{"title":"Performance Optimization of Sol-Derived C/Mullite Composites by Reducing the Sintering Shrinkage of Mullite Matrix","authors":"Wei Zhang, Qingsong Ma, Kuanhong Zeng, Weiguo Mao","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10227-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10227-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>C/Mullite composites were fabricated through sol impregnation-drying-heating (SIDH) route using the sol with a high solid content in our previous work, and the composites showed desirable performance. However, it was found that thermal stress caused by sintering shrinkage of mullite matrix is one of the main factors leading to the performance regression of the composites. In present study, the sintering characteristic of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> sol was modified to reduce the thermal stress caused by the sintering shrinkage of mullite matrix, optimizing the performance of the composites. The results showed that the sintering shrinkage of mullite matrix was reduced about 25% after heat treatment at 1600ºC by modifying the sintering characteristic of sol, resulting in that the thermal stress caused by sintering shrinkage of mullite matrix was reduced effectively. Therefore, the strength, modulus and fracture work of the composites were increased by about 19.4%, 24.5% and 24.9% to 318.4 MPa, 62.0 GPa and 6958 J/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Furthermore, thermal stability of the composites was also improved obviously in Ar and vacuum environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 4","pages":"1441 - 1455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140674554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shadab Anwar Shaikh, M. F. N. Taufique, Kranthi Balusu, Shank S. Kulkarni, Forrest Hale, Jonathan Oleson, Ram Devanathan, Ayoub Soulami
{"title":"Correction: Finite Element Analysis and Machine Learning Guided Design of Carbon Fiber Organosheet-Based Battery Enclosures for Crashworthiness","authors":"Shadab Anwar Shaikh, M. F. N. Taufique, Kranthi Balusu, Shank S. Kulkarni, Forrest Hale, Jonathan Oleson, Ram Devanathan, Ayoub Soulami","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10228-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10228-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 5","pages":"1495 - 1495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140681637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tensile Creep Performance of PVC Flexible Composites Reinforced With Aramid Warp-Knitted Fabrics From Various Architectures","authors":"Wenya Yin, Ziyu Zhao, Lifeng Wang, Pibo Ma","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10226-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10226-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper aims to investigate the tensile creep behavior of PVC flexible composites reinforced with various aramid warp-knitted fabrics (PCRAWF). The tensile creep test of PCRAWF was conducted and the impact of various tissue structure reinforcements on the viscoelastic behavior of PCRAWF was also discussed. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests were conducted on PCRAWF to explore the effect of temperature on the creep strain and creep recovery properties of PCRAWF. The variation in viscoelastic properties of PCRAWF with temperature was analyzed. The decomposition behavior of aramid fibers and PVC resins in a nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) atmosphere was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The experimental results showed that as the density of the reinforcing fabric increases, the creep strain of the corresponding PCRAWF decreases. The amount of creep strain increases as the loading force increases, and the rate of increase gradually decreases. The creep strain of PCRAWF increases as the temperature rises, and the creep recovery decreases with increasing temperature. The creep strain increases by approximately 0.4–1.6% as the temperature rises from 30 °C to 60 °C, and by about 0.2–0.6% as the temperature increases from 60 °C to 90 °C. The TGA results analyzed the thermal degradation temperatures of aramid fiber and PVC composites in N<sub>2</sub> to reach 680 °C and 480 °C, respectively. The characterization of tensile creep behavior has significant potential for predicting the long-term performance of fabric-reinforced polyvinyl chloride flexible composites. Based on the experimental results of the creep of PCRAWF, the constitutive Kelvin-Maxwell model was used to establish the constitutive equations with the experimental data for numerical simulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 4","pages":"1343 - 1368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140624407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing the Robustness of Hybrid Metal-Composite Connections Through 3D Printed Micro Penetrative Anchors","authors":"Luca Raimondi, Luca Tomesani, Andrea Zucchelli","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10224-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10224-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work proposes a novel solution for manufacturing hybrid metal-composite joints, in which different pin shapes are evaluated for their capability to penetrate long carbon fiber epoxy composites successfully and for the mechanical behavior determined by each configuration. On the metal side, pins are manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), downsizing the currently adopted solutions and, at the same time, developing new blocking features aimed at enhancing the mechanical properties of the joint. The different configurations were evaluated in two distinct experiments: the first to evaluate the induced defects in the composite substrate and the second to characterize the mechanical behavior of the joint. It emerges that smaller pins produce much less damage and misalignments in the composite structure with respect to the conventional pin solution, whereas the new “blocking features” configurations consistently increase maximum pullout load and energy with respect to the conventional pin solution, with the same level of fiber damage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 4","pages":"1275 - 1293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-024-10224-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. A. Brooks, J. Liu, Z. E. C. Hall, A. M. Joesbury, L. T. Harper, H. Liu, A. J. Kinloch, J. P. Dear
