Applied Composite Materials最新文献

{"title":"Finite Element Analysis and Machine Learning Guided Design of Carbon Fiber Organosheet-Based Battery Enclosures for Crashworthiness","authors":"Shadab Anwar Shaikh,&nbsp;M. F. N. Taufique,&nbsp;Kranthi Balusu,&nbsp;Shank S. Kulkarni,&nbsp;Forrest Hale,&nbsp;Jonathan Oleson,&nbsp;Ram Devanathan,&nbsp;Ayoub Soulami","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10218-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10218-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon fiber composite can be a potential candidate for replacing metal-based battery enclosures of current electric vehicles (E.V.s) owing to its better strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. However, the strength of carbon fiber-based structures depends on several parameters that should be carefully chosen. In this work, we implemented high throughput finite element analysis (FEA) based thermoforming simulation to virtually manufacture the battery enclosure using different design and processing parameters. Subsequently, we performed virtual crash simulations to mimic a side pole crash to evaluate the crashworthiness of the battery enclosures. This high throughput crash simulation dataset was utilized to build predictive models to understand the crashworthiness of an unknown set. Our machine learning (ML) models showed excellent performance (R² &gt; 0.97) in predicting the crashworthiness metrics, i.e., crush load efficiency, absorbed energy, intrusion, and maximum deceleration during a crash. We believe that this FEA-ML work framework will be helpful in down select process parameters for carbon fiber-based component design and can be transferrable to other manufacturing technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 5","pages":"1475 - 1493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retained Hygrothermal State Compression Damage Behavior Investigation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites","authors":"Haodong Huo, Jingchao Wei, Yong Cao, Wenzhi Wang, Zhihua Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10225-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-024-10225-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper establishes a composite material damage analysis strategy that retains the hygrothermal state to investigate the damage behavior and mechanical performance characteristics of composite materials in hygrothermal environments. Initially, mass diffusion and heat conduction are equivalently considered, and a hygrothermal state predefined model is developed using a combination of sequential and fully coupled approaches. Then the hygrothermal stress field is extracted as the initial state of the compression process, and a compression progressive damage analysis is conducted using the VUMAT subroutine. Additionally, the accelerated hygrothermal aging experiments are conducted to investigate moisture absorption behavior and moisture diffusion coefficients. Then the quasi-static compression tests are carried out on the specimens before and after aging, with failure processes recorded using Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Experimental and simulation results reveal that hygrothermal conditions lead to matrix cracking and debonding from the fiber surface, generating an uneven stress field internally. This results in earlier occurrence and increased severity of delamination during the compression process. The dominant failure modes include wedge splitting and longitudinal cracking. The compressive strength, failure strain, and elastic modulus of the specimens decrease after aging. The analysis strategy developed in this paper effectively reflects the hygrothermal state during compression, aligning more closely with the actual physical processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Effects of Contact Area and Chamfering on the Failure Behavior of Plain Woven Composite-Metal T-joints","authors":"Qi Zhang,&nbsp;Zhangjie Yu,&nbsp;Deng’an Cai,&nbsp;Guangming Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10220-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10220-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper experimentally and numerically investigates the failure behavior of plain woven composite-metal connection structures (T-joints) under loads in different directions. According to the direction of load application, it can be divided into TX specimens and TZ specimens. Wherein, TX and TZ are subjected to the tensile load parallel and perpendicular to the composite panel, respectively. Test results show significant differences in the ultimate load, failure modes and strain distribution among different specimens. Increasing the contact area between the lower block and the composite panel and adding round to the contact part between the metal part and the composite panel can improve the load-carrying capacity of the T-joints. The multiscale simulation is conducted to study the failure process of T-joints. Micro-scale and meso-scale models are established to obtain the mechanical properties of the plain woven composite, and the error between the simulated results and the experimental data is less than 10%. Progressive damage analysis is then done by using the macro-scale model. The simulated failure load and damage process of T-joints are consistent with the test results. The information and proposed multiscale analysis method on the failure behavior of T-joints are useful for the optimal design of similar structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 4","pages":"1295 - 1321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140196208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Bricks-and-Mortar Architecture on Fracture Behavior of SiCp/Al Composite: A Finite Element Analysis","authors":"Xiang Gao,&nbsp;Xiaonan Lu,&nbsp;Xuexi Zhang,&nbsp;Mingfang Qian,&nbsp;Aibin Li,&nbsp;Huan Wang,&nbsp;Cheng Liu,&nbsp;Bowen Gong,&nbsp;Wenting Ouyang,&nbsp;Hua-Xin Peng","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10221-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10221-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The metal-matrix composites (MMCs) with biomimetic bricks-and-mortar architectures have been experimentally demonstrated to exhibit excellent strength-ductility match. Here, biomimetic bricks-and-mortar architecture mimicking