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{"title":"Meteorological drought dynamics and climatic interactions in the arid and semi-arid regions of western India.","authors":"Debarati Bera, Dipanwita Dutta, Sayanti Poddar, Arnab Kundu","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change has heightened uncertainties in climatic behaviour, resulting in an increase in extreme events like floods and droughts, which significantly impact water resource management and agricultural practices. In India, over 80 % of agricultural land relies on rainfed systems, making it particularly vulnerable to uncertainties in rainfall, often leading to crop failures in the arid and semi-arid regions of western India. This study utilizes the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to analyze drought characteristics-frequency, duration, severity, and intensity-using India Meteorological Department (IMD) based rainfall and temperature data from 1981 to 2023 across five agro-climatic zones. Seasonal and annual drought trends were assessed with the Modified Mann-Kendall test, while cross-wavelet transform analysis explored the connections between global climatic phenomena and regional droughts, focusing on atmospheric drivers like the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Findings indicate that over 35 % of the study area experiences long-term drought (SPEI12). Short-term drought (SPEI01) is prevalent in the Central Plateau and Hills (Z02), whereas long-term droughts primarily affect the Gujarat Plains and Hills (Z04) and the Western Dry Region (Z05). A statistically significant increasing trend in drought occurrence (at the 95 % confidence level) was observed across all seasons except the monsoon. Throughout most of the study region-excluding a few scattered pockets-the monsoonal trend showed a positive SPEI, indicating an overall increase in rainfall during the monsoon season since 1981. The analysis also revealed a significant correlation between drought events and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, with droughts being more strongly influenced by different ENSO phases than by the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Furthermore, the study identified distinct spatial patterns of drought occurrence, trends, and their global climatic drivers across various agroclimatic zones in India's arid and semi-arid regions. These results underline the need for evidence-based policies to mitigate drought impacts and promote sustainable development in India's dry regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"387 ","pages":"125836"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does increasing auctioning in the EU ETS increase companies' search efforts for favourable trading options?","authors":"Sascha Lehmann, Joachim Schleich","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The European Emissions Trading System was established in 2005 and regulates greenhouse gas emissions across energy, industry, and aviation sectors in EU Member States. Since 2013, the share of auctioned allowances has increased, and will further increase in the future. A higher share of auctioning is generally considered to improve efficiency of an emissions trading system. However, increased auctioning may increase search activity on the secondary market because it increases companies' financial incentives to find more favourable trading options, potentially undermining efficiency gains of auctioning compared to free allocation. Employing trading and company data from 2005 to 2017, this study empirically examines if increased auctioning affects companies' search for favourable secondary market trading options, specifically in terms of the number of trading partners and trading frequency. Results from estimating panel econometric models suggest that companies with a higher absolute net position value and higher banking stock value indeed intensify their secondary market search activities, ceteris paribus. Because the size effects appear to be rather small, however, any additional search costs are likely to be more than offset by the positive effects of a higher auction share compared to free allocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"387 ","pages":"125830"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New micro- and macro- perspective on the removal process of 1H-benzotriazole by UV/PDS: Degradation mechanism, kinetics and multi-factor impact on removal efficiency.","authors":"Juan Dang, Li-Ao Gao, Xue Jia, Xiao-Meng Zhang, Hong-Jin Wu, Shi-Bo Zhang, Qing-Zhu Zhang, Shuai Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1H-benzotriazole (BTH), a high-volume industrial chemical, poses serious environmental concerns due to its toxicity and resistance to biodegradation, underscoring the urgent need for effective wastewater treatment solutions. This work evaluated the BTH removal efficiency under different conditions, including initial concentrations of Cl^-, Br^-, and HCO₃^- (i.e., [Cl^-]₀, [Br^-]₀, and [HCO₃^-]₀), pH levels, and coexisting ions. A multi-physics approach was employed, integrating reaction kinetics, computational fluid dynamics, and UV radiation models. Numerical results indicate that low [Cl^-]₀ promotes the oxidative degradation of BTH, whereas high [Cl^-]₀ inhibit this process by reducing the concentration of active radicals (HO•, Cl•, and SO₄^•-). Conversely, high [Br^-]₀ facilitates BTH removal due to the participation of Br• and BrO•. The existence of HCO₃^- introduces an obvious hysteresis effect in BTH removal, which intensifies with increasing [HCO₃^-]₀, attributed to the decreased concentrations of HO• and SO₄^•- and the low reactivity of CO₃^•-. Additionally, an increase in pH levels further accelerates BTH removal. When Cl^-, Br^-, and HCO₃^- coexist, the generated active bromine and chlorine species significantly enhance BTH degradation. This work provides a combined micro- and macro-level perspective on the efficient removal of organic contaminants by advanced oxidation techniques, intrinsically clarifying the complicated influences of multiple factors in practical sewage treatment scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"387 ","pages":"125941"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-zirconia modified biochar for efficient removal of arsenite and arsenate from freshwater and seawater.","authors":"Qianyu