Elsevier最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The complexation of insulin with sodium N‐[8‐(2‐hydroxybenzoyl)amino]‐caprylate for enhanced oral delivery: Effects of concentration, ratio, and pH” [Chinese Chemical Letters 33 (2022) 1889-1894]","authors":"Huixian Weng , Lefei Hu , Lei Hu , Yihan Zhou , Aohua Wang , Ning Wang , Wenzhe Li , Chunliu Zhu , Shiyan Guo , Miaorong Yu , Yong Gan","doi":"10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cclet.2025.111316","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10088,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Chemical Letters","volume":"36 8","pages":"Article 111316"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino-functionalized Ti3C2 MXene as efficient additive for high-performance methylammonium-free inverted perovskite solar cells","authors":"Jessica H.H. Rossato ,&nbsp;Hugo G. Lemos ,&nbsp;Igor Coelho Gouvea ,&nbsp;Mailis Lounasvuori ,&nbsp;Edgar Nandayapa ,&nbsp;Alexander Tarasov ,&nbsp;Maja Tomic ,&nbsp;Sydney F. Santos ,&nbsp;Fernando Stavale ,&nbsp;Eva Unger ,&nbsp;Carlos F.O. Graeff","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ti₃C₂T_x MXenes are promising additives for perovskite absorber layer due to their changeable work function (WF) and favored affinity to under-coordinated ions. These features can be further tuned by inserting alternative functional groups other than oxygen and fluorine commonly present in these 2D materials. In this work, we use amino functionalized Ti₃C₂T_x (MXN) as effective additive for a methyl-ammonium free perovskite in <em>p-i-n</em> devices. Amino groups demonstrate to increase the interaction of MXenes with under-coordinated ions and to reduce WF of perovskite films. These features contribute to mitigate non-radiative recombination and to increase charge carrier lifetime and density of photogenerated charges, reflecting in better V_oc and J_sc. These improvements lead to devices with optimized efficiency of 21.33 ± 0.31 % (22.84 % for the champion device). The MXN also increase device stability which lasted about four times more under ISOS-L2 protocol. In situ photoluminescence spectrum monitoring during perovskite coating indicates that MXN acts as nucleating sites for bromine-rich intermediate phases at the early stages of the perovskite formation. The MXN also provides additional carrier charges passivating intrinsic defects generally formed by anions diffusion during the halide homogenization process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 113668"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing vocal complexity in relation to sociality in orcas of British Columbia: An application of long-term computational passive acoustics","authors":"Paul Best ,&nbsp;Marion Poupard ,&nbsp;Ricard Marxer ,&nbsp;Paul Spong ,&nbsp;Helena Symonds ,&nbsp;Hervé Glotin","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Orcas are both highly social and highly vocal animals. In coastal waters of the North-Eastern Pacific Ocean, the Northern Resident orca population is well monitored, providing a great opportunity to learn about their social and communicative behaviour. Here, we report a series of acoustic analyses that lead to the empirical assessment of factors that might impact vocal complexity.</div><div>Automatically processing long-term passive acoustic data, we detected and classified calls to transcribe vocal activity. Detailed post-hoc analyses show that the detection model is imperfect, especially in detecting calls of low energy. Also, diarisation is not possible with this data and transcriptions might gather a mixture of several emitters. Taking these limitations into account, we measured communicative complexity considering the groups’ vocal production as a whole. Acoustic and visual cues also enabled the identification of specific groups with estimated numbers of individuals.</div><div>Results highlight a positive correlation between vocal and social complexity, which could be due to the mere effect of having more potential emitters. Nonetheless, this brings a first demonstration of the non-trivial link between the number of emitters and complexity in the composition of sequences. We also demonstrate significant impacts of other proximate factors such as behaviour on vocal complexity measurements, and advocate for multi-factor considerations when evaluating communicative complexity.</div><div>This work demonstrates the pertinence of joint efforts between passive acoustics, visual observations and machine learning to enhance the scale of behavioural studies and assess the validity of evolutionary hypotheses of communication systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51024,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Informatics","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 103211"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating crowds: Reconsidering visitor recreational experience and crowding preference for a forest park in Taiwan","authors":"Wan-Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Chin-Chun Yen ,&nbsp;Rachel S.K. Lee ,&nbsp;Chun-Cheng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forpol.2025.103540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As forest recreational activities gain popularity, the potential for crowding and activity-based conflicts to diminish sustainable recreational quality becomes a critical concern. Consequently, it is vital to understand the factors shaping recreational preferences and conflict perceptions in natural