Norman Osa-uwagboe, Vadim V. Silberschmidt, Emrah Demirci
{"title":"Review on Mechanical Performance of Fibre-Reinforced Plastics in Marine Environments","authors":"Norman Osa-uwagboe, Vadim V. Silberschmidt, Emrah Demirci","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10247-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10247-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fibre-reinforced plastics (FRPs) are increasingly popular in marine applications, such as boats, offshore wind-power installations, as well as oil and gas offshore systems thanks to their high stiffness, light weight, and damage resistance. This paper aims to examine the recent developments in the investigation of the effects of moisture uptake on the mechanical performance of FRP for maritime applications, to identify the gaps in the literature, and to suggest likely future research directions in this area. While the review is limited to recent studies—within the last two decades, it discusses in detail the current advances in the experimental investigations of moisture uptake on critical mechanical performance including tensile, flexural, shear and viscoelastic properties, thus covering the major quasi-static and dynamic regimes of FRPs subjected to seawater exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 6","pages":"1991 - 2018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-024-10247-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141549045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Davide Mocerino, Moisés Zarzoso, Federico Sket, Jon Molina, Carlos González
{"title":"A Machine Learning Boosted Data Reduction Methodology for Translaminar Fracture of Structural Composites","authors":"Davide Mocerino, Moisés Zarzoso, Federico Sket, Jon Molina, Carlos González","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10236-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10236-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work explored a machine learning (ML) algorithm as a fast data reduction method for translaminar fracture energy in composite laminates. The method was validated with translaminar fracture tests on compact tension (CT) specimens on AS4/8552 and IM7/8552 cross-ply lay-ups. Experimental fracture energy and R-curves for both materials were determined using the most common data reduction methods, such as the compliance calibration (CC), the area (AM) and the Irwin relationship (IM). Our new data reduction method uses a surrogate model based on an artificial neural network (ANN) trained with synthetic data generated with the cohesive crack finite element model. Such a surrogate model maps the cohesive properties with the corresponding load–displacement, crack-displacement and energy-displacement curves with interrogation times in the order of 20 ms and relative errors in the load–displacement and crack growth less than 2%. Such performance enabled its encapsulation to approximate the inverse problem to infer the cohesive parameters with the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) directly from the experimental load–displacement and crack-displacement curves. The results demonstrated the ability of the model to deliver cohesive parameter inference directly from the macroscopic tests carried out at the laboratory level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 6","pages":"1833 - 1848"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-024-10236-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response Surface Model for Mechanical Properties of Robotically Stitched Composites","authors":"Radwa Alaziz, Shuvam Saha, Rani W. Sullivan","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10245-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10245-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Composite structures are extensively used in several industries such as aerospace, automotive, sports, and construction due to their many advantages, including tailorable mechanical properties, high strength-to-weight ratios, and high specific stiffness. However, due to their low interlaminar tensile and shear strength, composites are prone to delaminations, which can degrade the overall mechanical performance of the structure. Through-thickness stitching provides a third-direction reinforcement to enhance the interlaminar tensile and shear strengths. In this study, quasi-isotropic composite test specimens were manufactured with a novel through-thickness robotic chain stitching with different patterns and tested under uniaxial tensile and three-point bend loadings. A design of experiments (DoE) approach was used to investigate the influence of stitch parameters (stitch density, stitch angle, and linear thread density) on the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and flexural strength of stitched composites. Experimental results are then used to develop a statistically informed response surface model (RSM) to find optimal stitching parameters based on a maximum predicted tensile strength, tensile modulus, and flexural strength. This study reveals and discusses the optimum selection of stitch processing parameters to improve the in-plane and out-of-plane mechanical properties.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 5","pages":"1571 - 1591"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Han Lin, Prasad Potluri, William W. Sampson, Arthur N. Wilkinson
