Applied Composite Materials最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Fiber Strength and Spatial Distribution Variability on the Longitudinal Tensile Strength of UD-CFRC: A Micromechanics-Based Stochastic Framework","authors":"Fei Guo,&nbsp;Xiaolan Hou,&nbsp;Xueli Zhang,&nbsp;Meng Wang,&nbsp;Ming Qiu,&nbsp;Longmiao Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10532-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10532-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced composites (UD-CFRC) combine low density with excellent mechanical properties but are susceptible to manufacturing-induced micro-uncertainties, such as variations in fiber strength and spatial distribution, which can significantly affect their macroscopic properties and compromise structural reliability. In this study, two representative volume element (RVE) models are established: the UR-RVE model with uniformly distributed carbon fibers and random fiber tensile strength, and the RR-RVE model with randomly distributed carbon fibers and random fiber tensile strength. The simulation results show good agreement with experimental data, validating the accuracy of the modeling framework. Subsequently, the tensile strengths predicted by both models are statistically analyzed using six probability distributions. Goodness-of-fit tests indicate that the 3P-Weibull distribution achieves the best overall trade-off between fitting performance and model complexity. Statistical analysis indicates that the random spatial distribution of fibers has little effect on the mean tensile strength, while increasing the standard deviation by 13.77%, reflecting the increased variability introduced by the random spatial distribution of fibers. The UR-RVE model, which neglects fiber spatial distribution variability, overestimates tensile strengths at the 95%, 97.7%, and 99% reliability levels, potentially leading to overestimated structural reliability. In contrast, the RR-RVE model, which accounts for variability in both fiber strength and spatial distribution, provides a more realistic tensile strength distribution and is recommended for the reliability-based design of UD-CFRC structures. This study establishes a validated micromechanics-based stochastic framework that captures the coupled effects of fiber strength and spatial distribution uncertainties, providing high-fidelity statistical characterization of UD-CFRC composites and offering a cost-effective simulation-based tool for reliability-based design without extensive experimental testing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inverse Acoustic Modeling of Natural Fibrous Porous Materials Using Sound Absorption Measurements","authors":"Faouzia Tayari,&nbsp;Regina Silva,&nbsp;Tiago Brilhante,&nbsp;Isabel Cardoso,&nbsp;Pedro Pinto,&nbsp;Vânia Freitas,&nbsp;Rui Ribeiro,&nbsp;Artur Ferreira,&nbsp;Nuno Gama","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10530-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10530-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the sound absorption performance of natural fiber panels through inverse acoustic characterization using the Johnson–Champoux–Allard (JCA) and Johnson–Champoux–Allard–Lafarge (JCAL) models. Key non-acoustic parameters, including porosity, tortuosity, viscous characteristic length and flow resistivity, were estimated from measured sound absorption data. The absorption coefficients predicted by both models showed agreement with experimental measurements, with only minor differences between the two approaches. Additionally, the results indicate that the additional complexity of the JCAL model does not significantly improve the accuracy of parameter estimation for the materials investigated. These findings demonstrate that inverse modelling based on sound absorption measurements can provide acoustic parameters for natural fiber materials, offering a practical framework for their characterization and facilitating the acoustic design of sustainable porous absorbers.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weak Influence of Global Mold Curvature on Tow Wrinkling in Automated Fiber Placement: A Finite Element and Analytical Study","authors":"Kejun Shen,&nbsp;Wangfan Zhou,&nbsp;Xudong Ren","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10529-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10529-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Automated fiber placement (AFP) is a critical technology for manufacturing aerospace composite structures, particularly for variable angle tow (VAT) laminates. However, tow wrinkling during steering remains a major challenge. Although a considerable amount of research has focused on flat molds, there is still a lack of in-depth understanding of the impact of complex curved molds encountered in actual components. This study systematically investigates the effect of mold surface geometry (flat, cylindrical, and conical) on tow wrinkling behavior in AFP using a nonlinear finite element model validated by experiments. The wrinkle