Applied Composite Materials最新文献

{"title":"Continuous Improvement in Composite Manufacturing: A Review of Automated Fiber Placement Process Evolution and Future Research Prospects","authors":"Tissan Kukwi,&nbsp;Chenwei Shan,&nbsp;Liu Pengfei,&nbsp;Banghai Zhang,&nbsp;Guo Leiyang,&nbsp;Zhanxi Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10443-025-10325-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-025-10325-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Continuous improvement and refinement on the application level of composites is essential for advancing the capabilities and reliability of various industries. Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) sets new standards for precision in aircraft manufacturing. Current research initiatives encompass diverse aspects, such as advanced materials, intelligent robotic systems, and adaptive control strategies, all contributing to the refinement of fibre placement applications, for industries reliant on lightweight, high-performance composite structures. The development of AFP technology can be traced through several key phases, beginning with its early experimental stages, progressing through periods of rapid industrial adoption and integration, to its current status as a critical technology in modern manufacturing. These phases mirror broader trends in the use of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer matrix composites (CFRPs), increased adoption into non-aerospace sectors, despite global challenges, such as the 2021 downturn in aerospace-related CFRP consumption. AFP continues to evolve, with growing demand driven by the need for more efficient and sustainable manufacturing processes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the AFP process, covering material selection, fibre placement techniques, manufacturing, and quality inspection. It highlights key challenges in process optimization and explores future directions, including advancements in adaptive control, real-time monitoring, and machine learning for a more efficient, closed-loop AFP process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"32 4","pages":"1267 - 1314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Behavior Prediction of GFRP Composites Aged at Different Immersion Times Using Artificial Neural Network","authors":"Eduardo José-Trujillo,&nbsp;Carlos Rubio-González,&nbsp;Julio Alejandro Rodríguez-González,&nbsp;Rafael Batres","doi":"10.1007/s10443-025-10324-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-025-10324-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to determine the progression of damage in the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites with epoxy (GE) and vinylester (GV) matrix were subjected to seawater aging according to ASTM D5229 standard at 120, 408, 960 and 1320 h until to moisture saturation. Mechanical tests, including tensile, compression, flexural, and short beam shear, were conducted on aged specimens. Tensile strength was affected in both types of laminates, with a reduction of 36.7% in GE and 43.2% in GV, while the tensile modulus remained unchanged. Compressive strength decreased for GE (53.1%) and remained with minor changes for GV. The compressive modulus increased for GE (87.9%) and remained unchanged for GV. Flexural strength decreased 39.0% in GE and 20.5% in GV, while the flexural modulus remained unchanged for both laminates. Short beam shear strength of GE was significantly affected, whereas GV were less affected. These results provide valuable information about the behavior of composite materials subjected to marine environments. The neural network Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) was used to predict values of tensile, compressive, and flexural strength and were compared with experimental data for seawater aged GE, and GV, as a function of immersion time. A strong agreement between the experimental and predicted values of seawater absorption was observed, indicating the validity of both absorption models for GE and GV laminates. The study and prediction of incremental damage in laminates (GE and GV) could propose new ways of designing marine components, as well as the projection of component maintenance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"32 5","pages":"2259 - 2292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Grinding Removal Mechanism of SiCf/SiC Composite Materials Based on Random Multi-Abrasive Particles","authors":"Pengyu Liu,&nbsp;Pengfei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10443-025-10319-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-025-10319-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>SiC_f/SiC composites are widely used in aerospace and automotive electronics because of their low density, high strength, anti-fatigue, and easy weaving. As an important precision machining method, grinding processing has significant advantages, especially in the processing of high hardness materials, high precision requirements and high surface quality parts manufacturing plays a vital role. In this paper, to address the problem of difficult machining of SiC_f/SiC composites by grinding, we take SiC_f/SiC composites as the research object and analyze the process of fiber breakage removal by