Applied Composite Materials最新文献

{"title":"Development of a Trace-Based Approach for Elastic Characterization of Multi-Material Composite Pipes: Theory and Testing","authors":"Rebeca López-Santiago,&nbsp;Hilario Hernández-Moreno,&nbsp;Orlando Susarrey-Huerta,&nbsp;Isaías Chamorro-Cruz","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10447-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10447-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accurate determination of elastic properties at the structural scale remains a key challenge in the design of composite wrapped pipes. This work introduces a non-destructive, pipe-level identification methodology that determines the full in-plane orthotropic elastic response of multi-material composite pipes using only axial loading and internal pressure tests. A trace-based stiffness formulation is developed for pipes composed of a PVC liner and a fiber-reinforced polymer composite wrap, enabling direct identification of axial and hoop Young’s modulus and the associated Poisson’s ratios from pipe level measurements. The in-plane shear modulus is subsequently inferred from the invariant trace of the reduced stiffness matrix (Tsai’s modulus), eliminating the need for torsion testing or coupon extraction. The results provide structural scale validation that the trace-based formulation, originally developed for unidirectional carbon fiber composites, can be successfully extended to woven glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites. Four nominally identical pipes were tested under axial tension, axial compression, and internal pressure, with three repeated runs per loading mode. Despite identical constituents and processing conditions, measurable pipe to pipe variability was observed. These findings demonstrate that reliance on unidirectional ply data or coupon level surrogates is insufficient for reliable structural prediction of multilayer composite pipes and that pipe-level characterization is required. Finite element simulations using the identified properties reproduced the measured axial and hoop surface strains within the experimental 95% confidence bands for all load cases. The proposed methodology reduces experimental complexity and cost while providing elastic properties directly applicable to structural models of composite pipe systems trace-based.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Evaluation of a Microvascular Self-Healing System for T-Joint Composites under Low-Velocity Impact: Damage Tolerance Threshold and Healing Efficiency","authors":"Ameer S. Zirjawi,&nbsp;Pu Xue,&nbsp;Shakir Hussain Chaudhry,&nbsp;M. S. Zahran","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10459-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10459-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents the design and evaluation of a microvascular self-healing system (SHS) integrated into carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) T-joint structures subjected to low-velocity impact. T-joints are critical structural connections in aerospace assemblies but are highly susceptible to delamination and adhesive failure, particularly within the deltoid region. To address these weaknesses, a novel embedded microvascular network was developed using hollow channels designed to deliver a low-viscosity 80%ENB–20%DCPD healing agent. Numerical simulations coupled with experimental validation were conducted to assess impact damage, flow behavior, and healing efficiency. Results revealed that the deltoid and adhesive interface regions exhibit the highest stress concentration and damage propagation under impact. The optimized microvascular system demonstrated full damage filling within 30 min under a pressure difference of 75.26 Pa, achieving 99.98% filling efficiency without compromising the structural integrity of the T-joint. This study provides a practical engineering framework for implementing self-healing technology in load-bearing composite joints. The proposed design is directly applicable to aircraft structural systems where the in-service repair technique is a critical performance requirement. These findings confirm that microvascular-based self-healing systems can effectively restore structural performance and extend the service life of composite joints in different applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and Simulation Study on Removal of CFRP Surface Paint by High-Repetition-Frequency Pulsed Laser","authors":"Lin Li,&nbsp;Daoxin Li,&nbsp;Meng Wu,&nbsp;Biyi Wang,&nbsp;Wanli L. Zhao,&nbsp;Yong Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10456-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10456-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the effects of power density and scanning speed of a near-infrared high-repetition-frequency nanosecond pulsed laser on the quality and efficacy of paint removal from CFRP surfaces. Surface morphology, residual substances, and fiber fracture were evaluated, and a power density of 80 kW/cm² combined with a scanning speed of 720 mm/s was identified as the optimal parameter set, achieving complete removal of paint and resin