Zhao, Yun Wu, Yingying Tang, Peng Zhang, Yunxue Guo, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arsenic (As) pollution in groundwater and seawater represents a major global environmental and public health issue. This study explores the efficacy of nano-zirconium oxide (N-ZrO₂) loaded biochar (BC) for removing inorganic arsenic (iAs), arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)], from both freshwater and seawater. Utilizing scanning electron microscopy, flourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, successful loading of N-ZrO₂ onto BC was confirmed, significantly boosting its adsorption capacity to 44.1 mg g^-1 for As(III) and 33.5 mg g^-1 for As(V). The adsorption process, following a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, primarily involved chemisorption, with hydroxyl groups playing a crucial role. The N-ZrO₂-modified BC exhibited minimal pH sensitivity, demonstrating optimal adsorption at a concentration of 0.5 g L^-1, surpassing other materials in efficiency and dosage requirements, and exhibiting potential for recyclability. In practical applications, it achieved high removal efficiencies (95 % in freshwater and 86 % in seawater), establishing 700 °C N-ZrO₂-BC as a proficient adsorbent for simultaneous removal of As(III) and As(V) from contaminated freshwater and seawater. This study offers a promising solution to As contamination, with significant implications for public health and environmental sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"387 ","pages":"125940"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanohybrid delivery systems for release of an anti-inflammatory drug based on the magnetic nanocomposites of Mg/Zn-Al layered double hydroxides","authors":"Sorour Bakhshi Sichani,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Mansournia,&nbsp;Fereshteh Abbasi","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents a novel approach to prepare the MgAl and ZnAl layered double hydroxides (MgAl-LDH (ML) and ZnAl-LDH (ZL)) as the shell on the core of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, followed by investigating the intercalation process of an anti-inflammatory drug, mefenamic acid (mef), and then, utilizing the produced Fe₃O₄@MgAl-LDH (FML) and Fe₃O₄@ZnAl-LDH (FZL) samples in a nanohybrid delivery model. The obtained biocompatible nanostructures were characterized by a range of techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, EDX, SEM, VSM, TEM, and TGA. The enlargement of the interlayer space, revealed by the X-ray diffraction technique, indicated that mef was successfully intercalated into the LDH nanostructures (ML 95.16 %, ZL 95.21 %, FML 93.88 %, and FZL 94.17 %). The surface morphology, examined by the scanning electron microscope images showed the stacked sheet of LDHs. In addition, the drug release properties were studied in PBS buffer (pH = 7.4) at 37 °C and exhibited a sustained release profile. The great rate of 80.03 %, 60.96 %, 82.11 %, and 80.55 % was found after 24 h for ML-mef, ZL-mef, FML-mef, and FZL-mef nanohybrids, respectively. The results revealed that the as-synthesized nanocomposites can play the role of a promising nanocarrier in the targeted and controlling drug release systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 102474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Desmitificando el diagnóstico de las ITS: una mirada crítica desde una perspectiva de género; ¿existe discriminación o prejuicios?","authors":"H. Bermúdez Marval,&nbsp;C. García Bertolín,&nbsp;A. Rojas Díaz,&nbsp;T. Arroyo Serrano,&nbsp;M. Linares Rufo","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102551","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 7","pages":"Article 102551"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When words and pointing compete: Young children’s referential comprehension under uncertainty","authors":"A. Beyza Ateş ,&nbsp;Aylin C. Küntay","doi":"10.1016/j.jecp.2025.106323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jecp.2025.106323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present research comprised two studies examining how 2- to 4-year-old children resolve referential uncertainty. Study 1 investigated first touches—objects initially selected or touched immediately—and takeaways—objects ultimately selected or given—as two distinct object selection behaviors, along with the verbal responses accompanying them. Study 2 explored how communicative context (i.e., preactivation of familiar object labels prior to object selection) and child characteristics (i.e., age, vocabulary knowledge, and selective attention) influenced children’s referential strategies. Using a modified version of <span><span>Grassmann and Tomasello’s (2010)</span></span> paradigm, two experimental conditions were implemented: In the Familiar-Familiar condition, when presented with two familiar objects, Experimenter 1 labeled one object to be given to Experimenter 2, while pointing to the other. In the Novel-Familiar condition, when presented with one novel and one familiar object, Experimenter 1 used a novel label while pointing to the familiar object. Results demonstrated that ostensive pointing was a stronger cue than verbal labeling in guiding children’s object selections. Children modified their selections between first touches and takeaways in 17–34% of trials or verbally responded to the contradiction in 13–40% of trials. Furthermore, preactivation of familiar object labels and individual characteristics—particularly age and selective attention—were linked to variations in referential strategies. These findings highlight the complexity of referential resolution, where children integrate verbal and nonverbal cues, providing nuances about communicative development and insights about how it could be supported.