settings. This study selected Xitou Nature Education Area, Taiwan's most frequented forest park, as a case study to investigate complex relationships among visitor demographics, crowding perceptions, and recreational behaviors. Using a questionnaire and choice experiment, the study explored perceptions of crowding and recreational conflicts within Xitou, alongside visitors' willingness to travel further to avoid crowded conditions. The analysis showed that visitor preferences differed significantly across socioeconomic groups, with age playing a substantial role in shaping motivations and behaviors. While overall perceptions of crowding were moderate, visitors aged 65 and older demonstrated notable tolerance for crowds. Despite the park's high visitation, the incidence of recreational conflict was relatively low, with primary disturbances attributed to visitors resting in various locations, park staff, and group game participants. Contrary to expectations, visitors did not exhibit strong willingness to pay to avoid crowding. Instead, results surprisingly suggested a slight preference for increased social interaction within the park, challenging the general assumption that crowding is always viewed negatively. Drawing from visitor perceptions of overcrowding, we propose enhanced regulations and stricter monitoring for designated resting and picnicking areas to elevate the forest recreation experience. Crucially, this study highlights that effective park management must acknowledge and cater to diverse visitor motivations, whether they seek physical activity, social engagement, or solitude.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12451,"journal":{"name":"Forest Policy and Economics","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 103540"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the air quality standard exceedance areas and the spatial representativeness of urban air quality stations applying microscale modelling","authors":"F. Martín ,&nbsp;V. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;J.L. Santiago ,&nbsp;J. Sousa ,&nbsp;J. Stocker ,&nbsp;S. Janssen ,&nbsp;R. Jackson ,&nbsp;F. Russo ,&nbsp;M.G. Villani ,&nbsp;G. Tinarelli ,&nbsp;D. Barbero ,&nbsp;R. San José ,&nbsp;J.L. Pérez-Camanyo ,&nbsp;G. Sousa-Santos ,&nbsp;L. Tarrason ,&nbsp;J. Bartzis ,&nbsp;I. Sakellaris ,&nbsp;Z. Horváth ,&nbsp;L. Környei ,&nbsp;X. Jurado ,&nbsp;P. Thunis","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study builds upon the findings of a FAIRMODE intercomparison exercise conducted in a district of Antwerp, Belgium, where a comprehensive dataset of air pollutant measurements (air quality stations and passive samplers) was available. Long-term average NO₂ concentrations at very high spatial resolution were estimated by several dispersion modelling systems (<span><span>Martín et al., 2024</span></span>) to investigate the ability of these to capture the detailed spatial distribution of NO₂ concentrations at the microscale in urban environments. In this follow-up research, we extend the analysis by evaluating the capability of these modelling systems to predict the NO₂ annual limit value exceedance areas (LVEAs) and spatial representativeness areas (SRAs) for NO₂ at two reference air quality stations. The different modelling approaches used are based on CFD, Lagrangian, Gaussian, and AI-driven models.</div><div>The different modelling approaches are generally good at predicting the LVEA and SRAs of urban air quality stations, although a small SRA (corresponding to low concentration tolerances or the traffic station) is more difficult to predict correctly. However, there are notable differences in performance among the modelling systems. Those based on CFD models seem to provide more consistent results predicting LVEAs and SRAs. Then, lower accuracy is obtained with AI-based systems, Lagrangian models, and Gaussian models with street canyon parameterizations. The Gaussian models with street-canyon parametrizations show significantly better results than models using simply a Gaussian dispersion parametrization.</div><div>Furthermore, little differences are observed in most of the statistical indicators corresponding to the LVEA and SRA estimates obtained from the unsteady full month CFD simulations compared to those from the scenario-based CFD simulation methodologies, but there are some noticeable differences in the LVEA or SRA (traffic station, 10 % tolerance) sizes. The number of scenarios does not seem to be relevant to the results. Different bias correction methodologies are explored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"988 ","pages":"Article 179824"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Logit neural-network utility","authors":"Sung-Lin Hsieh ,&nbsp;Shaowei Ke ,&nbsp;Zhaoran Wang ,&nbsp;Chen Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We introduce stochastic choice models that feature neural networks, one of which is called the logit neural-network utility (NU) model. We show how to use simple neurons, referred to as behavioral neurons, to capture behavioral effects, such as the certainty effect and reference dependence. We find that simple logit NU models with natural interpretation provide better out-of-sample predictions than expected utility theory and cumulative prospect theory, especially for choice problems that involve lotteries with both positive and negative prizes. We also find that the use of behavioral neurons mitigates overfitting and significantly improves our models’ performance, consistent