without inducing carbon fiber damage. A two-dimensional thermal–mechanical model was developed to simulate the relationships among process parameters, temperature distribution, and cleaning depth. Experimental and numerical simulations were jointly used to elucidate the characteristics and mechanisms of paint removal, residual formation, and fiber damage. The results show that fiber damage arises from the coupled effects of airflow generated during resin pyrolysis and thermally induced stress, while plasma shielding and oxidation at low scanning speeds may promote the formation of new residues. Both experimental and simulation results confirm that thermal ablation and thermal stress-induced peeling constitute the primary mechanisms governing laser paint removal. The research results provide experimental and theoretical basis for understanding the process and mechanisms of laser paint removal on CFRP surfaces.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bending of flax/polypropylene composites based on comingled fabric: feasibility study","authors":"Salomé Provost-Mattmann,&nbsp;Valérie Dos-Santos-Martins,&nbsp;Véronique Person,&nbsp;François Hennebelle","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10445-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10445-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant fibers are increasingly being incorporated into composites, as they reduce the material’s environmental impact. As part of an eco-design approach, we studied the processing of a flax/polypropylene (PP) composite. The ability of companies to adapt to demand is also a key factor in the ecological transition. While the manufacture of this composite using the bending method has already been studied, the way in which it is shaped has received little attention. In this study, the feasibility of bending composite samples (size 100 × 15 × 3.4 mm) at an angle of 90 degrees is evaluated. For its thermoplastic properties, the PP has been chosen, so it can be transformed more than one time, contrary to the epoxy. As a result, the manufacturing and storage of flat plates upstream will then allow elements to be shaped on demand, since only the bending stage would remain. Flax fibers are found in large quantities in France and are natural fibers with interesting properties. Process conditions were experimented with to achieve external bending without detrimental damage to mechanical behavior. Those conditions are related to the process fabrication: tools temperature (die and punch up to 145 °C), preheating of the material (160 °C), heat flux around the sample (flow up to 0.115 m³/s), implementation process (holding time between 240 and 360 s and cycles), fold orientation (45° or 0°), … The influence of the various parameters on fold quality (visual and mechanical) is analyzed by experimental design and strength tests (threshold higher than 117.3 MPa). Operating conditions have been determined, that guarantee both aesthetic quality and robustness through reproducible experimental protocols. Such semi- finished products will play a role in tomorrow’s structural parts for various industrial applications, such as the automotive industry, as well as in the construction of boat parts, etc.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-026-10445-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hygrothermal Deterioration in 3-D Woven Ramie/PLA Composites: Effects of Warp Distribution and Cell Wall Architecture","authors":"Lamei Wang,&nbsp;Baozhong Sun,&nbsp;Ming Cai,&nbsp;Bohong Gu","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10460-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10460-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant fiber reinforced composites (PFRCs) face durability challenges in hygrothermal conditions, limiting their engineering applications. Here, the hygrothermal deterioration of three-dimensional (3-D) woven ramie/ polylactic acid (PLA) composites was investigated with finite element analysis, quasi-static mechanical tests, and scanning electron microscope characterization. Results indicate that the zig-zag shaped moisture diffusion paths along warp yarns effectively hinder moisture penetration. In the warp-type composites, moisture rapidly infiltrates via capillary action in fiber lumens and fiber-matrix interfaces, subsequently permeating the PLA matrix and weft yarns through contact. Additionally, the cell wall thickening was about 6 μm in the original composites, increasing to over 7.5 μm with aging, with a thickening degree of at least 25%, which exacerbated the interfacial exfoliation, created additional moisture pathways, and expedited PLA degradation. This work demonstrates that strategic control of fiber orientation, 3-D architecture, and interfacial properties can significantly enhance the hygrothermal durability of the PFRCs and broaden their engineering applicability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating Wrinkles in Double-Curved Forming: A Numerical Study on Quasi-Isotropic Preforms with Separators","authors":"Tian Xie,&nbsp;Jiachao Chen,&nbsp;Haoyu Li,&nbsp;Hao