wavelength, amplitude, and stress distribution are analyzed across different mold curvatures and steering radii. Results show that wrinkling characteristics are primarily governed by the local steering radius within the investigated range (mold radius ≥ 500 mm, cone angle ≥ 33.8°). An analytical model based on Winkler elastic foundation theory is employed to interpret the results, demonstrating that the wrinkle wavelength is mainly determined by the tow bending stiffness and the equivalent foundation modulus of the tow-mold interface. The simulations further reveal a periodic post-buckling stress field, providing a qualitative basis for process optimization. This study provides a mechanistic explanation for the observed independence from global curvature and offers practical guidance for designing high‑quality placement processes on curved components.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric Study and Structural Design of 3D Orthogonal Woven Composites for Enhanced Bending Performance: a Combined Experimental and Numerical Study","authors":"Jinsheng Yang,&nbsp;Wanxia Wu,&nbsp;Jian Zhao,&nbsp;Yibo Gao,&nbsp;Hengchao Ma,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Li","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10524-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10524-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the fabrication, mechanical properties, and structural design of three-dimensional (3D) orthogonal woven composites through an integrated experimental and numerical approach. A high‑precision predictive representative volume element (RVE) model was developed, yielding prediction errors of only 2.78% and 2.30% for the warp and weft bending moduli, respectively, which closely align with experimental data. An L₂₇(3¹⁰) orthogonal experimental design was employed to systematically evaluate key microstructural parameters. Results indicate that the number of yarn layers is the most influential factor; increasing layers from 9 to 25 enhanced the warp and weft bending moduli by 101.8% and 89.9%, respectively. In light of these findings, the data may indicate that this improvement appears to reflect extended binder yarn anchoring paths and enhanced vertical confinement. Results show layers suppress micro-buckling and engage inner layers in load-bearing. Main effect analysis and Pareto charts further clarified parameter sensitivities, providing theoretical guidance for applying 3D orthogonal woven composites in lightweight structural applications. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that the anchoring effect of binding yarns along the thickness direction induces brittle fracture in the warp direction and ductile fracture in the weft direction. Orthogonal testing enables performance-oriented design strategies for different failure modes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Cycle Reforming of Carbon Fiber Composites: Mechanical Retention and Energy Demand in Vitrimer and Thermoplastic Systems","authors":"Anurag Pisupati,&nbsp;Vincent Boichon,&nbsp;Remi Trinta,&nbsp;Romain Agogué","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10527-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10527-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reformability of fiber reinforced polymer composites offers a potential pathway for reuse of manufacturing scrap and end of life laminates. In this study, a carbon fiber reinforced vitrimer epoxy composite (CFRV) was compared with a carbon fiber reinforced polyamide-6 composite (CFRTP) under controlled multi-cycle thermo-stamping conditions. Laminates were subjected to up to five reforming cycles and were evaluated using tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The CFRV composites exhibited an initial reduction in mechanical properties after the first cycle. The tensile modulus decreased about 15%, and remained within a similar range for subsequent cycles. Tensile strength decreased approximately by 28%, with no statistically significant additional decline over further cycles. In contrast, the CFRTP composites displayed progressive degradation, with tensile modulus and strength decreasing with reforming cycles. Energy monitoring further showed that CFRV required 5.78 ± 0.15 kWh per reforming cycle, compared with 7.80 ± 0.10 kWh for CFRTP, corresponding to an approximately 26% reduction under the investigated processing conditions. DSC analysis indicated minimal variation in the glass transition temperature (<span>(T_g)</span>) of CFRTP and CFRV composites. TGA results showed comparable high-temperature stability across cycles for both systems, with an additional low-temperature degradation feature associated with the vitrimer chemistry. These results demonstrate that CFRV composites can tolerate repeated reshaping with limited mechanical degradation after an initial conditioning cycle, while requiring lower process energy than the thermoplastic reference under the investigated conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Prediction and Control Techniques