Applied Composite Materials最新文献

{"title":"The Influence of Recycling on the Mechanical Properties of Vitrimer Resin-Based 3D Braided Composites","authors":"Jingjing Liu,&nbsp;Defang Zhao,&nbsp;Ruixing Zhu,&nbsp;Dacheng Fan,&nbsp;Yue Chen,&nbsp;Jingjing Dong,&nbsp;Tao Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10510-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10510-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, the influence of chemical recycling on the structural integrity and mechanical performance of three-dimensional braided composites (3DBCs) based on vitrimer resin were experimentally investigated. Four different braiding angles were chosen to explore how braiding architecture governs the recyclability and secondary application potential of 3DBCs. A chemical recycling route using ethylene glycol as the recycling agent was implemented under atmospheric pressure at 160 °C. Quasi-static mechanical tests were performed following ASTM standards to evaluate the mechanical properties of the composites in their as-fabricated and secondary-cured states. Furthermore, morphological observations were carried out on recovered preforms, and the mechanical responses of damaged zones and their adjacent regions after three-point bending tests were characterized. The experimental results reveal that braiding angle plays a dominant role in the structural retention of materials after recycling. Specimens with small braiding angles (10° and 20°) suffered severe yarn loosening and complete disruption of the continuous braided structure, while those with large braiding angles (30° and 40°) retained superior structural integrity. The 40° samples exhibited higher retention rates for compressive and bending properties, whereas the 30° samples achieved better performance retention under shear loading. Notably, the regions adjacent to damage zones in secondary-cured composites still possessed desirable mechanical capacities, which makes graded material reuse feasible. The present experimental methodology and research outcomes provide a solid basis for the secondary utilization of recovered three-dimensional braided carbon fiber preforms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation Functionalization of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Composites with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube","authors":"Tatiana M. Pinchuk-Rugal,&nbsp;Andrii I. Misiura,&nbsp;Oksana P. Dmytrenko,&nbsp;Mykola P. Kulish,&nbsp;Andriy I. Momot,&nbsp;Olena L. Pavlenko,&nbsp;Maksim A. Alieksandrov,&nbsp;Oleksandr F. Kolomys,&nbsp;Oleksii V. Melnychenko,&nbsp;Yurii A. Onanko,&nbsp;Yevgen P. Mamunya,&nbsp;Andrii M. Pylypenko","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10501-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10501-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, radiation-functionalized low-density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were examined under absorbed doses ranging from 0.1 to 4.72 MGy. The thermophysical and mechanical properties, as well as the Raman spectra, of these composites were studied. An increase in the absorbed dose of electron irradiation, from 0.05 to 4.72 MGy, resulted in complex transformations of the intramolecular structure, due to the mechanochemical effect of macrochain destruction and cross-linking in crystalline and amorphous regions. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to optimize the geometry, infrared absorption spectra, combinational scattering, charge distribution, molecular orbital shapes, and localization of energy levels within the electron forbidden zone. The electron transition configurations for the PE chain (C₉H₂₀) were also optimized. It was established that the C₉H₂₀ molecule is linear with a trans conformation. Single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms form σ-type molecular orbitals. The frequencies of the calculated vibrational spectra best agree in the range of deformation vibrations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Ply Number and Tensile Angle on Mechanical Properties and Damage Behavior of BFRP/Al Self-Piercing Riveted Joints","authors":"Junjie Duan,&nbsp;Menghan Wang,&nbsp;Shun Liu,&nbsp;Guojun Tang","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10499-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10499-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plain-woven basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) has become a key material for automotive lightweighting due to its excellent specific strength and environmental friendliness. However, research on its joining technology with light metals remains insufficient, this paper investigates the self-piercing riveting process between BFRP and aluminum alloy. Through experimental and numerical simulation methods, the effects of sheet thickness on joint quality and damage evolution are systematically analyzed, and a process evaluation window for sheet thickness and die is established. Furthermore, the study explores the influence of BFRP thickness and geometric loading conditions on the shear mechanical properties and failure evolution of the joints, and a corresponding finite element model for joint shear tension is developed. The results indicate that increasing sheet thickness significantly weakens interlock strength, while the ED die achieves full thickness range coverage due to its self-adaptive characteristics. When the BFRP thickness increases from 1.6 mm to 1.8 mm, the load-bearing weak link of the joint shifts from the sheet itself to the mechanical interlock structure, and the failure mode transitions from ductile hole enlargement to brittle pull-out. Although 45° off-axis loading does not alter the peak load due to interlock strength limitations, it effectively extends the failure displacement and enhances energy absorption capacity by inducing local shear collapse of the matrix and fibers around the hole.