Shen,&nbsp;Peng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10453-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10453-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Double-curved composite components are widely used in aerospace and transportation due to their high specific strength and low wind drag. However, wrinkling is a main defect induced during the double-curved forming of quasi-isotropic composite preforms. This study aims to numerically investigate the strategies for suppressing wrinkles during the double-curved forming process with the aid of separators. A quantitative assessment of wrinkles was achieved by point-cloud analysis. The simulation results reveal that the severity of wrinkle defects exhibits a strong correlation with separator thickness and fabric-tool friction coefficient, while showing little dependence on the fabric-fabric friction coefficient. The investigation also demonstrates that wrinkle formation is primarily attributed to the work of friction, rather than the frictional force itself. Finally, considering the balance between cost and forming quality, a separator thickness of 4 mm and a fabric-separator friction coefficient of 0.3 were identified as the optimal configuration.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Joint Configuration on the Repair Performance and Damage Mechanism of Composites: An Experimental and Numerical Study","authors":"Caixia Jia,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Qian Wang,&nbsp;Zhixin Li,&nbsp;Bowen Feng","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10444-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10444-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel composite lap-joint repair method, the mortise-and-tenon lap (MTL) repair, is proposed as an alternative to the conventional stepped lap (SL) repair. To address the issues of stress concentration at interfaces and insufficient load-bearing efficiency in adhesive bonding repair of carbon fibrous composite laminates, the effects of the mortise-and-tenon joint on the repair performance of composites were investigated using finite element analysis and experimental validation. A three-dimensional progressive damage model was implemented in ABAQUS/Explicit via a user defined subroutine (VUMAT) to analyze interfacial debonding between the patch and the substrate in the repaired specimen during three-point bending tests, which revealed differences in damage mechanisms between mortise-and-tenon lap repairs and conventional stepped lap repairs. Results showed that the mortise-and-tenon joint reconstructed the load transfer path, distributed stresses through the tenon region, and exhibited synergistic effects between the tenon and the adhesive interface, thereby effectively retarding damage propagation and mitigating interfacial stress concentration. Additionally, parameter optimization by adjusting patch size (Rply-1 and Rply-2) indicated that repair performance was governed by the synergistic interaction between the mortise-and-tenon joint configuration and the adhesive bonding area. The optimal configuration (MTL-40-28-36) achieved peak load and failure displacement improvements of 28.6% and 11.3%, respectively, compared to the stepped lap joint with the same patch combination.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Experimental Methods for Characterization of Fluid-Filled Sandwich Core Composites","authors":"Gabriel D. Maestas,&nbsp;Ashok K. Ghosh","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10442-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10442-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fluid-filled sandwich core composites (FFSCCs)—inspired by the porous, fluid-filled bone structure of the mammalian skull—show promise for multifunctional aerospace applications combining structural efficiency with rate-dependent energy dissipation. However, no standardized test method exists to characterize these materials because conventional sandwich composite tests cannot retain interstitial fluid during mechanical loading. This study presents the development and validation of a biaxial clamped plate flexure (BCPF) test specifically designed to overcome fluid retention challenges in porous-core composites. The test employs mechanical edge sealing through a bolted flange fixture, a 3D-printed core enclosure with integrated fluid ports, and post-lamination fluid filling to enable characterization across loading rates from quasistatic to dynamic regimes. Analytical plate equations for clamped-edge, cross-ply laminates—extended to calculate layer-wise load contributions through a core foundation model—enable direct extraction of flexural properties from measured load-displacement data. Finite element analysis incorporating shell theory, nonlinear foam constitutive models, and Biot’s poroelasticity provides validation of both the analytical framework and experimental boundary conditions. Quasistatic testing (15 mm/min) of Kevlar/Tyvek/polyurethane-foam FFSCC samples in both dry and water-filled conditions demonstrate successful fluid retention throughout loading to failure, with no observed leakage. Experimental