for Curing Deformation Process of Composite Components","authors":"Junjun Zhu,&nbsp;Yao Xiao,&nbsp;Yuyao Li,&nbsp;Lixue Chen,&nbsp;Ping Li","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10528-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10528-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Composite material structures are widely used in civil aviation, aerospace and transportation due to high specific modulus, high specific strength, corrosion resistance, and fatigue resistance. However, the composite material curing deformation is generally caused by the anisotropy, the thermochemical shrinkage of the resin, and the inconsistency of the thermal expansion coefficient between the composite material and the mold, which affects the quality and manufacturing accuracy of the structure. To address this issue, the research on the curing deformation of composite materials, based on finite element (FE) simulation technology and artificial intelligence (AI) technology, has received extensive attention. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the mechanism and influencing laws of curing deformation prediction in composite components based on FE and AI technology. Furthermore, representative control techniques are summarized, including prediction-driven mold/tooling geometry compensation and iterative optimization to achieve dimensional tolerances. Based on this, some emerging development trends for the prediction of curing deformation are proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Adhesive Bondline Time of Flight Predictions During Autoclave Cure Utilizing Machine Learning","authors":"Tyler B. Hudson,&nbsp;William J. Pankiewicz,&nbsp;Finnian P. Day","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10503-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10503-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Composite materials are increasingly used in aerospace applications due to their superior strength-to-weight ratio compared to metals. However, widespread adoption is limited by certification challenges in adhesively bonded joints. Controlling and measuring adhesive bondline thickness is crucial for improving composite bonding, as thickness directly affects joint fracture properties and structural performance. This study utilized a high-temperature (up to 180 °C) ultrasonic scanning system operating in an autoclave to collect ultrasonic time of flight (TOF) data through adhesively bonded composite panels. Machine learning techniques were implemented to account for temperature effects on TOF within the adherends and to measure the TOF in adhesive bondlines. Three experiments were conducted on aerospace-grade composite panels. The first experiment, on a single composite half-panel, showed deficiencies in scaling to bonded laminates. A second experiment revised the experimental approach and generated training data for a machine learning model, which significantly improved bondline TOF prediction accuracy from ~ 14% error to &lt; 1%. The result was a calibration procedure and machine learning algorithm for quantifying ultrasonic TOF through adhesive bondlines. The third experiment provided independent test data, demonstrating model accuracy on data beyond its training set.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Coupling Agents and a Carbodiimide-Based Hydrolysis Stabilizer on the (Thermo)Mechanical Properties and Water Degradation of Poly(L-Lactide)- and Polyamide 11-Based Flax Fiber-Reinforced Composites","authors":"Sarina Schulte,&nbsp;Chayenne Maries Witte,&nbsp;Natalie Empting,&nbsp;Daniela Jahn,&nbsp;Jan Kuckuck,&nbsp;Simon McGowan,&nbsp;Stephen Kroll,&nbsp;Franz Renz,&nbsp;Andrea Siebert-Raths","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10526-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10526-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the thermal and (thermo)mechanical properties of flax twill-reinforced composites (FFRCs) with a fiber volume content of approx. 51 vol%. The bio-based thermoplastics poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and polyamide 11 (PA11), as well as a PLLA/PA11 blend were used as matrices. Their influence on the performance of the FFRCs was investigated after fabrication (pristine) and water absorption (1000 h immersion). Young’s moduli of approx. 