masonry bonds was introduced in numerical models. By translating perpendicular layers on stack bond model, 1/2 running and running bond models were established. The results reveal that elongation of running bond model is the highest (4.77%), which is ∼ 1.5 times as that of stack type model. The strength of these models is similar (330 ± 1 MPa). However, it is the trade-off between load bearing capacity and fracture of SiC particles. In the stack bond model, over a small junction layer area led to a relatively straight crack path and thus lower elongation. On the contrary, running bond model shows a zigzag main crack. So, the main crack deflects frequently with high energy consumption. Furthermore, crack deflection into matrix cell increases propagation resistance, leading to the highest elongation in the running bond model. Therefore, the biomimetic bricks-and-mortar architecture delays and deflects main crack propagation. These findings have significant implication for the architecture design of advanced composite materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 4","pages":"1457 - 1473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140171564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Manufacture, and Cryogenic Testing of a Linerless Composite Tank for Liquid Hydrogen","authors":"Robin Olsson,&nbsp;Christopher Cameron,&nbsp;Florence Moreau,&nbsp;Erik Marklund,&nbsp;Matthias Merzkirch,&nbsp;Jocke Pettersson","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10219-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10219-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper describes design, manufacture, and testing of a linerless composite vessel for liquid hydrogen, having 0.3 m diameter and 0.9 m length. The vessel consists of a composite cylinder manufactured by wet filament winding of thin-ply composite bands, bonded to titanium end caps produced by additive manufacturing. The aim was to demonstrate the linerless design concept with a thin-ply composite for the cylinder. The investigation is limited to the internal pressure vessel, while real cryogenic tanks also involve an outer vessel containing vacuum for thermal insulation. Thermal stresses dominate during normal operation (4 bar) and the layup was selected for equal hoop strains in the composite cylinder and end caps during filling with liquid hydrogen. Two vessels were tested in 20 cycles, by filling and emptying with liquid nitrogen to 4 bar, without signs of damage or leakage. Subsequently, one vessel was tested until burst at almost 30 bar.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 4","pages":"1131 - 1154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-024-10219-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140171377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Non-linear Mean-Field Debonding Model at Large Strains for the Analysis of Fibre Kinking in UD Composites","authors":"Chun Cheng,&nbsp;Chunlei Song,&nbsp;Rolf Mahnken,&nbsp;Zhipeng Yuan,&nbsp;Liang Yu,&nbsp;Xiaozhe Ju","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10215-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10215-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fibre kinking is the most prevalent failure mode observed in UD composites. The accurate prediction of kinking failure is of paramount importance in industrial applications. To address this challenge, we develop a non-linear mean-field debonding model (NMFDM) based on our previous work, which efficiently captures the non-linear material behaviour of UD composites under longitudinal compression leading to kinking failure. Building upon the foundation of our earlier mean-field model, this enhanced NMFDM incorporates geometric non-linearity due to fibre rotation under longitudinal compression and the non-linear elasticity of fibres in the fibre direction. These additions address crucial aspects in kink band formation and the typically non-linear elastic behaviour of carbon fibres, which were not considered in our previous work. Additionally, we introduce a fibre kinking model (FKM) to predefine initial fibre misalignments in the geometries, allowing us to study the formation of kink bands. The FKM considers the effects of initial misalignments and fibre rotations during kinking by proposing a transformation law for off-axis cases. As a representative example, we investigate the initiation and evolution of kink band formation in an AS4/8552 UD composite by predefining various initial misalignments. The results demonstrate that our newly proposed NMFDM yields reliable predictions of kink band formation in UD composites, outperforming other existing models and even comparing favorably to micrograph observations of kink bands. Compared to our previous work, this enhanced model offers a more comprehensive understanding of kink band formation, particularly under large strains, by incorporating the non-linear elasticity of fibres in the fibre direction. This advancement opens up potential applications in designing composite structures with improved resistance to compressive failure, paving the way for broader applications in aerospace, automotive, and other industries where high-performance composite components are crucial.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 4","pages":"1191 - 1218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hygrothermal Behavior of Carbon Fiber Fabric Reinforced Vinylester Resin Composite Structures","authors":"Jincheng Gao, Xu Li, Jianhui Wei, Yuheng Zhang, Jihui Wang, Anxin Ding","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10216-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-024-10216-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The hygrothermal aging of vinylester resin and its carbon fiber fabric-reinforced composite structures is examined here, focusing on moisture absorption and the consequent degradation of mechanical properties. Specifically, resin casting and CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) specimens were prepared and immersed into the deionized water and artificial seawater, respectively, at a temperature of 70 °C. Regular weight measurements were taken, accompanied by surface morphology observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and identification of variations in functional groups through Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of resin and CFRP were periodically checked. The gravimetric analysis results indicate that resin immersed in deionized water exhibits non-Fickian diffusion due to strong hydrolysis, while CFRP obeys approximately Fickian diffusion because of the embedded carbon fiber inhibiting the hydrolysis. The examination of mechanical properties for CFRP reveals that moisture absorption significantly influences interlaminar shear strength, resulting in a maximum reduction of 13.5%.