grinding as the machining method. The generation of randomized abrasive grain model is carried out by Python script programming. Based on the 3D-Hashin failure criterion, a 3D multi-grain grinding simulation model was established to explore the influence of the grinding process on the microstructure evolution law during the material removal process, and to further investigate the grinding removal mechanism of SiC_f/SiC composites. The results show that the grinding parameters have a significant effect on the surface quality, and higher wheel speed can improve the surface quality, while the increase of feed rate and grinding depth may lead to the elevation of surface roughness, especially the larger grinding depth will significantly aggravate the surface damage and crack extension. The combination of finite element simulation and experiment can effectively reveal the stress and strain distribution and the law of material damage in the grinding process, thus providing theoretical basis for optimizing the grinding process and improving the material processing performance. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"32 4","pages":"1883 - 1904"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Weaving Process for Composite Reinforcements: Critical Yarn Crossings","authors":"Julie Walther,&nbsp;Mathieu Decrette,&nbsp;Michel Tourlonias,&nbsp;Marie-Ange Bueno","doi":"10.1007/s10443-025-10321-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-025-10321-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Whatever the final use, usual or composite materials, 2D or 3D fabrics, high-density weaving processes cause yarn-to-yarn friction damage, leading to filament breakage and interlacing, resulting in defects in the final product and reducing production speed. The study aimed to highlight the specific weaving pattern configurations that are harmful to yarns by measuring directly on the weaving machine yarn tension and tracking movement, both focused on the shedding stage. A new paradigm for defining the weaving pattern based on yarn interactions is considered, with three parameters: the number of moving yarns, the number of potential yarn interactions, and the pattern organisation for the same number of moving yarns. From a spectral analysis of yarn tension evolution during the weaving cycle and the yarn speed study, it can be concluded weaving pattern criticality depends on a combination of both the number of moving yarns and the number of crossings between them. Principal Component Analysis highlights the correlation between parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"32 4","pages":"1597 - 1616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-025-10321-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling, Remanufacturing and Applications of Semi-Long and Long Carbon Fibre from Waste Composites: A Review","authors":"Behzad Abdi,&nbsp;Yong Wang,&nbsp;Hugh Gong,&nbsp;Meini Su","doi":"10.1007/s10443-025-10316-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-025-10316-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon fibres can be reclaimed and processed to different forms as feed material to make remanufactured carbon fibre composites. Use of semi-long (25–100 mm) and long (&gt; 100 mm) reclaimed carbon fibres in composites has the potential to enhance the overall mechanical performance of composites made from reclaimed carbon fibres. However, the present processes of recycling of carbon fibres lead to shortening of fibre length, surface degradation, alignment, which in turn, decrease the load bearing capacity and matrix bonding in the composites. To increase the structural performance and mechanical characteristics of reclaimed carbon fibres-based composites, possible pre-treatment methods to semi-long/long reclaimed carbon fibres should be explored. This paper presents a detailed review of various preparation and remanufacturing processes for semi-long/long reclaimed carbon fibres and evaluation of their performance and potential applications. It is found that among all the recycling methods, the Electrically driven Heterocatalytic Decomposition method can produce semi-long/long reclaimed carbon fibres with minimal damages. After reclaiming the carbon fibres, they must be opened and separated from the fluffy form for further processing; long staple carding is one of the mostly used methods for opening and producing randomly aligned mats and tapes. To enhance the performance of composites made from semi-long/long reclaimed carbon fibres, it is essential that fibres are aligned unidirectionally as much as possible. Friction spinning is found to be an efficient method to achieve high alignment of semi-long/long fibres. Furthermore, this paper advocates the use of advanced manufacturing techniques for fibre alignment and customization, which could result in improved repeatability, reduced variability, reduced material waste, and increased suitability for specific applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"32 4","pages":"1237 - 1265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12334481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage Behavior in Unidirectional CFRP Laminates with Ply Discontinuity","authors":"M. J. Mohammad Fikry,&nbsp;Yutaro