Elsevier最新文献

{"title":"Integrating inorganic Zn-ion conductor with nanocellulose towards separator-free and long-life aqueous zinc ion batteries.","authors":"Jingxuan Yu, Minfeng Chen, Hong Ma, Wenhui Liu, Qinghua Tian, Jizhang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2025.138635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcis.2025.138635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as a promising energy storage system due to their inherent safety, cost-effectiveness, large power density, and environmental sustainability. However, the widespread adoption of AZIBs is impeded by critical challenges associated with zinc anodes, including uncontrolled dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion, as well as the reliance on thick separators that reduce the battery's energy density. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a separator-free AZIB design featuring a multifunctional protective coating composed of zinc monofluorophosphate and nanocellulose on the Zn electrode. The hybrid coating with a low thickness of 15 μm serves a dual purpose, not only mitigating dendrite formation and parasitic reactions but also eliminating the need for conventional separators. The electrochemical characterization reveals that the hybrid coating enables superior corrosion resistance, extended electrochemical stability window, improved Zn²⁺ ion transport, facilitated desolvation process, lowered overpotential, and uniformized Zn deposition. Thanks to these benefits, the Zn//Zn cell offers a long life span up to 1200 h at 10 mA cm^-2 and 2 mAh cm^-2, and the full battery delivers great rate capability and cycling stability even under a low negative-to-positive capacity ratio. This work provides an appropriate solution to the development of high-energy-density and durable AZIBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":351,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","volume":"701 ","pages":"138635"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facet-selective synthesis of cadmium sulfide photocatalysts for high-efficiency CO₂ conversion.","authors":"Xingwang Zhu, Xiang Liu, Xiang Shi, Fujiang Huang, Hangmin Xu, Ganghua Zhou, Xiaozhi Wang, Xu Dong, Penghui Ding, Jianning Ding, Hui Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2025.138723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcis.2025.138723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The surface of photocatalysts plays a key role in the adsorption and activation of CO₂ molecules. Establishing the conformational relationship between the crystalline phase of the photocatalysts and the CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) activity is crucial to understanding the catalytic reaction mechanism. Herein, we synthesized CdS catalysts with different exposed crystalline facets (CdS[100], CdS[001], and CdS[111]) using hydrothermal and water bath methods and evaluated their photocatalytic CO₂RR performances. The results showed that CdS[001] displayed an optimal activity with a 203.2 μmol g^-1 h^-1 of CO generation rate compared with CdS[100] and CdS[111]. More importantly, the CdS[001] catalyst shows the best CO selectivity (S_CO: ∼86.6 %) and CO₂ reduction selectivity (S_CO2: ∼95.4 %) compared with CdS[100] (S_CO: 79.3 %; S_CO2: 90.0 %) and CdS[111] (S_CO: 79.6 %; S_CO2: 82.8 %). The optimal CdS[001] catalyst significantly inhibited the competing hydrogen evolution reaction. The adsorption and activation behaviors of CO₂ on various exposed surfaces of CdS are explored in depth based on density functional theory calculations and in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectra measurements. This work provides new insights into understanding the role of facet control in enhancing photocatalytic CO₂ conversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":351,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","volume":"701 ","pages":"138723"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-stage hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment and resource recovery through hydrogen-driven mixotrophic nitrogen assimilation.","authors":"Manoj Kumar, Chiara Belloni, Stefano Papirio, Francesco Pirozzi, Giovanni Esposito, Silvio Matassa","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing need to recover nutrients from wastewater pushes towards the development of new biological processes enabling the removal and upcycling of nitrogen (N) through microbial assimilation. In this study, a one-stage H₂-fed aerobic hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor, seeded with a mixed culture of hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria (HOB), was developed to treat a synthetic urban wastewater below discharge limits in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium nitrogen (N-NH₄⁺). The removal and recovery of the latter as microbial protein (MP) through mixotrophic N-assimilation, together with the avoidance of greenhouse gas emissions (CO₂, N₂O) during wastewater treatment, were the main objectives of this study. The performance of the H₂-driven mixotrophic N-assimilation process was evaluated in continuous mode by studying the influence of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), COD_H2:COD_acetate and H₂:O₂ ratios in the mixotrophic system. Under mixotrophic conditions, higher HRT and COD_H2:COD_acetate ratios ensured stable reactor performance with 484.4 mg VSS∙L^-1 biomass, 90 % nitrogen assimilation and up to 