</p>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140128909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Service Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of CFRP/Aluminum Alloy Self-Piercing Riveting Joints","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10217-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-024-10217-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The effects of service temperatures on the mechanical properties of self-piercing riveting (SPR) joints of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets and AA5754 aluminum alloy sheets were investigated in this study. Three different thicknesses of 0°/90° lay-up sequences of CFRP sheets and aluminum alloy sheets were selected for the SPR joints, and these three joints were subjected to static tensile tests at four different temperatures of 25 °C, 50 °C, 80 °C and 125 °C. A noncontact strain measurement DIC-3D system was used to record changes in the strain field and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the failure area at the rivet hole of the CFRP sheet to study the damage forms and mechanisms of the joints. The results of the tests showed an average reduction of 35.4% in maximum load and an average degradation of 21.9% in energy absorption for the three joints at 125 °C compared to room temperature conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140098704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Micro-Stress Fields in Fibre-Hybrid Polymer Composite Laminae with Periodic Microstructure Under Transverse Tension and Transverse Shear Loading","authors":"G. Romano,&nbsp;Y. N. Rao,&nbsp;C. Liu,&nbsp;K. B. Katnam,&nbsp;Z. Zou,&nbsp;P. Potluri","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10213-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10213-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the effect of intra-laminar fibre hybridisation, <i>i.e.,</i> primary and secondary fibres within a matrix, on the homogenised properties and micro-stress fields in uni-directional polymer composite laminae. The study is focused on S-glass/epoxy laminae which are hybridised with secondary fibres (<i>e.g.,</i> polypropylene). Two-dimensional repeating unit cells (2D RUCs) with periodic microstructures are developed to conduct the micro-mechanical analyses under transverse tensile and transverse shear loading conditions. Uni-directional fibre-hybrid S-glass/epoxy laminae with different secondary fibres are studied by varying (a) the periodic microstructure and (b) the material properties of the constituent fibres to assess the effect of such geometric and material variations on the homogenised elastic lamina properties and intra-lamina micro-stress fields. The results show that intra-laminar fibre hybridisation significantly affects the elastic lamina properties and micro-stress fields. Notably, the presence of the secondary fibres significantly increases or reduces the stress fields in the matrix and at the fibre-matrix interfaces (i.e. normal and shears stress components)–depending on the microstructure and the stiffness of the secondary fibres–which could be explored to manipulate the damage modes and thus energy dissipation mechanisms. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 6","pages":"1967 - 1989"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-024-10213-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140098700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Investigation of Preload Relaxation Behavior of CFRP Bolted Joints Under Thermal-Oxygen Environment: Modeling and Experiments","authors":"Xuda Qin,&nbsp;Gongbo Feng,&nbsp;Xianming Meng,&nbsp;Sai Zhang,&nbsp;Shipeng Li,&nbsp;Hao Li","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10214-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10214-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, the effects of interference-fit sizes and service environment temperature on the preload and relaxation of CFRP bolted joints are investigated based on an ultrasonic monitoring method. Specimens of different interference-fit sizes were subjected to insertion, preloading and preloading force monitoring for up to 200 h. To describe the preloading relaxation response of CFRP bolted joints, a comprehensive relaxation mechanics model is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that this model accurately describe the variations in bolted preloading force under interference-fit conditions and thermal-oxygen environments. During the preloading process, a portion the axial force in interference-fit bolted joints is dissipated by interfacial frictional force and the magnitude of the frictional force is influenced by the interference-fit sizes. The interference-fit will lead to a tightly coupled interface, causing interface friction between the bolt-shank and the joint-holes, which can lead to a weakening transformation ability from tightening torque to axial force. Compared to clearance-fit condition, interference-fit can suppress the preloading relaxation effect of CFRP bolted joints to a certain extent. With an increase in interference-fit percentage (from 0% to 1.2%), the preloading relaxation coefficient rises from 94.4% to 95.7%. The additional interfacial friction effectively suppresses the creep deformation of composites. However, with an increase in the service temperature, the relaxation behavior of preloading forces in CFRP bolted joint significantly intensifies. As the environmental temperature rises from 25 ℃ to 150 ℃, the preloading relaxation coefficient decreases from 95.0% to 79.8%. High-temperature environments can lead changes in the material properties of composite and interface friction characteristics, even potentially leading to damage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 4","pages":"1323 - 1342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}