Arai,&nbsp;Ryo Inoue,&nbsp;Vladimir Vinogradov,&nbsp;K. T. Tan,&nbsp;Shinji Ogihara","doi":"10.1007/s10443-025-10320-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-025-10320-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a comprehensive quantitative investigation into the material properties and damage behavior of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastic laminates with ply discontinuities. Laminates with varying resin gap lengths were evaluated. In situ edge observations and X-ray computed tomography were employed to assess the damage processes in the area of the ply discontinuity. These methods examined initially occurring cracks, secondary cracks, and delamination. Some unexpected cracking behavior was observed in this study. For instance, initial cracks were observed to form not at the interface but at a distance from the resin–ply interface, likely due to a constraint condition caused by the chemical shrinkage of the resin during the curing process. Furthermore, all cracks in the resin region curved toward the center, with successively formed cracks having higher curvatures. This behavior can be attributed to the redistribution of principal stresses within the resin pocket following the initial cracks. The matrix cracking was followed by delamination that started from the tips of the matrix cracks and progressed toward the ends of the specimen. Additionally, the number and locations of cracks in the resin pocket were influenced by the length of the resin gap and the uniformity of the thickness and width of the specimen. In addition to the experimental investigation, a stress-based variational analysis was employed to predict crack onset stresses in the laminates. The analysis successfully calculated the energy release rate for laminates with varying resin pocket lengths and provided predictions for crack onset stresses. The analytical predictions demonstrated good agreement with the experimental observations, enhancing the understanding of resin pocket behavior in CFRP laminates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"32 4","pages":"1481 - 1499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-025-10320-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saltwater Immersion Effects on Bio-Composites Reinforced With Seashell Powders","authors":"Cristiano Fragassa,&nbsp;Sara Mattiello,&nbsp;Mattia Latini,&nbsp;Ana Pesic,&nbsp;Carlo Santulli","doi":"10.1007/s10443-025-10318-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-025-10318-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The valorization of marine biogenic waste, particularly calcium carbonate derived from mollusk shells, offers new opportunities for sustainable material development; however, investigations determining their mechanical and microstructural properties remain limited, especially under degradation conditions such as those encountered when these materials are exposed to seawater environments. This study investigates the integration of powders from mussel, oyster, and clam shells collected from the Adriatic Sea into a bio-epoxy resin matrix to assess their potential as functional fillers. The samples were subjected to simulated seawater immersion (for 7 days in salt water with a concentration of 35 g/L of NaCl at room temperature) to evaluate their mechanical, colorimetric, and morphological properties after environmental conditioning. Key findings include variations in water absorption, Shore D hardness, and tensile performance across different shell powders, highlighting the influence of biogenic species on composite behavior. Colorimetric analysis revealed slight discoloration post-immersion, more limited on clam shell powder composites, while mechanical tests indicated enhanced performance in those including mussel shell one. These results underscore the potential of mollusk shell powders as eco-friendly additives in bio-composites, paving the way for applications in marine environments and promoting circular bio-economy practices. Future studies will focus on biofouling resistance and long-term durability under real-life conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"32 5","pages":"2067 - 2089"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drop-Weight Impact of Composite Laminates: Modelling the Effect of a Round-Nosed Versus a Flat-Ended Impactor","authors":"Yuzhe Ding,&nbsp;Michael S. Johnson,&nbsp;Jun Liu,&nbsp;James Dear,&nbsp;Jiaqi Li,&nbsp;Haibao Liu,&nbsp;Anthony J. Kinloch,&nbsp;John P. Dear","doi":"10.1007/s10443-025-10315-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-025-10315-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study investigates the effect of the impactor geometry on the impact performance, at relatively high impact energies, of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates with a cross-ply configuration of [0₂/90₂], which were manufactured using unidirectional (UD) carbon-fibre epoxy-matrix plies. Drop-weight impact tests were performed using both round-nosed and flat-ended rigid impactors. White light interferometry (WLI), ultrasonic C-scan and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to assess the relationship between the indentation profile, the delamination footprint and the fracture morphology