16 GPa (PLLA) and 13 GPa (PA11) were reached. The specific Young’s moduli are similar for bending criterions due to PA11’s lower density. Water absorption proceeded faster for PLLA-based FFRCs, which could be attributed to PLLA’s tendency for crack formation which facilitates water penetration. In addition, commercially available glycidyl methacrylate- and maleic anhydride-based coupling agents and a carbodiimide polymer-based hydrolysis stabilizer were blended into the matrices to improve the fiber-matrix bond and reduce delamination during moisture absorption-related fiber swelling. This might cut channels for water penetration and decrease the deterioration of the mechanical properties. The mechanism proved effective in FFRCs with the more brittle PLLA matrix, where water absorption was delayed by the coupling agents and the decline in strength was slightly reduced at saturation. The hydrolysis stabilizer showed by far the most significant effect probably due to its strong adhesion-promoting and ductility-enhancing properties. Water absorption was delayed, reduced over the long term, and the tensile (0°, 45°) and flexural strength were improved both before and after water exposure. However, the additives caused a strong reduction of PLLA‘s heat deflection temperature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-026-10526-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Temperature Mechanical Properties and Damage Mechanisms of Spreading Carbon Fiber Fabric/Web Needled Felt Composites","authors":"Xiaomeng Wang,&nbsp;Zhongwei Fang,&nbsp;Yusen Wang,&nbsp;Shun Chen,&nbsp;Junjie Xu,&nbsp;Ling Wang,&nbsp;Haipeng Qiu,&nbsp;Diantang Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10511-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10511-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-temperature-resistant needled C/SiC composites are critical for aerospace applications, but their mechanical properties and failure mechanisms at elevated temperatures remain insufficiently explored. This study aims to optimize the needling process parameters for spreading carbon fiber fabric/web needled felts to enhance their mechanical performance and understand their high-temperature behavior. Various needling parameters, including needling density (25–40 needles/cm²), depth (11 and 15 mm), and needle hook type (F and G), were tested. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the felts were characterized by Micro-CT, tensile, and interlaminar peel tests. On this basis, the NP-M15G felt (needling density 30–35 needles/cm², needling depth 15 mm, G-type hook needle) was selected as the preform to fabricate needled C/SiC composites via the polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process, followed by three-point bending tests at room temperature and 1600 °C. The results show that the felt compactness, tensile strength, and interlaminar peel strength first increase and then decrease with increasing needling density. Increasing the needling depth promotes the formation of longer needled fiber bundles and improves structural compactness, thereby enhancing the overall mechanical performance. In addition, the G-type needle introduces more Z-direction fiber bundles, further improving interlaminar properties. The NP-M15Gs composite exhibits non-brittle fracture behavior at both room temperature and 1600 °C; however, the flexural strength and modulus decrease by approximately 32.49% and 51.40% at high temperature, respectively. This degradation is mainly attributed to matrix softening, weakened interfacial bonding, and the combined effects of activated creep and thermal-mismatch stresses, which intensify interfacial sliding, fiber debonding, and delamination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Processing Parameters on the Properties of Nonwoven Composites Developed from Mechanically Recycled Textile Fibres","authors":"Md Toufiqur Rahman,&nbsp;Tiia Plamus,&nbsp;Anti Rohumaa,&nbsp;Urve Kallavus","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10520-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10520-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid rise of textile waste, driven by fast fashion and linear manufacturing models, poses significant environmental concerns and leads to materials loss through disposal by landfilling or incineration. This study aims to identify a suitable nonwoven composite (NCs) fabrication method using mechanically recycled synthetic textile fibres. To achieve this aim, composites were developed from a 50/50 wt% blend of recycled fibres (RF) and low melting polyester (LMP). Nonwoven preforms were produced via carding and pre-pressing, followed by four hot-pressing techniques that combined preform drying before hot-pressing and a 1-minute relaxation period during hot-pressing. Three pressing temperatures (110 °C, 120 °C, and 130 °C) were applied. Mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile, flexural, and Charpy impact tests. The results showed that incorporating 1-minute relaxation period during hot pressing improved tensile strength by approximately 23%, flexural strength by 16%, and impact strength by 11%. The highest tensile and flexural strength values were observed at 130 °C, while the maximum impact strength was achieved at 110 °C. Drying the nonwoven preforms prior to pressing reduced tensile, flexural and impact properties. The developed NCs exhibited mechanical properties demonstrating potential for semi-structural applications, including furniture components and lightweight automotive interior panels. These findings support the adoption of circular economy practices in the textile industry and contribute to sustainable waste management strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}