{"title":"Nanoplatelet Orientation and Young’s Modulus of Graphene/Phenoxy Nanocomposites","authors":"Han Lin, Prasad Potluri, William W. Sampson, Arthur N. Wilkinson","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10243-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10243-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report on the development of phenoxy-graphene nano-composite fibres for improving the toughness of thermoset composites. In this paper, a systematic experimental investigation into the underlying mechanisms of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) reinforcement of phenoxy nanocomposite fibres prepared via melt spinning is provided. The analysis reveals a tangential orientation of GNP in the outer layer of the fibres, while such orientation is absent in the fibre core region. We show that the relative size of the fibre sheath depends on process variables and exhibits a linear relationship with the modulus of GNP obtained via theoretical analysis using simple rule of mixtures. This is because the area ratio (AR) is proportional to the orientation degree of GNP. This indicates that the enhancement of the Young’s modulus of fibres mainly originates from the increased AR of the fibre sheath layer where the orientation of GNP is more regular.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 6","pages":"1955 - 1966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-024-10243-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zheng Zhang, Tianye Wang, Tao Zhang, Hongcheng Shen, Baisong Pan, Min Sun, Guang Zhang, Shaofei Jiang
{"title":"Large-Deformation Electrothermal Actuation Inchworm-Like Crawling Robot Based on Bistable Structures for Load Carrying","authors":"Zheng Zhang, Tianye Wang, Tao Zhang, Hongcheng Shen, Baisong Pan, Min Sun, Guang Zhang, Shaofei Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10242-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10242-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crawling robots have great potential in some harsh environments, but there are still some limitations, such as tiny structures that can only produce small deformation and poor load-carrying capacity. A lightweight inchworm-like crawling robot made of bistable structure driven by electrothermal actuation is proposed in this paper. The robot has the characteristics of large deformation and a certain extent of load capacity. The motion of the crawling robot was realized by the common effect of the bistable structure and the designed feet with anisotropic friction. The unstable transition process between snap-through and snap-back processes of the bistable structure was utilized to provide morphological deformation. Meanwhile the feet with anisotropic friction transformed the deformation to unidirectional movement of the crawling robot. Through electric experiments, the electrothermal driving influencing factors of bistable structure are tested, including heating time, maximum temperature and curvature change, which demonstrates the possibility of driving inchworm-like crawling robot with bistable structure and large-deformation. And the structure of the inchworm-like crawling robot assembled by a bistable shell pasted with an electric heating sheet and the designed feet with anisotropic friction. In order to evaluate the motion properties and load-carrying function of the inchworm-like crawling robot, the step length test under different voltages and the experiment of the crawling robot load-carrying capacity were completed. The results show that the crawling robot performs well in load-carrying, can achieve crawling movement under the condition of carrying 10 g and 20 g objects. The inchworm-like crawling robot provides a method to achieve large-deformation and load-carrying and demonstrates it is suitable in some extreme environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 5","pages":"1499 - 1513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141343314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation of Bonded, Bolted, and Hybrid Joints in CFRP Laminates Under Tensile Loading","authors":"Yiming Shangguan, Wenjing Wang, Anrui He, Junsheng Qu","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10240-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10240-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, an in-depth analysis is carried out to simulate the failure mechanism of T700 carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite (CFRP) joints with a layup sequence of [45/-45/0/90]<sub>3 s</sub> when subjected to tensile loading, both experimentally and numerically. We compared the mechanical performance of three different edge-to-bolt diameter ratios (E/d) of bonded, bolted, and hybrid single lap joints subjected to tensile loading. A finite element-based progressive damage method (PDM) along with the bilinear triangular cohesive zone model (BTCZM) is developed to predict the damage evolution and failure mechanism for all joint configurations. By juxtaposing the simulation outcomes and the experimental data, we observed the failure morphology and assessed the bearing capacity of the joint under tensile loading. The comparison results revealed a minor discrepancy of merely 5.5% in terms of joint load capacity between simulations and experiments, which indicates the high accuracy of our model. The strength of the adhesive and mechanical joints increases with E/d from 3 to 5; however, the strength of the hybrid joints decreases. At E/d = 3, hybrid joints performed significantly better than bonded ones, with a remarkable enhancement of 41.53%. However, for E/d ratios of 4 and 5, both simulation results and test data showed that hybrid joints were inferior to bolted joints. The analytical methodology presented in this paper offers a valuable reference for future analysis and design of composite joints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 5","pages":"1593 - 1624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141253439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengzhen Li, Carlos Guedes Soares, Zhiping Liu, Peng Zhang