64.7 % protein content, whereas low HRT yielded a higher biomass concentration (604.9 mg VSS∙L^-1) but unstable performance. Conversely, under heterotrophic conditions, both nitrogen assimilation (40 %) and protein content (40 %) were significantly lower, while the residual nitrate concentration (16.1 mg∙L^-1 of N-NO₃^-) prevented compliance with total nitrogen discharge limits (<10 mg∙L^-1). Importantly, both CO₂ and N₂O emissions were minimized under mixotrophic conditions, indicating a high greenhouse gas mitigation potential. The obtained results indicate that one-stage H₂-driven mixotrophic N-assimilation process in hollow-fiber membrane bioreactors offers a viable solution for simultaneous wastewater treatment and resource recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":258,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology","volume":" ","pages":"133398"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms - comparison study of Central-Eastern European countries: Poland, Slovakia, and Lithuania.","authors":"Natalia Murawska, Gabija Jarašiūnaitė-Fedosejeva, Paulina Pawlicka, Olga Riklikienė, Zuzana Škodová, Justyna Michałek-Kwiecień, Maria Kaźmierczak","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.120102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.120102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Some women perceive childbirth as a traumatic experience, which can lead to development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research has identified numerous risk factors for childbirth-related PTSD (CB-PTSD), essential for identifying women at risk.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>In a cross-sectional comparative study, we aim to assess the prevalence of CB-PTSD among women from Central-Eastern European countries: Poland, Slovakia, and Lithuania and identify psychological, obstetric and sociodemographic factors associated with the development of CB-PTSD symptom in a cross-national perspective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>1064 mothers 6 to 12 weeks postpartum from the Central-Eastern European countries (convenience samples) completed the City Birth Trauma Scale (City BiTS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R) and sociodemographic and pregnancy/birth-related characteristics questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of clinical CB-PTSD ranged from 1.8 to 6.1 % (3.4 % for the total population). Common predictors of CB-PTSD symptom severity were as follows: lower income, an emergency caesarean section compared to vaginal birth, postpartum depression and current psychiatric diagnosis, subjective perception of birth as traumatic and lower birth satisfaction. The perception of birth as traumatic, higher education compared to lower than postgraduate degree education, minor maternal complications when compared to no complications and an emergency caesarean section compared to vaginal birth were significant as group-specific predictors with some differences between analysed countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of CB-PTSD in Lithuanian, Polish, and Slovakian samples is comparable to the results reported in global meta-analyses. Psychological factors and those related to the perception of the childbirth experience play a significant role in the development of CB-PTSD symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"120102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kynurenine pathway modulates dynamic network instability and depression severity in major depressive disorder.","authors":"Peiwei Xu, Xiu Yan, Xueli Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.120154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.120154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates changes in dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) within the default mode, salience, and central executive networks in adults with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Additionally, it seeks to explore the associations between these alterations and kynurenine pathway metabolites, as well as their impact on depression severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess dFC in 53 MDD patients and 58 matched healthy controls. Plasma levels of kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid, and quinolinic acid were measured. Analyses were conducted to identify differences in dFC metrics and to examine correlations among dFC, KYN metabolites, and depression severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four distinct dFC states were identified, and MDD patients exhibited a higher frequency of state transitions compared to healthy controls (MDD: 13.49 ± 3.25 vs. HC: 10.98 ± 3.81, p < 0.001). Additionally, plasma KYN levels were found to be negatively correlated with transition frequency in MDD patients (r = -0.333, p = 0.015). Importantly, KYN levels significantly moderated the relationship between the number of state transitions and depression severity (B = -0.018, SE = 0.005, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MDD patients experience more frequent state changes in the triple network's dynamic functional connectivity, and the interaction between KYN levels and dynamic network instability significantly affects depression severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"120154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144955167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel non-contact screening