{"title":"The Relationship Between the Extent of Indentation and Impact Damage in Carbon-Fibre Reinforced-Plastic Composites after a Low-Velocity Impact","authors":"R. A. Brooks, J. Liu, Z. E. C. Hall, A. M. Joesbury, L. T. Harper, H. Liu, A. J. Kinloch, J. P. Dear","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10223-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-024-10223-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present paper investigates the low-velocity impact behaviour of carbon-fibre reinforced-plastic (CFRP) composite panels and the damage incurred when they are subjected to a single impact. The relationship between the depth of permanent surface indentation that results and the associated area of interlaminar delamination damage is investigated for two different thicknesses of composite panels. In particular, the delamination damage area increases with impact energy for both thicknesses of composite panel that were studied. Likewise, the indentation depth also increases with increasing impact energy, again for both thicknesses of CFRP panels. It is shown that the indentation depth, at the centre of the indentation, may be used to provide an indication of the extent of delamination damage within the CFRP panel after impact. Indeed, from plotting the indentation depth versus the interlaminar delamination normalised by the thickness of the panel area there is shown to be a unique ‘master’ relationship, with a positive intercept indicating that the indentation damage seems to result before delamination damage initiates. Thus, for both thicknesses of CFRP panels, it is suggested that the indentation process is a precursor to interlaminar delamination damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shadab Anwar Shaikh, M. F. N. Taufique, Kranthi Balusu, Shank S. Kulkarni, Forrest Hale, Jonathan Oleson, Ram Devanathan, Ayoub Soulami
{"title":"Finite Element Analysis and Machine Learning Guided Design of Carbon Fiber Organosheet-Based Battery Enclosures for Crashworthiness","authors":"Shadab Anwar Shaikh, M. F. N. Taufique, Kranthi Balusu, Shank S. Kulkarni, Forrest Hale, Jonathan Oleson, Ram Devanathan, Ayoub Soulami","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10218-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10218-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon fiber composite can be a potential candidate for replacing metal-based battery enclosures of current electric vehicles (E.V.s) owing to its better strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. However, the strength of carbon fiber-based structures depends on several parameters that should be carefully chosen. In this work, we implemented high throughput finite element analysis (FEA) based thermoforming simulation to virtually manufacture the battery enclosure using different design and processing parameters. Subsequently, we performed virtual crash simulations to mimic a side pole crash to evaluate the crashworthiness of the battery enclosures. This high throughput crash simulation dataset was utilized to build predictive models to understand the crashworthiness of an unknown set. Our machine learning (ML) models showed excellent performance (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.97) in predicting the crashworthiness metrics, i.e., crush load efficiency, absorbed energy, intrusion, and maximum deceleration during a crash. We believe that this FEA-ML work framework will be helpful in down select process parameters for carbon fiber-based component design and can be transferrable to other manufacturing technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 5","pages":"1475 - 1493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haodong Huo, Jingchao Wei, Yong Cao, Wenzhi Wang, Zhihua Wang
{"title":"Retained Hygrothermal State Compression Damage Behavior Investigation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites","authors":"Haodong Huo, Jingchao Wei, Yong Cao, Wenzhi Wang, Zhihua Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10225-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-024-10225-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper establishes a composite material damage analysis strategy that retains the hygrothermal state to investigate the damage behavior and mechanical performance characteristics of composite materials in hygrothermal environments. Initially, mass diffusion and heat conduction are equivalently considered, and a hygrothermal state predefined model is developed using a combination of sequential and fully coupled approaches. Then the hygrothermal stress field is extracted as the initial state of the compression process, and a compression progressive damage analysis is conducted using the VUMAT subroutine. Additionally, the accelerated hygrothermal aging experiments are conducted to investigate moisture absorption behavior and moisture diffusion coefficients. Then the quasi-static compression tests are carried out on the specimens before and after aging, with failure processes recorded using Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Experimental and simulation results reveal that hygrothermal conditions lead to matrix cracking and debonding from the fiber surface, generating an uneven stress field