with numerous successes in introducing useful inductive biases in the machine-learning literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 107054"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water quality improvements and ecological inertia: a basin-wide assessment of ecosystem recovery in the Yangtze River system (2005–2022)","authors":"Xingcheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Yunlin Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoran Tang ,&nbsp;Qingji Zhang ,&nbsp;Chixiao Cui ,&nbsp;Boqiang Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yangtze River Basin is Asia’s largest fluvial network and a critical socio‐ecological system, yet decades of rapid economic development have degraded its water quality and biodiversity. Since the 2000s, China has implemented extensive pollution‑control and restoration policies targeting both rivers and lakes. Here, we synthesize an 18‑year (2005–2022) multisource dataset—including monthly measurements of 24 water‑quality parameters at 1,014 river cross‑sections, chlorophyll‑<em>a</em> (Chl<em>a</em>) concentrations, remote‑sensing of macrophyte cover, benthic invertebrate surveys across 99 lakes, and upper‑river fish‑catch data (1998–2022)—to assess recovery trajectories across the basin. This integrated analysis revealed that rivers exhibited rapid and uniform improvements in total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia‑N (NH₃‑N), and permanganate index of chemical oxygen demand (COD_Mn), with 95.4 % of sites achieving China’s Grade I–III water quality by 2022 (Grade I indicating optimal water quality), reflecting successful pollution control measures. However, lakes exhibited a delayed response, as ecosystem recovery lagged water quality improvements due to ecological hysteresis. Despite Yangtze-disconnected lakes achieved the steepest TN reductions (−0.0513 mg/L/year), but TP trends were negligible, while Chl<em>a</em> increased (up to + 1.41 mg/L/year in isolated systems). Remote sensing and field surveys further indicated widespread macrophyte loss, with threefold greater in hydrologically than connected systems (slope =  −1.4058 vs. −0.4633 km²/year), and significant reductions in macroinvertebrate abundance and species richness between 2007-2009 and 2018. Our findings demonstrated the decoupling of physicochemical recovery and biological responses in lakes, likely driven by legacy nutrients in sediments, long hydraulic residence times, habitat fragmentation, and warming temperatures. While the recent fishing ban in the upper Yangtze River has contributed to a partial recovery of fish populations, ensuring long-term ecological restoration requires a <em>meta</em>-coupled human and natural system approach—one that integrates natural and human systems to achieve synergistic solutions for sustainable development. This study underscores the urgent need for targeted management strategies to mitigate internal nutrient loading, enhance biodiversity conservation, and improve the resilience of aquatic ecosystems in the face of ongoing environmental change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11459,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Indicators","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 113700"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validating the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach for remote sensing of perennial grass net primary production","authors":"Shaohui Zhang ,&nbsp;Poul Erik Lærke ,&nbsp;Mathias Neumann Andersen ,&nbsp;Junxiang Peng ,&nbsp;Esben Øster Mortensen ,&nbsp;Johannes Wilhelmus Maria Pullens ,&nbsp;Sheng Wang ,&nbsp;Klaus Steenberg Larsen ,&nbsp;Davide Cammarano ,&nbsp;Uffe Jørgensen ,&nbsp;Kiril Manevski","doi":"10.1016/j.rse.2025.114857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rse.2025.114857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under optimal growth conditions, net primary productivity (<em>NPP</em>) is a product of intercepted photosynthetic active radiation (<em>Ipar</em>) and maximum radiation use efficiency (<em>RUE</em>_<em>max</em>; conversion of <em>Ipar</em> to biomass). The objective of this study was to improve and validate the <em>RUE</em>_<em>max</em>-based Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (<em>CASA</em>) for the determination of grassland <em>NPP</em> by canopy multispectral reflectance collected at field (handheld sensor) and airborne (<em>UAV</em>) scale considering environmental constraints. The analysis was based on multi-year field experiments on sandy loam soil in Denmark, measured shoot and estimated root biomass to calculate <em>NPP</em>, long-term meteorological data, and daily <em>NPP</em> estimated from <em>CO</em>_<em>2</em> flux chamber measurements for deriving environmental constraints.</div><div>The results derived from <em>CO</em>_<em>2</em> flux data showed that <em>NPP</em> and plant respiration were higher in the middle of the season before the second harvest when temperature was also high. The daily maximum air temperature optimal for grass biomass production was 16.5 °C. The improved <em>CASA</em> model built in this study was accurate for modeling <em>NPP</em> at both daily (<em>nRMSE</em> decrease of 9 %) and seasonal (<em>nRMSE</em> decrease of 8–34 %) scales when considering the best environmental constraints such as maximum air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, cloudiness, and water stress, compared to no constraints. Maximum air temperature and water stress were the most important environmental constraints to the grass <em>RUE</em>_<em>max</em>. Seasonal <em>RUE</em>_<em>max</em> for modeling <em>NPP</em> after considering best environmental constraints was 1.9–2.7 g C MJ⁻¹ for ryegrass and 1.9–2.2 g C MJ⁻¹ for grass-legume mixture using the two remote sensors for measuring spectral reflectance. Over the whole growing season, tall fescue (3.1 g C MJ⁻¹) and festulolium (2.9 g C MJ⁻¹) obtained higher <em>RUE</em>_<em>max</em> than perennial ryegrass (2.3 g C MJ⁻¹).