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 106323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of sago (Metroxylon spp) to hydrochar as potential catalyst for etherification of glycerol","authors":"Jakaria Rambli ,&nbsp;Armando T. Quitain ,&nbsp;Ramin Khezri ,&nbsp;Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim Ghani ,&nbsp;Suttichai Assabumrungrat ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Kida","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sustainable management of agricultural waste is crucial for achieving global carbon neutrality. Sago (<em>Metroxylon</em> spp) waste is generated in large quantities during starch extraction and is often discarded improperly or burned openly, which leads to significant environmental degradation. In this study, we converted sago waste into valuable hydrochar through microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization at temperatures between 200 and 250 °C for 1 h. Proximate and ultimate analyses were performed, as well as analyses of bulk density, pH, thermogravimetric and surface, and structure using scanning electron microscopy and BET. Hydrochar produced at 200 °C had a higher yield (29.8 %) than that produced using conventional heating methods. It also had an enhanced fixed carbon content (22.1–26.4 % compared to 11.04 % in raw biomass) and reduced O/C (0.999–1.432) and H/C (0.007–0.117) ratios. This indicates improved carbonization and hydrophobicity. The BET surface area of the hydrochar increased with temperature, ranging from 57.9 to 179.8 m²/g, with the highest value being reached at 250 °C. SEM analysis revealed that lower temperatures preserved more of the original fibrous structure of the biomass, whereas higher temperatures resulted in greater porosity and surface roughness due to the progressive breakdown and reformation of biomass components. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed that polar functional groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl, decreased at 200 °C, thereby enhancing the stability of the hydrochar. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization at 200 °C produced hydrochar with balanced properties, achieving 99 % glycerol conversion and 59.9 % glycerol <em>tert</em>-butyl ether selectivity, thereby outperforming commercial resin catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 108143"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on thermophysical properties of porous aluminosilicate ceramics/hitec melting salt composite phase change material: A thermal storage application","authors":"Haitao Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Yan ,&nbsp;Hailong Kang ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Feng Shao ,&nbsp;Shuide Liu ,&nbsp;Guoyou Bai ,&nbsp;Yunxu Guan ,&nbsp;Qirong Yang ,&nbsp;Zhaoying Li ,&nbsp;Yong Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solener.2025.113742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal storage has begun to be utilized in the process of solar energy utilization. Given the inherent fluctuations and intermittency of solar energy, phase change thermal storage plays a crucial role in enhancing energy utilization efficiency and promoting energy conservation. A series of novel Hitec salt/porous aluminosilicate ceramic composite PCMs (CPCMs) were synthesized and characterized through a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and experimental studies. Computational models of porous aluminosilicate ceramics (ACs) with varying SiO₂:Al₂O₃ molar ratios were established to calculate the porosity, specific surface area, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity of the ceramic matrix. Experimentally, porous ACs were prepared using these same molar ratios by incorporating a pore-forming agent. Ceramic precursors were fabricated from kieselguhr, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, and soluble starch, followed by sintering at 1250 °C to produce porous ACs. The porosity was measured using the Archimedes displacement method, and the molten Hitec salt was subsequently adsorbed into the ceramic matrix via the melt infiltration method to form CPCMs. The performance characteristics of CPCMs, including specific heat capacity, phase change temperature, latent heat of fusion, thermal conductivity, decomposition point, and microstructure, were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry, thermal conductivity analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. When CPCMs containing 25 wt% soluble starch had an SiO₂:Al₂O₃ ratio of 1:2, their thermal conductivity was 2.11 W/(m·K), while the specific heat capacity (Cp) and latent heat of fusion were 1.25 J/(g·K) and 60.83 J/g, respectively. This study provides a theoretical foundation for selecting appropriate CPCMs in thermal storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":428,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 113742"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of stress and specimen geometry on three-point bending DMA in hardened cement pastes","authors":"R. Rocha Ribeiro ,&nbsp;L. Hilliou ,&nbsp;J. Granja ,&nbsp;R. Lameiras ,&nbsp;M. Azenha","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a valuable tool for studying short-term viscoelastic behaviour in millimetric cementitious specimens. Among available configurations, three-point bending is particularly suited for stiff materials like hardened cement paste. However, unlike in other material classes, the influence of experimental variables such as stress levels and specimen geometry has not been quantitatively assessed in this context, limiting the reliability and usefulness of DMA data. This study addresses this gap by evaluating how static and dynamic stresses, as well as specimen geometry, affect storage modulus and loss tangent in three-point bending DMA tests. The DMA operational range was first established to ensure measurement validity. Tests at 1 Hz and 25°C were conducted on three groups of rectangular specimens with distinct geometries, varying static and dynamic stresses independently and jointly. The effects of static and dynamic stress were found to be opposite and followed a logarithmic trend. A unified logarithmic model was successfully applied to capture these effects using a simple analytical form, dependent on maximum stress and stress ratio, an approach not previously reported for DMA in cementitious materials. Geometry effects were linked to drying and carbonation, highlighting the technique’s sensitivity to environmental interactions. Microstructural mechanisms consistent with reversible, short-term creep were discussed. Finally, practical recommendations were proposed to guide future DMA testing protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":288,"journal":{"name":"Construction and Building Materials","volume":"490 ","pages":"Article 142109"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}