tool based on Vibraimage technology for detecting depressive disorder in psychiatric outpatients: A diagnostic accuracy study.","authors":"Bailin Jiang, Yiqiyuan Zhang, Zhijuan Xie, Zilong Wu, Ye Ma, Xueqian Zhang, Yi Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.120232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.120232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depressive disorder is a common condition; its standard diagnostic process remains time-consuming due to reliance on mental examinations. This study aimed to validate a novel, non-contact screening tool based on Vibraimage technology and machine learning for rapidly detecting depressive disorder in psychiatric outpatients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, psychiatric outpatients were recruited, underwent a 30-second video capture, which was analyzed using the Mental Health Assessment System. This system quantifies head-neck micro-movements and provides a preliminary depression diagnosis via a machine learning algorithm. The psychiatrists, blinded to the system-generated diagnosis, established the clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1062 patients screened, 601 were enrolled and completed both the video capture and clinical evaluation. Among these, 483 (80.4 %) were clinically diagnosed with depressive disorder. The system achieved a sensitivity of 99.8 % and a specificity of 78.8 %, with positive and negative predictive values of 95.1 % and 98.9 %, respectively, and an overall accuracy of 95.7 %. The AUC was 89.3 % (95 % CI: 85.6-93.0 %). Calibration was excellent (Spiegelhalter Z test, P = 1.000; Brier score = 0.04), and decision curve analysis indicated a net clinical benefit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Vibraimage-based Mental Health Assessment System demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy for detecting depressive disorder in psychiatric outpatients, offering a rapid, non-invasive screening alternative. Further multicenter studies are warranted to confirm these findings and explore its clinical utility and evaluate the generalizability of these findings to other population.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06793176) on January 20, 2025, prior to participant recruitment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"120232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood neglect and adult mental disorders: A sibling-comparison study.","authors":"Candi M C Leung, Yanyan Ni, Corine S M Wong, W C Chan, Ichiro Kawachi, Gabriel M Leung, Michael Y Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.120241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.120241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, childhood neglect remains common in both developed and developing settings. However, there is a lack of robust evidence regarding the association between childhood neglect and adult mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a sibling-comparison study nested within the FAMILY Cohort, we assessed the role of childhood neglect and abuse in adult mental disorders, taking into account known and unknown familial confounders shared by siblings. Between July 2017 and February 2019, we interviewed 1106 adults nested in 508 sibling groups randomly sampled from the population-representative FAMILY Cohort in Hong Kong. Childhood neglect, physical abuse, and emotional abuse were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Conflict Tactics Scale. Current common mental disorder was assessed by the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (score ≥ 12). We used multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (OR) of current common mental disorders associated with childhood neglect and abuse.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Childhood neglect (OR = 2.22, 95 % CI 1.05-4.68), physical abuse (OR = 1.99, 1.09-3.61), and emotional abuse (OR = 2.85, 1.48-5.49) were associated with adult mental disorders even after adjusting for shared familial confounders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The strong association between childhood neglect and adult mental disorders was similar to that of other forms of childhood adversity. However, due to the high prevalence of child neglect, its public health impact could be even larger.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"120241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatrists' mental health and coping strategies: Does the shoemaker's son always go barefoot?","authors":"Selin Balki Tekin, Ayşe Nur Inci Kenar","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.120208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.120208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>It would be prudent to consider the mental health of psychiatrists, who are entrusted with the responsibility of caring for our mental well-being. This study aimed to examine psychiatrists' mental health and coping strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted among 217 psychiatry residents and specialists in Turkey. Data was collected via online test programs. The participants were given a Sociodemographic Form, the Brief COPE inventory, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The psychiatrists exhibited symptoms of poor mental health, with 35.5 % reporting anxiety and 12.4 % reporting depression. A statistically significant relationship was identified between burnout and depression and anxiety in the participants (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). A positive significant relationship was found between depression and emotion-focused coping style (R = 0.15, p = 0.025). Other statistically significant positive relationships were found between depression, anxiety and dysfunctional coping styles (R = 0.35, p < 0.001, R = 0.31, p < 0.001, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychiatrists should not neglect their mental health and that of their colleagues for the mental health of the community and should develop more functional coping strategies to deal with problems to carry the empathic burden of their profession.