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contribution of Inter-ply Friction to Deformation Modes During Double Diaphragm Forming of Thick Non-crimp Fabric Preforms","authors":"Guy Donald Lawrence,&nbsp;Shuai Chen,&nbsp;Lee Thomas Harper","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10495-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10495-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the contribution of inter-ply friction to the dominant deformation mechanisms in multi-ply non-crimp fabric (NCF) layups during the forming of complex three-dimensional geometries. A modified cantilevered bending test was developed to assess the influence of increasing inter-ply friction on the non-linear bending behavior of multi-ply stacks. Furthermore, the effect of inter-ply friction on in-plane shear behavior was examined experimentally under vacuum pressure, simulating the conditions encountered during double diaphragm forming (DDF). The results demonstrate that both bending stiffness and shear resistance of the laminate stack increase with enhanced ply compaction, which generates greater inter-ply frictional forces. A DDF case study involving a 16-ply NCF preform highlights the impact of elevated bending stiffness and shear resistance on formability. Notably, increased frictional forces arising from variations in ply stacking sequences can adversely affect formability, as evidenced by the formation of pronounced out-of-plane wrinkles. This systematic investigation reveals that the final geometry of the demonstrator preform is governed more significantly by in-plane shear resistance than by out-of-plane bending behavior. These findings underscore the critical role of inter-ply friction in shaping the deformation response of multi-ply NCFs and offer insights for optimising preform design and processing strategies in advanced composite manufacturing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-026-10495-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Discrete-Unit Adhesive Bonding Method for Fabrication of Composite Laminates: Effects on Flexural Performance and Internal Quality","authors":"Caixia Jia,&nbsp;Quanyong Tian,&nbsp;Qian Wang,&nbsp;Zhixin Li","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10500-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10500-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study introduces a novel fabrication method for composite laminates via adhesive bonding of discrete thin laminate units, aiming to enhance internal quality while largely preserving their flexural performance. To validate the feasibility of this approach, the influence of bonding surfaces (BS) on flexural behavior was first investigated using laminates with varying numbers of BS (B0, B1, B2, B3) through bending tests and three-dimensional finite element analysis. Results indicated that as the number of BS increased, the flexural load of laminated structures increased accordingly, although flexural strength and modulus showed some reduction (≤ 7.13%). This increase in load is attributed to the increased laminate thickness, while the slight reductions in strength and modulus reflect normalized material properties. Compared to the reference specimen without BS (B0), which failed through tensile, compressive, and delamination damage, specimens with one to three bonding interfaces (B1, B2, and B3, respectively) all exhibited notable debonding failure. In particular, specimen B2, with two bonding surfaces located at 1/4 and 3/4 of the laminate thickness, displayed the most complex failure mode yet demonstrated the most stable yielding and the highest energy absorption before failure (7179.44 mJ vs. 7002.27 mJ for B0). Based on these findings, the method was further applied to fabricate 64-ply thick laminates, with a thickness of over 8.00 mm. Compared to the 64-ply thick laminate without BS (TB0), the thick laminate with two bonding surfaces (TB2) achieved a dramatic reduction in both the number and size of internal voids, decreasing the areal porosity from 9.867% to 4.735%. These results validate that the proposed discrete-unit adhesive bonding method effectively minimizes manufacturing defects, despite causing a modest reduction in flexural strength and modulus. This trade-off, involving a minor compromise in flexural performance for significant improvements in internal quality and manufacturing flexibility, presents a promising strategy for high-quality thick composite laminate fabrication.