Analysis of long-term Stability and Microwave Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness of Epoxy MWCNT/Cu@C Nanocomposites after Hydrothermal Ageing in Saline Water

IF 2.9 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Applied Composite Materials Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI:10.1007/s10443-025-10371-z

Dzmitry Tsyhanok, Jan Macutkevic, Darya Meisak, Juras Banys, Algirdas Selskis, Alisa Sabalina, Miks Bleija, Oskars Platnieks, Sergejs Gaidukovs

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Abstract

The long-term electromagnetic interference shielding performance of hybrid epoxy nanocomposites was investigated after sustained hydrothermal ageing. Epoxy matrices were co-filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, 0.05–1 vol%) and carbon-coated copper nanoparticles (Cu@C, 5 vol%) and then immersed in a 0.1 wt% NaCl solution at 80 °C for 1000 h. Gravimetric analysis revealed a maximum mass uptake of about 1 wt%, followed by partial leaching of low-molar-mass species. Ageing induced a one-order-of-magnitude rise in room-temperature conductivity (up to 0.21 S m⁻¹) and a sixfold increase in effective permittivity (ε′ ≈ 1100 at 0.573 kHz). During a single heating–cooling cycle to 500 K, the electrical conductivity showed almost the exact same behaviour as seen in non-aged composites, indicating low to no effect of hydrothermal ageing on structural relaxation or thermally activated epoxy-filler interactions. Across the 26–37 GHz Ka-band, total shielding effectiveness (SE_T) remained 4–9 dB with absorption (up to 0.67) dominating over reflection. A slight (< 2 dB) enhancement in the low-frequency range of Ka-band was recorded. The combination of a resilient microstructure and stable EMI performance shows that MWCNT/Cu@C/Epoxy hybrids offer durable, hydrothermally stable shielding, which is ideal for humid or saline conditions in marine or aircraft settings, especially for radar-related systems.

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环氧MWCNT/Cu@C纳米复合材料盐水热老化后的长期稳定性及屏蔽微波电磁干扰性能分析

研究了复合环氧纳米复合材料经持续水热老化后的长期电磁干扰屏蔽性能。将多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs, 0.05-1 vol%）和碳包覆铜纳米粒子（Cu@C, 5 vol%）共填充环氧基体，然后在0.1 wt% NaCl溶液中浸泡1000 h，温度为80°C。重量分析显示，最大质量吸收量约为1wt %，其次是低摩尔质量物质的部分浸出。老化导致室温电导率上升一个数量级（高达0.21 S m⁻），有效介电常数增加六倍（ε′≈1100,0.573 kHz）。在500 K的单次加热-冷却循环中，电导率表现出与未老化复合材料几乎完全相同的行为，表明水热老化对结构松弛或热活化环氧树脂-填料相互作用的影响很小或没有影响。在26-37 GHz ka波段，总屏蔽效率（SET）保持在4-9 dB，吸收（高达0.67）优于反射。在ka波段的低频范围内记录到轻微的（< 2 dB）增强。弹性微结构和稳定的电磁干扰性能的结合表明，MWCNT/Cu@C/环氧复合材料提供了耐用的、水热稳定的屏蔽，非常适合船舶或飞机环境中的潮湿或盐水环境，特别是雷达相关系统。

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来源期刊

Applied Composite Materials 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

4.30%

发文量

审稿时长

1.6 months

期刊介绍： Applied Composite Materials is an international journal dedicated to the publication of original full-length papers, review articles and short communications of the highest quality that advance the development and application of engineering composite materials. Its articles identify problems that limit the performance and reliability of the composite material and composite part; and propose solutions that lead to innovation in design and the successful exploitation and commercialization of composite materials across the widest spectrum of engineering uses. The main focus is on the quantitative descriptions of material systems and processing routes. Coverage includes management of time-dependent changes in microscopic and macroscopic structure and its exploitation from the material''s conception through to its eventual obsolescence.