguang,&nbsp;Song Yingdong","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10539-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10539-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents an experimentally-parameterized multiscale fatigue life prediction framework for a specific three-dimensional (3D) woven silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (SiC/SiC) ceramic matrix composite operating in high-temperature oxygen-free environments. The principal novelty of this work lies in the systematic application of such a framework to this particular material system, wherein most of critical geometric and material parameters at both the fiber yarn (microscale) and woven architecture (mesoscale) levels were quantitatively determined through direct experimental measurement. Key parameters were characterized using high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) for precise geometric reconstruction of the crimped warp, weft, and stitching yarns. At the yarn level, a periodic micromechanical unit cell incorporating anisotropic continuum damage mechanics and Miner’s cumulative fatigue criterion was formulated to capture progressive stiffness degradation, matrix microcracking, and interfacial debonding under cyclic thermomechanical loading. The evolving yarn-level constitutive properties were then mapped as spatially-dependent inputs into a 3D representative volume element (RVE) that explicitly resolves the experimentally-characterized woven preform architecture. This coupled approach enables direct simulation of damage initiation, trans-yarn propagation, and ultimate fatigue failure. The framework was validated against tension-tension fatigue tests conducted at 1100 °C in a vacuum-nitrogen environment, demonstrating excellent predictive accuracy for fatigue life and damage progression mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Manufacturing Defects on Damage Initiation and Propagation in Gapped UD Carbon Fibre Composite Laminates","authors":"Aristea Giannakopoulou,&nbsp;Marie Jonsson,&nbsp;Sergio Costa,&nbsp;Sibin Saseendran,&nbsp;Mohamed Sahbi Loukil","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10538-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10538-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) is widely used to manufacture high-quality CFRP components for aerospace applications. Recently, a novel gapped unidirectional (UD) carbon fibre material has been developed, offering new opportunities for composite design and manufacturing. However, the damage mechanisms and defect sensitivity of RTM-manufactured laminates based on this material system remain largely unexplored. The novelty of this work lies in the investigation of damage initiation, propagation, and compressive performance in RTM-manufactured laminates produced from this newly developed gapped UD material, with particular emphasis on the role of manufacturing-induced defects. Thin Teflon films were embedded at the laminate mid-plane to introduce controlled artificial delaminations, enabling a systematic assessment of their influence on damage initiation, damage propagation, and interlaminar stress redistribution. Progressive tensile and compressive testing, combined with stepwise microscopic inspection, was employed to track damage evolution. The results showed that crack initiation under tensile loading is governed primarily by ply orientation, with matrix cracks consistently initiating in the central 90° plies at strains of 0.4–0.5%. Cracking in the ± 45° plies occurred only at the maximum applied strain (1.2%), indicating a higher resistance to failure. Resin-rich areas and binder-related inclusions were not observed to act as preferential crack initiation sites. In contrast, porosity had a pronounced effect on compressive performance. An overall decrease in compressive strength was observed with increasing void content, with the most porous specimens exhibiting reductions of up to approximately 35–40% compared with specimens containing negligible porosity. Artificially induced delaminations reduced the strain threshold for damage initiation and promoted more extensive damage propagation. These results provide new insight into the role of manufacturing defects in damage initiation, propagation, and compressive failure of RTM-manufactured gapped UD CFRP laminates. The findings contribute to the understanding of defect-sensitive damage mechanisms in this emerging material architecture and support the development of more reliable aerospace-grade composite structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-026-10538-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Stress Evolution and Failure Behavior in the Intra-Holes of CFRP/Ti Laminate Bolted Joints","authors":"Haiyan Wang,&nbsp;Zihao Zuo,&nbsp;Siyi Pan,&nbsp;Kun Duan,&nbsp;Xiuping Shao","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10536-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10536-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and titanium alloy (Ti) stacked structures are widely used in high-end equipment fields, but significant differences in anisotropy, brittleness, and ductility between the two materials cause complex stress concentration and progressive damage around bolt holes. Current research mainly focuses on ultimate capacity and final failure, while systematic comparisons of hole‑wall displacement, local