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic Emission Monitoring and Finite Element Modeling for Revealing Damage Mechanism of Composite Laminates Under Low-velocity Impact","authors":"Wenqin Han,&nbsp;Zhu Liu,&nbsp;Kuishang Bu,&nbsp;Liuyang Duan","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10493-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10493-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Low-velocity impact (LVI) easily causes invisible multi-mode damage in carbon/glass hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer laminates and significantly degrades structural safety. Traditional methods cannot realize real-time damage monitoring or quantitatively reveal the load drop mechanism. This study combines acoustic emission (AE) monitoring and finite element (FE) simulation to reveal the LVI damage mechanism of hybrid laminates. AE signals under 20 J and 60 J impacts are processed by variational mode decomposition (VMD) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to extract damage-induced components and identify characteristic frequencies of four typical damage modes. A high-fidelity FE model coupled with LaRC05/Hashin failure criteria and cohesive zone model (CZM) was developed via VUMAT. The results indicate that the cumulative energy based on AE can quantitatively characterize the severity of multi-mode damage evolution, while the FE model can accurately reproduce the dynamic response as well as the damage evolution of carbon fiber layers and glass fiber layers. The simulation agrees well with experimental data. This work achieves cross-validation of AE and FE, clarifies the damage evolution and load drop mechanisms, and provides a reliable framework for damage monitoring and anti-impact design of hybrid composites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Forced Assembly and Gap Compensation on the Tensile Response and Failure Behavior of CFRP-Al Single-Bolt Single-Lap Joints","authors":"Tianchun Zou,&nbsp;Yuhang Yin,&nbsp;Guoqiang He","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10502-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10502-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Assembly gaps caused by manufacturing tolerances are common in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) structures and are typically addressed by forced assembly or gap compensation. This study investigates CFRP-Al single-bolt single-lap joints under quasi-static tensile loading for both assembly strategies. Digital image correlation (DIC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to capture deformation and damage evolution, and a user-defined material subroutine (UMAT) was developed to model progressive damage. For a fixed gap length of 15 mm, the influence of gap height on joint stiffness, load-carrying capacity, and failure mechanisms was systematically examined. The results show that forced assembly induces structural bending and bolt inclination, leading to bending-driven tensile-shear damage and a progressive reduction in ultimate load with increasing gap height, although small gaps may locally increase stiffness. In contrast, gap compensation redistributes bolt preload through a compliant shim, suppressing global bending and shifting the dominant failure mode to bearing-controlled surface crushing beneath the bolt head. However, tensile stiffness is generally reduced and becomes sensitive to shim thickness. A transition between bending- and bearing-dominated failure modes is governed by gap height. Forced assembly is suitable for small gaps (≤ 0.8 mm(the ratio of gap height to plate thickness ≤ 1/3)), whereas gap compensation is required for larger gaps to ensure structural integrity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Multiscale Modeling of Thermal Transport in Multilayered Structures, Porous Materials, and Heterogeneous Composites","authors":"Weiwei Liu,&nbsp;Weicheng Kong,&nbsp;Lihong Dong,&nbsp;Haidou Wang,&nbsp;Kaixuan Li,&nbsp;Pengfei Kong,&nbsp;Chengyang Shen","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10497-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10497-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multilayered structures, porous materials, and heterogeneous composites are widely used in aerospace, advanced electronics, and energy systems. Their thermal transport behavior is jointly governed by multiscale structural features, including interfaces, pores, cracks, defects, and component distributions, making traditional homogenization models inadequate for accurately describing the transfer of microscopic mechanisms to macroscopic thermal responses. Focusing on the multiscale modeling of thermal transport in complex materials, this review systematically elucidates the coupling relationships among phonon scattering, interfacial impediments, mesoscopic structural regulation, and macroscopic effective thermal properties. Recent advances and applicability boundaries of analytical models, thermal resistance networks, numerical simulations, molecular dynamics, image-reconstruction-based modeling, and artificial intelligence methods are summarized. Particular emphasis is placed on the cross-scale correlation between interfacial thermal resistance and effective thermal conductivity. Interfacial thermal resistance characterizes the local impediment to energy transfer, whereas effective thermal conductivity reflects the integrated macroscopic outcome of interfacial effects, structural characteristics, and heat-flow path reconstruction. On this basis, scale coupling