load-displacement curves match FEA predictions within 10%, while digital image correlation of surface strain fields validates the near-ideal clamped boundary condition (RMS error &lt; 8%). At quasistatic rates, fluid inclusion produces a modest 3% increase in flexural modulus accompanied by 52% greater core compression, confirming theoretical predictions that minimal pore pressure develops at low strain rates. This quasistatic baseline—where fluid effects are minimized—provides essential validation of the test method and analytical framework, enabling future investigation of rate-dependent strengthening mechanisms at higher loading rates where fluid viscous resistance becomes significant. The validated BCPF test establishes a systematic methodology for characterizing fluid-structure coupling in porous-core composites, applicable to FFSCCs and related multifunctional material systems. </p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-026-10442-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147441222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Stress-Strain Behavior of Short Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials Based on Group-Optimized Gaussian Process Regression","authors":"Shuiwen Zhu,&nbsp;Wenqi Xing,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Guilian Xue","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10443-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10443-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mechanical behavior of Short Fiber Reinforced Composites (SFRC) is highly nonlinear and challenging to predict due to multi-scale coupling effects. Although machine learning (ML) offers promising predictive capabilities, existing studies often fall short in accurately modeling the complex elastoplastic response of SFRC. This study introduces an innovative approach combining single-task and multi-task Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) with the Bell number—a concept from combinatorics—to optimize the model structure for high-fidelity prediction of stress-strain curves. It is important to note that the datasets used to train the GPR models were obtained from a commercial software (Digimat). Through theoretical modeling and systematic validation, our optimized GPR model achieved exceptional performance with Coefficient of Determination (R²) values up to 0.99 and Mean Squared Error (MSE) as low as 10^–11, effectively capturing key nonlinear characteristics. Predicted plastic strain exhibits a local correlation peak near ~ 25% fiber volume fraction in simulation; higher effective aspect ratios correlate with improved simulated stress transfer. Several cross-validation strategies are benchmarked to evaluate robustness. The study also evaluates cross-validation strategies to ensure robustness. This work provides a novel data-driven framework for composite performance prediction, demonstrating the strong potential of Bell-number-optimized GPR in modeling complex nonlinear material behavior within the scope of the employed simulation data.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147440871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared Welding as an Efficient Joining Method for Sustainable Thermoplastic Composites","authors":"Fernanda Magalhaes de Oliveira Campos,&nbsp;Tomás Barbosa da Costa,&nbsp;Ricardo Mello Di Benedetto,&nbsp;Lorena Cristina Miranda Barbosa,&nbsp;Antonio Carlos Ancelotti Junior","doi":"10.1007/s10443-025-10436-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-025-10436-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thermoplastic composites are gaining attention due to their recyclability, high toughness, and ability to undergo fusion bonding. This study investigates the use of infrared radiation (IR) for welding acrylic resin-based thermoplastic composites reinforced with carbon and glass fibers. The Elium^® 150 resin was selected for its hybrid thermoset-thermoplastic properties, enabling room-temperature polymerization and reprocessing. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) determined a glass transition temperature of 94 °C and degradation onset at 204 °C (1% mass loss in air). Lap shear tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical performance of welded joints at different temperatures (150 °C, 175 °C, and 200 °C) and pressures (0.4 MPa and 0.5 MPa). The highest lap shear strength was observed at 150 °C and 0.5 MPa, with values of 9.59 ± 1.60 MPa for carbon fiber and 13.72 ± 4.76 MPa for glass fiber composites. Fractographic analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identified adhesive and cohesive failure modes. Results indicate that infrared welding provides a promising, rapid, and contamination-free technique for joining thermoplastic composites, with glass fiber-reinforced laminates showing superior adhesion compared to carbon fiber composites. These findings contribute to the development of lightweight, recyclable composite structures for aerospace, automotive, and wind energy applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-025-10436-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}