equivalent contact stress in different ply groups, and damage propagation paths due to varying bolt numbers remain insufficient. Therefore, quasi‑static tensile tests with a progressive damage model based on the modified 3D Hashin criterion is combined, then single‑ and double‑bolt CFRP/Ti joints are compared in terms of load‑displacement response, hole‑wall local response, and damage evolution. Results show both joints exhibit a four‑stage load‑displacement curve. In the single‑bolt joint, load concentrates on a single hole wall, damage initiates in lower plies and propagates perpendicular to loading, leading to splitting failure. In the double‑bolt joint, an additional path through both holes and the ligament forms, with more severe damage around the loading‑end hole and an oblique damage band. Evolution of local equivalent contact stress in different ply groups further indicates stress release and re‑concentration in the single‑bolt joint, while the double‑bolt joint shows sustained bearing. This study reveals the effect of bolt number on local load transfer and failure modes from hole‑wall displacement and contact stress evolution, providing a design basis for inter‑hole bearing regions in CFRP/Ti joints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Fidelity Characterization of Short Fiber Reinforced Composites: A Lightweight, Topology-Aware Pipeline Robust to Resolution and Agglomeration","authors":"You Zhang,&nbsp;Zhenfei Zhan,&nbsp;Zuguo Bao,&nbsp;Heyi Fan,&nbsp;Pingfan Duan,&nbsp;Meng Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10531-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10531-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate characterization of the 3D fiber network in Short Fiber Reinforced Polymer composites (SFRPs) is critical for predicting material performance. However, existing commercial tools often struggle with “erroneous agglomeration” when processing conventional-resolution micro-computed tomography (µCT) data, leading to physically implausible fiber length distributions. This study presents a highly automated, lightweight analysis pipeline that integrates machine learning-based segmentation with a novel topology-aware morphological post-processing algorithm. The proposed method was validated on PA66-GF30 datasets at both high (1 μm/voxel) and conventional (3 μm/voxel) resolutions. At high resolution, the proposed pipeline produced Fiber Orientation Distributions (FOD) that were highly consistent with those obtained using industry-standard software (Avizo), with Pearson correlation coefficients greater than 0.93. At conventional resolution, where commercial software showed severe over-agglomeration, the proposed pipeline produced a fiber length distribution within a physically reasonable range (predominantly 30–450 μm), which was consistent with the high-resolution reference dataset. Furthermore, an adaptive tiling strategy enables the efficient processing of billion-voxel datasets on a standard 16GB laptop in approximately 45 min, a task that typically causes memory failure in standard commercial software. This work provides an automated and computationally accessible pipeline for high-throughput microstructural analysis of SFRPs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-Chemo-Mechanical Coupled Response Analysis of Isotropic Short Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Rubber Matrix Composites under High-Temperature Ablation","authors":"Shifa Fan,&nbsp;Lu Long,&nbsp;Wenxing Chen,&nbsp;Xiao Liu,&nbsp;Youan Shi,&nbsp;Lei Zeng,&nbsp;Yewei Gui","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10535-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10535-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon fiber-reinforced rubber matrix composites (CFR-RMC) exhibit excellent deformability, elastic recovery, and ablation resistance, enabling them to overcome the deformation limitations of rigid thermal protection materials. However, reliable predictive models for their thermo-chemo-mechanical coupled response under high-temperature ablation remain lacking. The novelty of this paper lies in constructing a fully coupled thermo-chemical–mechanical framework that links pyrolysis kinetics, temperature- and carbonization-dependent properties, and mechanical equilibrium for isotropic short CFR-RMC. The model framework was validated using measured back temperatures as well as the total deformation induced by ablation and thermal expansion, achieving relative errors below 0.46% and 5.2%, respectively (at 2 MW/m²). Numerical results show that significant thermal stress concentration occurs within the pyrolysis zone, which induces cracking and spallation of the char layer. Reducing the thermal conductivity of both the virgin material and the char layer can simultaneously improve thermal insulation performance and mechanical reliability. Sensitivity analysis indicates that ablation heat flux and virgin thermal conductivity are the dominant influencing factors. The proposed model provides reliable prediction and theoretical support for the design and optimization of high‑performance flexible thermal protection composites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage Behaviour and Mechanisms of CFRP Laminates under Laser Irradiation: Experimental and Numerical Studies","authors":"Zelin Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Feng,&nbsp;Zhe Li,&nbsp;Zhuojian Wang,&nbsp;Tao An,&nbsp;Zhangwen Zhou,&nbsp;Chuyang Luo","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10534-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10534-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Composite materials undergo complex physicochemical transformations under laser irradiation, and their damage evolution laws have not been fully clarified. In this work, experiments and numerical simulations are integrated to investigate the laser ablation features of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates under three spot diameters (6 mm, 8 mm, and 10 mm). The prominent regulating effect of air mass transfer efficiency on temperature responses and the staged evolution of ablation flames are clarified. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) are employed to characterize macroscopic and microscopic morphologies of damaged zones, revealing the intrinsic thermal damage mechanism induced by laser irradiation. Experimental results show that as the spot diameter increases, the laser penetration time increases from 2.97 s to 7.34 s, accompanied by an increase in mass loss from 1.113 g to 1.232 g. The width of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and upper-surface ablation hole diameter both increase monotonically, while the corresponding parameters on the lower surface first increase and then decrease, peaking at the 8 mm spot size. The finite element damage model developed in this study produces prediction errors below 8.5%. It further uncovers the internal temperature field evolution laws and verifies that the 8 mm spot provides the highest mass-ablation efficiency; this model accurately reproduces dynamic material degradation and inter-ply coupling for various fiber layups, overcoming the inability of experiments alone to capture the complete transient ablation process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Constituent Properties and Strength of CFRP via a Micromechanical Model","authors":"Jiancheng Weng,&nbsp;Xuda Qin,&nbsp;Zhitong Zhou,&nbsp;Hao Li,&nbsp;Shipeng Li,&nbsp;Guoyu Fu","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10533-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10533-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the difficulty in directly measuring constituent properties, this study explores a closed-loop inverse identification framework based on micromechanics. The framework first inversely determines the elastic constants of fibers, and then performs micromechanical analysis on a hexagonal representative volume element (RVE) to obtain both the homogenized macroscopic constants and stress amplification factors (SAFs). The homogenized macroscopic constants are employed in numerical modeling of open-hole laminates, whereas the SAFs are incorporated into the constituent failure criteria to inversely derive the tensile and compressive strengths of the fiber and the matrix. Subsequently, the inversely obtained constituent strengths are applied to material points at the stress concentration regions around the hole edges of open-hole laminates to predict the macroscopic laminate strength. Comparison with experimental results showed that the maximum prediction deviation across all test cases was 15.7%, which provided a quantitative basis for evaluating the inversion procedure. The indirect approach for deriving constituent strength parameters provides a useful reference for obtaining properties that are difficult to measure directly in composite materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Resin Flow Behavior and Impregnation Performance in CF/PP Composites During Injection Molding with Self-Resistance Electric Heating Technology","authors":"Qianxi Li,&nbsp;Zhanyu Zhai,&nbsp;Yu Du","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10537-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10537-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon fiber self-resistance electric (SRE) heating technology generates joule heat by passing an electric current through the carbon fibers, and leveraging its “inside-out” heating characteristic, demonstrates significant advantages of high efficiency and low energy consumption in the efficient forming of thermoplastic composites. Due to the high viscosity of thermoplastic resins and the complexity of continuous fiber architectures, single-scale modeling approaches are insufficient to accurately capture resin flow and impregnation during injection compression molding with SRE heating technology. To address this challenge, a multiscale modeling approach was employed to analyze the resin flow and impregnation behavior in the fiber preform of carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene (CF/PP) composites during this process. In the microscale, a periodic random fiber representative volume element (RVE) model was established to determine transverse permeability. Macroscale and mesoscale simulations were applied to characterize the flow behavior and impregnation performance at different stages of the molding cycle. Moreover, the local intra-tow void area fraction was quantified from cross-sectional micrographs, showing trends consistent with the simulations. This study reveals essential mechanisms in injection compression molding with SRE heating and offers guidance for process optimization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}