internally. This results in earlier occurrence and increased severity of delamination during the compression process. The dominant failure modes include wedge splitting and longitudinal cracking. The compressive strength, failure strain, and elastic modulus of the specimens decrease after aging. The analysis strategy developed in this paper effectively reflects the hygrothermal state during compression, aligning more closely with the actual physical processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating the Effects of Contact Area and Chamfering on the Failure Behavior of Plain Woven Composite-Metal T-joints","authors":"Qi Zhang, Zhangjie Yu, Deng’an Cai, Guangming Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10220-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10220-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper experimentally and numerically investigates the failure behavior of plain woven composite-metal connection structures (T-joints) under loads in different directions. According to the direction of load application, it can be divided into TX specimens and TZ specimens. Wherein, TX and TZ are subjected to the tensile load parallel and perpendicular to the composite panel, respectively. Test results show significant differences in the ultimate load, failure modes and strain distribution among different specimens. Increasing the contact area between the lower block and the composite panel and adding round to the contact part between the metal part and the composite panel can improve the load-carrying capacity of the T-joints. The multiscale simulation is conducted to study the failure process of T-joints. Micro-scale and meso-scale models are established to obtain the mechanical properties of the plain woven composite, and the error between the simulated results and the experimental data is less than 10%. Progressive damage analysis is then done by using the macro-scale model. The simulated failure load and damage process of T-joints are consistent with the test results. The information and proposed multiscale analysis method on the failure behavior of T-joints are useful for the optimal design of similar structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 4","pages":"1295 - 1321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140196208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Bricks-and-Mortar Architecture on Fracture Behavior of SiCp/Al Composite: A Finite Element Analysis","authors":"Xiang Gao, Xiaonan Lu, Xuexi Zhang, Mingfang Qian, Aibin Li, Huan Wang, Cheng Liu, Bowen Gong, Wenting Ouyang, Hua-Xin Peng","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10221-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10221-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The metal-matrix composites (MMCs) with biomimetic bricks-and-mortar architectures have been experimentally demonstrated to exhibit excellent strength-ductility match. Here, biomimetic bricks-and-mortar architecture mimicking masonry bonds was introduced in numerical models. By translating perpendicular layers on stack bond model, 1/2 running and running bond models were established. The results reveal that elongation of running bond model is the highest (4.77%), which is ∼ 1.5 times as that of stack type model. The strength of these models is similar (330 ± 1 MPa). However, it is the trade-off between load bearing capacity and fracture of SiC particles. In the stack bond model, over a small junction layer area led to a relatively straight crack path and thus lower elongation. On the contrary, running bond model shows a zigzag main crack. So, the main crack deflects frequently with high energy consumption. Furthermore, crack deflection into matrix cell increases propagation resistance, leading to the highest elongation in the running bond model. Therefore, the biomimetic bricks-and-mortar architecture delays and deflects main crack propagation. These findings have significant implication for the architecture design of advanced composite materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 4","pages":"1457 - 1473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140171564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robin Olsson, Christopher Cameron, Florence Moreau, Erik Marklund, Matthias Merzkirch, Jocke Pettersson
{"title":"Design, Manufacture, and Cryogenic Testing of a Linerless Composite Tank for Liquid Hydrogen","authors":"Robin Olsson, Christopher Cameron, Florence Moreau, Erik Marklund, Matthias Merzkirch, Jocke Pettersson","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10219-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10219-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper describes design, manufacture, and testing of a linerless composite vessel for liquid hydrogen, having 0.3 m diameter and 0.9 m length. The vessel consists of a composite cylinder manufactured by wet filament winding of thin-ply composite bands, bonded to titanium end caps produced by additive manufacturing. The aim was to demonstrate the linerless design concept with a thin-ply composite for the cylinder. The investigation is limited to the internal pressure vessel, while real cryogenic tanks also involve an outer vessel containing vacuum for thermal insulation. Thermal stresses dominate during normal operation (4 bar) and the layup was selected for equal hoop strains in the composite cylinder and end caps during filling with liquid hydrogen. Two vessels were tested in 20 cycles, by filling and emptying with liquid nitrogen to 4 bar, without signs of damage or leakage. Subsequently, one vessel was tested until burst at almost 30 bar.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 4","pages":"1131 - 1154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-024-10219-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140171377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}