{"title":"Free and Forced Vibration Analysis of Carbon/Glass Hybrid Composite Laminated Plates Under Arbitrary Boundary Conditions","authors":"Mengzhen Li, Carlos Guedes Soares, Zhiping Liu, Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10235-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10235-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents the theoretical investigations on the free and forced vibration behaviours of carbon/glass hybrid composite laminated plates with arbitrary boundary conditions. The unknown allowable displacement functions of the physical middle surface are expressed in terms of standard cosine Fourier series and sinusoidal auxiliary functions to ensure the continuity of the displacement functions and their derivatives at the structural boundaries. Arbitrary boundary conditions are achieved through the introduction of an artificial spring technique. The first shear deformation theory and Lagrange equations are utilized to derive the energy expression, and the eigenvalue equations associated with free and forced vibration are obtained by Rayleigh-Ritz variational operations. Subsequently, these equations are then solved to determine the natural frequency, mode of vibration, and the steady-state displacement response under forced excitation. The new results are compared with those from references and finite element methods to verify the convergence, accuracy and efficiency of the analytical method. The effects of hybrid ratios, stacking sequences, lamination schemes, fibre orientation, boundary conditions and excitation force on the free and forced vibration behaviours of the carbon/glass hybrid composite laminated plates are analyzed in detail.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 5","pages":"1687 - 1710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-024-10235-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141253443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonlinear Mechanical Behavior of Glass Fiber/ Epoxy Resin Composite Under Medium and Low Strain Rates Loading","authors":"Zheng Liu, Jianlin Zhong, Rui Ren, Ziruo Tang, Changfang Zhao, Xinxin Liu, Yuan Gao, Jie Ren","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10233-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10233-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The necessity to design composite building structures that are both safe and reliable has prompted the academic community to delve into the investigation of the bearing capacity of composite materials and forecast their mechanical behavior. Since most deformation of composite structures under impact is in the range of low to medium strain rate (<span>(dot{varepsilon }le 100hspace{0.33em}{s}^{-1})</span>), this paper conducted experimental study and finite element analysis (FEA) on the nonlinear mechanical behavior of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) before damage under medium and low strain rates loading. A strain rate dependent elastic-viscoplastic constitutive equation considering the tension and compression strength-difference effect was proposed based on a nonlinear elastic–plastic constitutive model. The mechanical behaviors of GFRP laminate at medium and low strain rates were obtained by writing the explicit user-defined material subroutine (VUMAT). The prediction results of FEA are in good agreement with the experimental findings. Thus, the constitutive model can be used to predict the mechanical behaviors of the GFRP building structures at medium and low strain rates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 4","pages":"1369 - 1392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141102513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Lightweight Hybrid Composites Under Low Velocity Impact","authors":"Kumar Maharshi, Shivdayal Patel","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10237-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10237-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The experimental and numerical study of Jute—Basalt hybrid composites was performed under low-velocity impact (LVI) considering the low cost and higher specific strength and stiffness. Hybrid composites were fabricated using the vacuum infusion method to improve fiber volume fraction to reduce the air defect. The LVI tests were conducted on the Instron 9350 model at three impacting energies of 10 J, 20 J, and 30 J to study the impact force, absorbed energy, maximum displacement, and damaged area. The failure behaviour of impact-tested specimens of the natural fiber composites obtained from CT Scan was validated by three–dimensional numerical modelling using the VUMAT subroutine in ABAQUS/Explicit. The experimental and numerical results showed that the peak force and absorbed energy were significantly improved and adding basalt fabric enhanced the peak performance of jute composite. The simulation results helped to understand the delamination phenomenon which was not visible in the samples after the test. Experimental results were validated with numerical simulation results considering the 10, 20, and 30 J energy level. The peak force of B-JFRP was improved due to hybridization and the damage resistance of it could be seen as the impactor was unable to perforate at 30 J fully. The alternating stacking sequence helped in minimizing the use of basalt fabric and enhanced the overall performance of the hybrid composite. Biodegradable hybrid natural fiber composites are a promising category for developing lightweight and impact-resistant structural materials for marine applications, wind turbine, and defense industry applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 4","pages":"1393 - 1412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overview of Microwave NDT Techniques for Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites","authors":"Zhen Li, Constantinos Soutis, Andrew Gibson","doi":"10.1007/s10443-024-10239-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-024-10239-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this article, a comprehensive overview of microwaves-based non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for carbon fibre- and glass fibre-reinforced polymer composites is presented. These lightweight composites have been widely employed in aerospace, naval, automotive, construction, electronics and wind energy industries. Monitoring the structural integrity is critical for the maintenance and repair of such heterogeneous composite structures. Traditional ultrasonic methods do not always identify defects or damage in such structures. In that case, microwave NDT techniques can provide a complementary modality. The microwave NDT has been adopted for material characterisation, quality assessment and damage detection. Wider applications will be expected, as more low-cost microwave components become commercially available.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"31 6","pages":"1907 - 1932"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}