along the fracture plane. This study focusses on the coupling between the extent of indentation, the loading responses and the associated damage caused in the CFRP. This damage involved both intralaminar damage, including matrix cracking and fibre-kinking and fracture, and interlaminar, i.e. delamination, damage. This paper studies in more detail the finding that the flat-ended impactor only caused significant damage to the CFRP panel when an impact energy of 25 J and above was attained, which was previously observed by Y. Ding. J. Liu, Z.E.C. Hall. R.A. Brooks, H. Liu, A.J. Kinloch and J.P. Dear, “Damage and energy absorption behaviour of composite laminates under impact loading using different impactor geometries”, Composite Structures <b>321</b> (2023) 117259. At an impact energy of 25 J, a compressive kink-band fracture plane occurred around the periphery of the flat-ended impactor near the front surface of the laminate. A previously published numerical model has been extended to account for these experimental observations. The modelling accurately predicts the damage features observed for the two types of impactor geometry with indentation playing a significant role on the threshold for damage and the distribution of damage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"32 3","pages":"791 - 814"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-025-10315-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Precision Constitutive Modeling of CMC Interphase Under Thermo-Chemo-Mechanical Conditions Based on Molecular Simulation and Machine Learning","authors":"Yixin Chen,&nbsp;Shaohua Chen,&nbsp;Shiyao Li,&nbsp;Chao You,&nbsp;Tao Wu,&nbsp;Fang Wang,&nbsp;Nuo Xu,&nbsp;Xiguang Gao,&nbsp;Yingdong Song","doi":"10.1007/s10443-025-10317-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-025-10317-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ceramic matrix composite (CMC) is emerging as a leading candidate for next-generation aeronautical materials. While ceramics are brittle, CMCs demonstrate improved toughness thanks to the matrix-fiber interphase, which deflects crack propagation. To date, accurately predicting the mechanical behavior of the CMC interphase under complex thermo-chemo-mechanical conditions remains a major challenge. In this context, we introduce an AI-based generative framework that directly generates highly accurate strain–stress relations for the CMC interphase based on measurements of temperature, oxidation state, and strain rate. The model combines an unsupervised autoencoder, which learns the key features of the strain–stress relation, with a multilayer feed-forward neural network that maps loading conditions to these features. Pre-trained by extensive molecular dynamics simulations and calibrated with minimal experimental data, the model is thoroughly validated through push-in tests of single-fiber composites and tensile tests of unidirectional fiber-bundle composites, demonstrating satisfactory accuracy. The primary application of this AI-based method is to evaluate the mechanical performance of the CMC interphase directly from easily measurable loading conditions, bypassing the need for microstructure. This approach offers an efficient solution for load design and health monitoring of ceramic matrix composite structures.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"32 3","pages":"971 - 993"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Frontal Polymerization in Polymer Composites: Numerical Simulation and the Role of Fe3O4 Nanoparticle Fillers","authors":"Margit Lang,&nbsp;Christoph Schmidleitner,&nbsp;Venu Prakash Kasinikota,&nbsp;Elisabeth Rossegger","doi":"10.1007/s10443-025-10309-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-025-10309-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently Thermal Frontal Polymerization (TFP) has emerged as a low-energy alternative, that enables rapid and energy-efficient manufacturing of composites. Thus, compared to conventional processes, this innovative curing and polymerization process exhibits improved efficiency and reduced environmental impact and provides a promising strategy to address sustainability challenges. However, successful TFP requires a delicate balance of reaction rates, exothermicity, and efficient heat transport into unpolymerized media while minimizing heat losses to the surroundings. In this context, sustaining TFP of polymers reinforced with highly conductive fillers is challenging due to the increased energy dissipation and reduced availability of exothermic energy as the filler content increases at the cost of resin volume. In this work, a numerical study of the TFP based manufacturing of Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether (BADGE) filled with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is presented. The simulation provides insight into the thermo-chemical process and into the impact of different particle filling degrees on the key characteristics of TFP, i.e., maximum attainable degree of cure, maximum temperature, front shape, and front speed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"32 3","pages":"1025 - 1045"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-025-10309-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}