strategies, representative volume element selection, homogenization methods, simulation and experimental characterization of interfacial thermal resistance, as well as the roles of data standardization, uncertainty quantification, and sensitivity analysis in supporting model credibility are further discussed. Finally, key challenges are summarized, including accurate characterization of complex structures, dynamic multi-field coupling, cross-scale parameter transfer, and computational efficiency. Future directions are also outlined, including physics-constrained artificial intelligence, multi-fidelity modeling, digital twins, and coupled analysis under extreme service environments. This review aims to provide useful references for the design, performance prediction, and engineering thermal management of complex thermal functional materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the Compaction/Compression Behavior of Woven Flax Tows","authors":"Tiffany Larquemin,&nbsp;Samir Zidi,&nbsp;Audrey Hivet,&nbsp;Davy Duriatti,&nbsp;Gilles Hivet","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10494-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10494-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In a context of growing interest in flax-based composites, this study addresses the lack of data on the behavior of woven flax rovings during the preforming stage of liquid composite molding (LCM) processes. The main objective is to study the fiber volume fraction changes under pressure and to determine the coefficient and exponent in the Toll and Manson relationship. The study implements an experimental methodology that includes compaction tests using a digital microscope to study densification, as well as compression tests using a tensile machine to study deformation, thus clearly distinguishing the two steps involving different mechanics: compaction and compression. Various flax roving samples were studied, and the results revealed significant variability in behavior. This highlights the complexity of the roving structure, which differs significantly from synthetic fiber roving. The experimental data were well-fitted by the Toll model, which successfully reproduced the observed curve. The obtained data are important for validating numerical simulation models of LCM processes. This contributes to optimizing manufacturing and improving the performance of flax-based composites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-026-10494-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Raster Orientation and Notch Preparation on Fracture Toughness and Energy Release Rate of FFF-Printed Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide Composites","authors":"Jacey Wright,&nbsp;Morgan Sikes,&nbsp;Kai Richard,&nbsp;Peter Sheldon,&nbsp;Siavash Sattar","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10491-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10491-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As fused filament fabrication (FFF) fiber-reinforced composites are increasingly adopted in structural and load-bearing applications, understanding their fracture behavior is essential for reliable design. This study investigates the conditional fracture toughness (<span>(:K_Q)</span>) and apparent energy release rate (<span>(:{G}_{Q})</span>) of glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide composites (PA6 + GF30) fabricated via FFF, with emphasis on the effects of raster orientation, notch preparation method, and specimen geometry. Four raster architectures (0°, 45°, 90°, and concentric) were evaluated using Single Edge Notch Bending (SENB) and Compact Tension (CT) specimens containing either printed notches or post-process mechanically cut notches. Full-field strain evolution and crack propagation were characterized using in situ Digital Image Correlation (DIC). The measured conditional fracture toughness values ranged from 1.35 to 5.73 MPa√m, while the apparent energy release rates ranged from 5.35 to 31.82 kJ/m². The results revealed a consistent change in orientation-dependent fracture ranking between printed and mechanically cut notch conditions, demonstrating that manufacturing-induced notch geometry strongly influences crack initiation and propagation behavior. In printed-notch specimens, the raster configuration with filaments aligned parallel to the notch direction, 0° printing orientation, exhibited the highest apparent fracture resistance due to local perimeter-wall reinforcement and localized reinforcement and improved load transfer near the notch tip. In contrast, mechanically cut notches produced higher fracture resistance in the 90° and concentric configurations by promoting crack deflection, interlayer engagement, frictional sliding, and distributed energy dissipation. The apparent energy release rate exhibited greater sensitivity to raster architecture and damage evolution than the fracture toughness, indicating that energy-based fracture metrics are more responsive to the distributed and mesostructure-dependent fracture behavior characteristic of FFF composites. The results demonstrate that fracture characterization of FFF fiber-reinforced composites requires simultaneous consideration of raster architecture, notch preparation method, and specimen geometry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}