</div><div>This study highlights the practical implications of using the <em>CASA</em> model improved by maximum temperature and water stress functions for real-time, remote sensing-based assessments of grassland productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":417,"journal":{"name":"Remote Sensing of Environment","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 114857"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of exhaust heat recovery and hydrogen production by steam methane reforming under different operating conditions of the HCNG engine","authors":"Muhammad Ihsan Shahid ,&nbsp;Muhammad Farhan ,&nbsp;Anas Rao ,&nbsp;Muhammad Saddam Hussain ,&nbsp;Xianlei Zhu ,&nbsp;Hamza Ahmad Salam ,&nbsp;Tianhao Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Fanhua Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen production plays a crucial role in advancing clean energy technologies, particularly in the transportation and power generation sectors. However, conventional hydrogen production methods are often constrained by high energy consumption and limited efficiency. This study proposes a novel approach to enhance hydrogen production efficiency by utilizing exhaust heat from hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) engines in conjunction with the steam methane reforming (SMR) process. By recovering and repurposing exhaust heat, the study aims to boost overall system efficiency and assess hydrogen generation under various operating conditions in HCNG engines. The experiment analyzes the exhaust heat at hydrogen ratios (10 %, 20 %, 30 %), EGR (Exhaust gas recirculation) ratios (24 %, 27 %, 29 %), engine load (50 %, 75 %, 100 %) and speed (1100, 1200, 1500) rpm under stoichiometric conditions. This study aims to simulate hydrogen production through the SMR process employing ASPEN Plus software. It also evaluates the heat duties of the reformer and heat exchangers involved in the SMR system. The simulation is conducted under various engine operating conditions, incorporating different exhaust temperatures, mass flow rates, and levels of available exhaust heat to assess their impact on hydrogen production performance. The rate of hydrogen production increased by 41.45 % by raising the steam-to-methane ratio (S/C) from 1 to 6 and increased by 20.11 % by raising the temperature of the reformer from 973 K to 1273 K. The hydrogen was formed at a rate of 6.85 kg/hr, with a reformer temperature of 1273 K, utilizing an additional heat duty for the reformer. The maximum heat recovered from the exhaust of the HCNG engine was 77.26 kW out of a total of 83.86 kW at specific conditions with a 20 % hydrogen fraction. Under these conditions, the engine efficiency was 36.03 %, while the overall maximum system efficiency of the HCNG engine after hydrogen production is 82.32 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":325,"journal":{"name":"Fuel","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 135853"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical performance of Ni–Fe–Co spinel anodes with a nanorod structure in anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers","authors":"Ataollah Niyati,&nbsp;Arianna Moranda,&nbsp;Ombretta Paladino","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.06.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green hydrogen production via anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) is becoming a game changer as a sustainable energy solution by offering a cost-effective alternative to conventional electrolyzers. In this study, Ni–Fe–Co spinel electrocatalysts, with a specific nanorod morphology engineered to optimize ion diffusion, were synthesized via a sono-hydrothermal method and evaluated as anodes in AEMWEs. Four different compositions of nanostructured Ni–Fe–Co oxides, all based on the NiCo₂O₄ spinel, and named NiCo3–S, NiCo4–S, NiFe1–S (10 % Fe), and NiFe2–S (20 % Fe) were synthesized and spray-coated onto nickel felt gas diffusion layers. A Pt/C cathode and an Aemion + membrane completed the 5 cm² AEMWE assembly. The structural analysis confirmed well-defined spinel phases and a nanorod morphology for all the electrocatalysts, with NiFe2–S exhibiting enhanced crystallinity and smaller nanorod dimensions. Electrochemical tests revealed that AEM cells equipped with NiFe2–S anodes achieved a low cell voltage of 1.808 V at 1 A. cm⁻² and 2.06 V at 2 A. cm⁻², outperforming other electrocatalysts. A 45-h DC stability test showed only a slight voltage increase (1.815 V–1.866 V), while a 20-h accelerated stress test (AST) confirmed minimal degradation. These results demonstrate that Fe incorporation inside an already optimized nanorod structure improves electrocatalytic activity, charge transfer, and durability, making NiFe2–S a promising anode material for scalable AEMWE applications, further advancing the development of cost-effective green hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"144 ","pages":"Pages 124-132"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}