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"120208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis in patients with major depressive disorder.","authors":"Xiaopeng Yin, Ye Fu, Haihang Yu, Fangmin Wang, Qiaozhen Zhang, Yanbing Xu, Mengye Cao, Xi Mei, Pan Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.120206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.120206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to identify potential mutations associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and evaluate disease-associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Total genomic DNA was extracted from the participants' blood samples, and the complete mitochondrial genome was amplified by PCR, purified, and sequenced. Mutation burden analysis and functional mutation analysis was performed, including total mutation counts, highly conserved mutations (Conservation Index >75 %), and structurally disruptive mutations. Additionally, mitochondrial haplotypes were analyzed using binary logistic regression to evaluate disease risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although no significant difference in overall mutation counts was observed between groups (p > 0.05), 16 mutation sites were potentially associated with the onset of MDD: MR-RNR1 (m.735 A > G, m.895C > A), MT-RNR2 (m.2363 A > Gm.2363 A > G), MT-ATP8 (m.8459 A > G (p.N32D)), MT-ATP6 (m.9128 T > C (p.I201T)), MT-CO3 (m.9856 T > C (p.I217T), m.9957 T > C (p.F251L)), MT-ND6 (m.14502 T > C (p.I58V)), MT-CYB (m.14978 A > G (p.I78V), m.14979 T > C (p.I78T), m.15651C > T (p.A302V), m.15860 A > G (p.I372V)), MT-TN (m.5720C > T), MT-TC (m.5783G > A), MT-TD (m.7561 T > C) and MT-TT (m.15924 A > G). Notably, a previously unreported mutation, MT-ND1 (m.3536 T > G (p.L77W)), was identified, which exhibited a 100 % conservation index (CI) and was highly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Haplotype analysis revealed that haplotype B4 was significantly associated with a protective effect (P = 0.026, AOR = 0.228).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation in MDD may not be solely attributed to mutational load but may involve some specific functional mutations. The protective role of haplotype B4 indicates potential therapeutic targets, requiring further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"120206"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune cells influence major depression through metabolites: A Mendelian randomization analysis of bidirectional causality and mediating effects.","authors":"Ziting Kong, Jingwen Xu, Yingpeng Wei, Limei Diao, Liping Wei, Lun Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.120284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.120284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is among the most prevalent and debilitating mental health conditions worldwide. This study aims to investigate the bidirectional causal relationship between immune cells and MDD using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and determine whether metabolites mediate this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compiled and analyzed whole-genome data for 731 immune cell traits, 1091 blood metabolites, 309 metabolic ratios, and disease data from 170,756 individuals with MDD and 329,443 controls. A two-sample, bidirectional MR approach was employed, utilizing MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighting, simple mode, and weighted mode methods to infer causal relationships between immune cells and MDD. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of the results. Additionally, mediator analysis was performed to assess the mediating role of metabolites in the relationship between immune cells and MDD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MR analysis identified 12 immune cell types, including CD62L- DC, Mo MDSC AC, CD4+ CD8dim leukocytes, CD28+ CD45RA- CD8bright AC, CD25+ IgD+ CD24+, CD27+ IgD+ CD24+, and CD27+ IgD+ CD38- unswitched memory cells, among others. Additionally, 22 blood metabolites were identified, including gamma-glutamylvaline, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate (CMPF), 5-dodecenoate (12:1n7), 1-arachidonylglycerol (20:4), and 1-stearoyl-GPE (18:0). Moreover, 8 metabolite ratios were found to influence the causal effects of MDD. Mediator analysis revealed 19 mediator relationships, and sensitivity analyses indicated no significant abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings provide evidence for a causal relationship between immune cells and MDD, highlighting the mediating role of metabolites. These results offer new insights into the mechanisms underlying MDD and may contribute to improved prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":" ","pages":"120284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}